Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Zokunciphisa Amanzi, Izinto Ezivimbela Amanzi, kanye Nezinto Ezivikela Amanzi Ezingaphezu Kwemvelo

Ama-water reducers, ama-retarder, kanye nama-superplasticizer yizinto ezixutshwe ngamakhemikhali ezisetshenziswa ku-izingxube zekhonkrithiukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezithile nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi ngesikhathi sayo esisha nesiqinile. Ngayinye yalezi zingxube inomsebenzi oyingqayizivele, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi okwakha ukuze kufezwe izici zekhonkrithi ezifiselekayo. Ake sihlole ukusetshenziswa kwezinciphisi zamanzi, izithiyo zokuzibamba, kanye nezithiyo zokuzibamba ngokuningiliziwe:

1. Izinto Zokunciphisa Amanzi:

Inhloso:

• Ukunciphisa Okuqukethwe Kwamanzi: Ama-water reducers, aziwa nangokuthi ama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi noma ama-plasticizer, asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa inani lamanzi adingekayo engxubeni yekhonkrithi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko:

• Ukusebenza Okuthuthukisiwe: Ngokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi, izinto zokunciphisa amanzi zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuhlangana kwengxube yekhonkrithi.
• Amandla Akhuphukile: Ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwamanzi kuvame ukuholela ekuqineni nasekuqineni okukhulu kwekhonkrithi.
• Ukuqina Kokuqedwa Okuthuthukisiwe: Ukhonkolo onezinciphisi zamanzi uvame ukuba lula ukuwuqeda, okuholela endaweni ebushelelezi.

Izicelo:

• Ukhonkolo Onamandla Aphezulu: Izinto zokunciphisa amanzi zivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kokhonkolo oqinile lapho izilinganiso eziphansi zamanzi nosimende zibaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukupompa ukhonkolo: Kwenza kube lula ukupompa ukhonkolo ebangeni elide ngokugcina uketshezi luqinile.

2. Ababambezeli:

Inhloso:

• Ukulibazisa Isikhathi Sokusetha: Ama-retarder ayizingxube ezenzelwe ukunciphisa ijubane lokusetha ukhonkolo, okuvumela isikhathi eside sokusebenza.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko:

• Ukusebenza Okude: Izinto ezigcina ukhonkolo zingavimbeli ukusethwa kwekhonkrithi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okunikeza isikhathi esengeziwe sokuxuba, ukuthutha, nokubeka izinto.
• Ukuqhekeka Okuncishisiwe: Izikhathi zokubeka ezisheshayo zinganciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zezulu ezishisayo.

Izicelo:

• Ukwakha Ukhonkolo Wesimo Sezulu Esishisayo: Ezimweni lapho amazinga okushisa aphezulu angasheshisa ukubekwa kokhonkolo, ama-retarder asiza ekuphatheni isikhathi sokubekwa kokhonkolo.
• Amaphrojekthi Okwakha Amakhulu: Kumaphrojekthi amakhulu lapho ukuthuthwa nokufakwa kwekhonkrithi kuthatha isikhathi eside.

3. Ama-Superplasticizer:

Inhloso:

• Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza: Ama-Superplasticizer, aziwa nangokuthi ama-high-range water reducers, asetshenziselwa ukwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwekhonkrithi ngaphandle kokwandisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko:

• Ukusebenza Okuphezulu: Ama-Superplasticizer avumela ukukhiqizwa kwekhonkrithi esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi egeleza kahle enesilinganiso esiphansi samanzi nosimende.
• Amandla Akhuphukile: Njengezinto zokunciphisa amanzi, ama-superplasticizer anegalelo ekuqineni okukhulu kwekhonkrithi ngokuvumela izilinganiso eziphansi zamanzi nosimende.

Izicelo:

• Ikhonkrithi Ezihlanganisayo (SCC): Ama-Superplasticizer avame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-SCC, lapho kudingeka khona ukugeleza okuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo zokuzilinganisa.
• Ikhonkrithi Esebenza Kakhulu: Ezisetshenziswayo ezifuna amandla aphezulu, ukuqina, kanye nokuncipha kokungena kwamanzi.

Izinto Ezivamile Okufanele Uzicabangele:

1. Ukuhambisana: Izingxube kufanele zihambisane nezinye izinto ezihlanganisweni zekhonkrithi, okuhlanganisa usimende, ama-aggregates, nezinye izithasiselo.
2. Ukulawula Umthamo: Ukulawula okunembile komthamo wokuxuba kubalulekile ekufezeni izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ezifiselekayo. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi.
3. Ukuhlolwa: Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezingxube ezixutshweni ezithile zekhonkrithi.
4. Izincomo Zomkhiqizi: Ukunamathela ezincomweni naseziqondisweni ezinikezwe umenzi wokuxuba kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle.

Ekuphetheni, ukusetshenziswa kwezinciphisi zamanzi, izinciphisi, kanye nezinciphisi ze-superplasticizer ezingxubeni zekhonkrithi kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi, kusukela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezikhathi zokubeka ezinde kuya ekuqineni nasekuqineni okuthuthukisiwe. Ukuqonda izidingo ezithile zephrojekthi yokwakha nokukhetha ukuxuba okufanele noma inhlanganisela yezinciphisi kubalulekile ekufezeni izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ezifiselekayo. Izilinganiso zokuxuba kanye nemiklamo yokuxuba ikhonkrithi kufanele kuhlelwe futhi kuhlolwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside kwekhonkrithi.