CelluloseKo te wāhanga matua o ngā pakitara pūtau tipu, ā, ko te polysaccharide tino horapa me te nui rawa atu i te taiao, e neke atu ana i te 50% o te ihirangi waro i roto i te rangatiratanga tipu. I roto i ēnei, ko te ihirangi cellulose o te miro e tata ana ki te 100%, koinei te pūtake cellulose tūturu parakore. I roto i te rakau whānui, ko te cellulose te 40-50%, ā, he 10-30% hemicellulose me te 20-30% lignin. Ko te cellulose ether he kupu whānui mō ngā momo hua i whiwhi mai i te cellulose tūturu hei rauemi mata mā te etherification. He hua i hangaia i muri i te whakakapinga wāhanga, te whakakapinga katoa rānei o ngā rōpū hydroxyl i runga i ngā macromolecules cellulose e ngā rōpū ether. He hononga hauwai i roto i te mekameka me te mekameka i waenga i ngā macromolecules cellulose, he uaua ki te rewa i roto i te wai me te nuinga o ngā whakarewa waro, engari i muri i te etherification, ka taea e te whakaurunga o ngā rōpū ether te whakapai ake i te hydrophilicity me te whakanui ake i te wairewatanga i roto i te wai me ngā whakarewa waro. Ngā āhuatanga wairewatanga.
He ingoa rongonui te cellulose ether mō te "monosodium glutamate ahumahi". He āhuatanga pai rawa atu ōna pērā i te whakamātotoru i te wai, te wairewa pai ki te wai, te pumau o te whakatārewatanga, te rapa rānei, te hanga kiriata, te pupuri wai, me te piri. Kāore hoki i te paitini, kāore hoki i te reka, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā rauemi hanga, rongoā, kai, kakahu, matū o ia rā, tūhuratanga hinu, keri, hanga pepa, polymerization, rererangi me te maha atu o ngā mara. He whānui te whakamahinga o te cellulose ether, he iti te whakamahinga o ngā waeine, he pai te pānga whakarerekētanga, me te atawhai ki te taiao. Ka taea e ia te whakapai ake me te arotau i te mahi hua i roto i te mara o tana tāpiri, he mea pai ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga rauemi me te uara tāpiri hua. He tāpiringa hoa taiao e tino hiahiatia ana i roto i ngā mara maha.
E ai ki te ionization o te cellulose ether, te momo o ngā whakakapinga me te rerekētanga o te wairewatanga, ka taea te whakarōpū i te cellulose ether ki ngā kāwai rerekē. E ai ki ngā momo whakakapinga rerekē, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā cellulose ether ki ngā ether takitahi me ngā ether whakauru. E ai ki te wairewatanga, ka taea te wehewehe i te cellulose ether ki ngā hua wairewa-wai me ngā hua kore-wairewa. E ai ki te ionization, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā hua ionic, kore-ionic me ngā hua whakauru. I roto i ngā cellulose ether wairewa-wai, he pai ake te ātete pāmahana me te ātete tote o ngā cellulose ether kore-ionic pērā i te HPMC i ngā ionic cellulose ether (CMC).
Me pēhea te whakapai ake i te cellulose ether i roto i te umanga?
Ka hangaia te cellulose ether mai i te miro kua whakapaia mā te alkalizing, te etherification me ētahi atu mahi. He rite tonu te tukanga whakaputa o te HPMC kounga rongoā me te HPMC kounga kai. Ki te whakatauritea ki te cellulose ether kounga rauemi hanga, me whai etherification ā-wāhanga te tukanga whakaputa o te HPMC kounga rongoā me te HPMC kounga kai, he uaua ki te whakahaere i te tukanga whakaputa, ā, me tino ma ngā taputapu me te taiao whakaputa.
E ai ki ngā raraunga i tukuna mai e te China Cellulose Industry Association, ko te katoa o te kaha whakaputa o ngā kaihanga cellulose ether kore-ionic me te kaha whakaputa nui o te whare, pērā i a Hercules Temple, Shandong Heda, me ētahi atu, neke atu i te 50% o te katoa o te kaha whakaputa o te motu. He maha atu anō ngā kaihanga cellulose ether iti kore-ionic me te kaha whakaputa iti iho i te 4,000 tana. Haunga ētahi umanga, ko te nuinga o rātou e whakaputa ana i ngā cellulose ether paerewa noa, me te katoa o te kaha whakaputa tata ki te 100,000 tana ia tau. Nā te korenga o te kaha pūtea, he maha ngā umanga iti kāore e tutuki i ngā paerewa mō te haumi tiaki taiao ki te maimoatanga wai me te maimoatanga hau putanga hei whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa. I te mea ka nui haere te aro o te whenua me te hapori katoa ki te tiaki taiao, ko ngā umanga i roto i te umanga kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te tiaki taiao ka kati haere, ka whakaiti rānei i te whakaputa. I taua wā, ka piki ake te kukū o te umanga hanga cellulose ether o tōku whenua.
Kei te kaha haere ngā kaupapa here tiaki taiao ā-rohe, ā, kei te whakatinanahia ngā whakaritenga tino pakari mō te hangarau tiaki taiao me te haumi ki te tukanga whakaputa ote etera cellulose. Mā ngā mahi tiaki taiao paerewa teitei ka piki ake te utu whakaputa a ngā umanga, ā, ka hanga hoki i tētahi paepae teitei mō te tiaki taiao. Ko ngā umanga kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao, tera pea ka kati haere, ka whakaiti rānei i te whakaputanga nā te korenga e tutuki i ngā paerewa tiaki taiao. E ai ki te pukapuka whakatairanga a te kamupene, ko ngā umanga e whakaiti haere ana i te whakaputanga me te whakamutu i te whakaputanga nā ngā āhuatanga tiaki taiao, tera pea ka uru atu ki te 30,000 tana/tau o te cellulose ether rauemi hanga noa, he mea e whai hua ana ki te whakawhānui ake i ngā umanga whai hua.
I runga i te cellulose ether, ka toro atu tonu ki ngā hua utu nui me ngā hua uara-tāpiri nui.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-25-2024