Cellulose ether (CE) bụ otu ụdị ihe ndị e si enweta site na ịgbanwe cellulose site na kemịkalụ. Cellulose bụ isi ihe dị na mgbidi mkpụrụ osisi, cellulose ethers bụkwa usoro polymers sitere na etherification nke ụfọdụ otu hydroxyl (–OH) na cellulose. A na-eji ha eme ihe nke ukwuu n'ọtụtụ ebe dịka ihe owuwu ụlọ, ọgwụ, nri, ihe ịchọ mma, wdg, a na-ejikwa ha nke ukwuu n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche n'ihi ihe pụrụ iche ha nwere na ihe ndị ọzọ ha na-eme.
1. Nhazi nke cellulose ethers
Enwere ike kewaa ether cellulose n'ụdị dị iche iche dịka ụdị ihe ndị dị na nhazi kemịkalụ si dị. Nkewa kachasị na-adabere na ọdịiche dị na ihe ndị dị na ihe ndị dị na ya. Ether cellulose nkịtị bụ ndị a:
Methyl cellulose (MC)
A na-emepụta methyl cellulose site na iji methyl (–CH₃) dochie akụkụ hydroxyl nke molekul cellulose. O nwere ezigbo ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ sie ike, na-akpụ ihe nkiri na njikọ, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ihe owuwu ụlọ, ihe mkpuchi, ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ nri.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bụ cellulose ether a na-ejikarị eme ihe, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ihe owuwu ụlọ, ọgwụ, kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị na ubi nri n'ihi na ọ na-agbaze mmiri nke ọma ma na-eme ka kemịkalụ sie ike. HPMC bụ cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic nke nwere ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dịgide, na-eme ka ọ sie ike ma na-adịgide.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Carboxymethyl cellulose bụ anionic cellulose ether nke a na-emepụta site n'itinye carboxymethyl (–CH₂COOH) n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose. CMC nwere ezigbo ike ịgbaze mmiri ma a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike, ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike, na ihe na-eme ka ihe dị jụụ. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nri, ọgwụ na ihe ịchọ mma.
Ethyl cellulose (EC)
A na-enweta ethyl cellulose site na iji ethyl (–CH₂CH₃) dochie otu hydroxyl dị na cellulose. Ọ nwere ezigbo hydrophobicity ma a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi ihe nkiri na ihe a na-achịkwa na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ.
2. Njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ nke cellulose ethers
Njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ nke cellulose ethers nwere njikọ chiri anya na ihe dịka ụdị cellulose ether, ụdị ihe nnọchi na ọkwa nke nnọchi. Ihe ndị bụ isi ya gụnyere ihe ndị a:
Mmiri na-agbaze na mmiri na-agbaze
Ọtụtụ cellulose ethers nwere ezigbo mmiri na-agbaze, a pụkwara ịgbaze ha na mmiri oyi ma ọ bụ mmiri ọkụ iji mepụta mmiri doro anya nke nwere colloidal. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịgbaze HPMC, CMC, wdg ngwa ngwa na mmiri iji mepụta mmiri na-agbaze nke ukwuu, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ọnọdụ ngwa yana ihe achọrọ maka ọrụ dịka ịka nká, nkwụsịtụ, na nhazi ihe nkiri.
Njirimara nke ime ka ihe dị arọ na imepụta ihe nkiri
Cellulose ethers nwere ezigbo ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri sie ike ma nwee ike ime ka mmiri dị nro nke ọma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, itinye HPMC na ihe owuwu ụlọ nwere ike ime ka plasticity na ọrụ nke mortar dịkwuo mma ma melite ihe ndị na-egbochi iwụda. N'otu oge ahụ, cellulose ethers nwere ezigbo ihe ndị na-emepụta fim ma nwee ike ịmepụta ihe nchebe otu n'elu ihe, ya mere a na-ejikarị ha eme ihe na mkpuchi na mkpuchi ọgwụ.
Njide mmiri na nkwụsi ike
Cellulose ethers nwekwara ezigbo ikike idobe mmiri, ọkachasị n'ihe gbasara ihe owuwu ụlọ. A na-ejikarị cellulose ethers eme ihe iji melite idobe mmiri nke simenti, belata ohere nke mgbawa nke moto, ma gbasaa ndụ ọrụ nke moto. N'ọhịa nri, a na-ejikwa CMC dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịkpọ nkụ.
Nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ
Cellulose ethers na-egosi ezigbo nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ na ngwọta acid, alkali na electrolyte, ma nwee ike idobe nhazi na ọrụ ha n'ọtụtụ ebe kemịkalụ dị mgbagwoju anya. Nke a na-enye ohere ka ejiri ha rụọ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị nnyonye anya sitere na kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ.
3. Usoro mmepụta nke cellulose ether
A na-akwadebe mmepụta nke cellulose ether site na mmeghachi omume etherification nke cellulose eke. Usoro usoro bụ isi gụnyere ọgwụgwọ alkalization nke cellulose, mmeghachi omume etherification, nhicha, wdg.
Ọgwụgwọ Alkalisation
Nke mbụ, a na-agbanwe cellulose eke (dịka owu, osisi, wdg) iji gbanwee akụkụ hydroxyl dị na cellulose ka ọ bụrụ nnu mmanya na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
Mmeghachi omume etherification
Mgbe alkalization gasịrị, cellulose ahụ na-emeghachi omume na ihe na-eme ka etherifying (dịka methyl chloride, propylene oxide, wdg) iji mepụta cellulose ether. Dabere na ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume, enwere ike nweta ụdị cellulose ether dị iche iche.
Ịcha ọcha na ịkpọ nkụ
A na-asacha, saa ma kpọọ nkụ cellulose ether nke mmeghachi omume ahụ na-emepụta iji nweta ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa granular. Enwere ike ijikwa ịdị ọcha na njirimara anụ ahụ nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ site na teknụzụ nhazi na-esote.
4. Ubi ojiji nke cellulose ether
N'ihi ihe pụrụ iche nke cellulose ethers na kemịkalụ, a na-ejikarị ha eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ. Isi ihe ndị a na-eji eme ihe bụ ndị a:
Ihe owuwu ụlọ
N'ihe gbasara ihe owuwu ụlọ, a na-ejikarị cellulose ethers eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri sie ike na ihe na-ejide mmiri maka simenti na ngwaahịa gypsum. Cellulose ethers dị ka HPMC na MC nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ owuwu nke moto dịkwuo mma, belata mfu mmiri, ma si otú a mee ka njikọ na mgbochi mgbawa dịkwuo mma.
Ọgwụ
N'ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, a na-ejikarị cellulose ethers eme ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi maka ọgwụ, ihe nrapado maka mbadamba, na ihe ndị a na-achịkwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ejikarị HPMC eme ihe maka ịkwadebe ihe mkpuchi ọgwụ ma nwee mmetụta dị mma na-achịkwa-ntọhapụ.
Nri
A na-ejikarị CMC eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike, ihe na-eme ka ihe dị nro, na ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike n'ụlọ ọrụ nri. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ihe ọṅụṅụ, ihe ndị e ji mmiri ara ehi mee, na ihe ndị e ji eme achịcha, ọ pụkwara ime ka ụtọ na ihe ndị na-eme ka nri dị nro ka mma.
Ihe ịchọ mma na kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị
A na-eji cellulose ethers eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike na ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike na ihe na-eme ka ọ sie ike n'ihe ịchọ mma na kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị, nke nwere ike inye ezigbo nguzozi na udidi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ejikarị HPMC eme ihe na ngwaahịa dịka ezé ezé na shampoo iji nye ha mmetụta viscous na mmetụta nkwụsịtụ kwụsiri ike.
Mkpuchi
N'ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi, a na-eji cellulose ethers dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị arọ, ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri, na ihe ndị na-egbochi ihe, nke nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ owuwu nke mkpuchi ahụ ka mma, melite ọkwa, ma nye ezigbo mma nke ihe nkiri agba.
5. Mmepe nke cellulose ethers n'ọdịnihu
Ka ọchịchọ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na-arị elu, cellulose ether, dị ka ihe sitere na ihe ndị sitere n'okike a na-emegharị emegharị, nwere atụmanya mmepe sara mbara. N'ihi na ọ na-emebi emebi, ọ na-agbanwe agbanwe na ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche, ọ na-eme ka a na-atụ anya na a ga-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ihe gbasara ihe ndị dị ndụ, ihe ndị a na-emebi emebi na ihe ndị dị mma n'ọdịnihu. Na mgbakwunye, cellulose ether nwekwara ike inyocha na mmepe ọzọ n'ọhịa ndị bara uru dị ka injinia biomedical na ihe ndị dị elu.
Dịka ngwaahịa kemịkal dị mkpa, cellulose ether nwere ọtụtụ uru ojiji. Site na oke ọkpụrụkpụ ya dị mma, njigide mmiri, nhazi ihe nkiri na ezigbo nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ, ọ na-arụ ọrụ a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe n'ọtụtụ ngalaba dịka owuwu ụlọ, ọgwụ, na nri. N'ọdịnihu, site na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke teknụzụ na nkwalite echiche nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, atụmanya ojiji nke cellulose ether ga-abawanye ma nye aka karịa n'ịkwalite mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche.
Oge ozi: Sep-24-2024