1. Imashini igabanya ubukana bw'ibinyabutabire
Ikoreshwa cyane ni bentonite y’umwimerere, igice cyayo cy’ingenzi kikaba ari montmorillonite. Imiterere yayo yihariye ya lamellar ishobora guha irangi imbaraga zikomeye zo gusiga, thixotropy, guhagarara neza no gusya. Ihame ryo gukomera ni uko ifu ifata amazi ikabyimba kugira ngo igire ubukana bw’amazi, bityo ikagira uburyo runaka bwo kubika amazi.
Ingaruka mbi ni izi: amazi adakora neza kandi nta mikorere myiza, ntabwo byoroshye kuyatatanya no kuyashyiramo.
2. Selilulose
Ikoreshwa cyane ni hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), ifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura cyane, kuyihagarika neza, kuyikwirakwiza no kubika amazi, ahanini mu rwego rwo gukurura igice cy'amazi.
Ingaruka mbi ni izi: kugira ingaruka ku budahangarwa bw'amazi bw'igitambaro, kudakora neza mu kurwanya ibishishwa, ndetse no kudakora neza mu kugena aho gishyirwa.
3. Arulerike
Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe muri acrylic muri rusange bigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe mu buryo bwa acrylic alkali (ASE) n'ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe mu buryo bwa acrylic alkali (HASE).
Ihame ryo gukurura umubyimba wa aside acrylic alkali-swellable thickener (ASE) ni ugutandukanya carboxylate iyo pH ihinduwe kuri alkaline, bityo uruhererekane rwa molekile rugakurwa kuri helical rujya kuri rod binyuze mu gukurura isotropic electrostatic hagati ya iyoni za carboxylate, bikongera ubukana bw'amazi. Ubu bwoko bw'umubyimba bufite ubushobozi bwo gukurura umubyimba mwinshi, pseudoplasticity ikomeye kandi bufite ubushobozi bwo gusunika neza.
Imashini igabanya ubushyuhe bw’amazi (HASE) ishyiramo amatsinda arwanya ubushyuhe bw’amazi hashingiwe ku mashini zigabanya ubushyuhe bw’amazi (ASE). Mu buryo nk’ubwo, iyo pH ihinduwe kuri alkaline, electrostatic repulsion y’abantu b’igitsina kimwe hagati ya iyoni za karubokisilate ituma uruhererekane rw’ibintu ruva ku ishusho ya helical rujya ku ishusho y’inkoni, ibyo byongera ubushyuhe bw’amazi; kandi amatsinda arwanya ubushyuhe yinjiye ku ruhererekane rw’ingenzi ashobora kwihuza n’uduce twa latex kugira ngo yongere ubushyuhe bw’uruhererekane rw’amazi.
Ibibi ni ibi bikurikira: kuba umuntu adashobora kubona pH, amazi adahagije ndetse n'uko irangi ritagenda neza, kandi byoroshye kuringaniza nyuma.
4. Polyurethane
Imashini ivangavanze ya Polyurethane (HEUR) ni polymeri ivangavanze ya polyurethane ihinduka amazi ikoresheje hydrophobically etoxylated polyurethane, ikaba ari igikoresho cy’imashini ivangavanze idakoresha ionic. Igizwe n’ibice bitatu: ishingiro rivangavanze, umunyururu ukunda amazi n’ishingiro rya polyurethane. Ishingiro rya polyurethane rikwirakwira mu irangi, kandi umunyururu ukunda amazi uhoraho mu gice cy’amazi. Ishingiro ringavanze n’imiterere ivangavanze nk’uduce twa latex, surfactants, na pigments, bigakora imiterere y’urusobe rw’ibice bitatu, kugira ngo bigere ku ntego yo kubyimba.
Irangwa no kwiyongera kw'ingufu mu gice cya emulsion, imikorere myiza yo gutembera no kungana, imikorere myiza yo kwiyongera no kubika neza ubushyuhe, kandi nta mupaka wa pH; kandi ifite ibyiza bigaragara mu kurwanya amazi, kugaragara neza, kubonerana, nibindi.
Ingaruka mbi ni izi: muri sisitemu yo kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'ifu, ingaruka zo kurwanya ubushyuhe bw'ifu ntiziba nziza, kandi ingaruka zo kubyimba zigirwaho ingaruka zoroshye n'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe n'ibinyabutabire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-29-2022