Izixube zeKhonkrithi

Izixube zekhonkrithi zizithako ezikhethekileyo ezongezwa kumxube wekhonkrithi ngexesha lokuxuba okanye ukuhlanganisa ukuze kuguqulwe iimpawu zayo okanye kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwayo. Ezi zixube zinokuphucula iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zekhonkrithi, kubandakanya ukusebenza kakuhle, amandla, ukuqina, ixesha lokubeka, kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali okanye iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zezixube zekhonkrithi:

1. Izixube Ezinciphisa Amanzi:

• Ii-admixtures ezinciphisa amanzi, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-plasticizers okanye ii-superplasticizers, zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ubungakanani bamanzi afunekayo kumxube wekhonkrithi ngelixa zigcina ukusebenza kakuhle.
• Ziphucula ukuhamba kakuhle kwekhonkrithi kunye nokusebenza kwayo lula, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuyibeka nokuyigqiba.
• Ii-Superplasticizers zinokuhlulwahlulwa njengezo ziphezulu okanye eziphakathi ngokusekelwe kubuchule bazo bokunciphisa umthamo wamanzi nokunyusa ukuhla.

2. Iiseti zeZixube eziBuyayo:

• Izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezigcina ixesha lekhonkrithi zisetyenziselwa ukulibazisa ixesha lokuseta ikhonkrithi, nto leyo evumela ukuba kubekho ixesha elide lokubeka kunye nexesha lokugqiba.
• Ziluncedo kwiimeko zemozulu ezishushu okanye xa kuthuthwa ikhonkrithi kumgama omde.
• Ezi zinto zixutyiweyo zinokunceda ekuthinteleni ukubanda kwamalungu kwaye ziphucule ukubopha phakathi kokuthululwa kwekhonkrithi ngokulandelelana.

3. Ukukhawulezisa umxube:

• Izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezikhawulezayo zongezwa kwikhonkrithi ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukubekwa kwayo kunye nophuhliso lwamandla kwangethuba.
• Ziluncedo kwiimeko zemozulu ebandayo okanye xa kufuneka ucwangciso lokwakha olukhawulezileyo.
• I-calcium chloride yinto eqhelekileyo exutywa ngokukhawuleza, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokukhokelela ekungcoleni kwentsimbi yokuqinisa kunye nokuphuma kwayo.

4. Izixube zokungenisa umoya:

• Izixube zomoya ezifakwa kwi-air-entraining zisetyenziselwa ukungenisa amaqamza omoya amancinci kumxube wekhonkrithi.
• La maqamza omoya aphucula ukuqina kwekhonkrithi ngokubonelela ngokumelana nemijikelo yokuqandisa nokunyibilika, ukunciphisa ukopha kunye nokwahlukana, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
• Izixube zomoya ezifakwa kwi-air-entraining zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezibandayo nakwikhonkrithi evezwe kwiityuwa ezisusa i-icing.

5. Izixube ezibambezelayo nezinciphisa amanzi:

• Ezi zixube zidibanisa iimpawu zokucothisa okumiselweyo kunye nezixube ezinciphisa amanzi.
• Ziyalibazisa ixesha lokuseta i-concrete ngelixa ngaxeshanye ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye zinciphisa umthamo wamanzi.
• Izinto ezicothayo nezinciphisa amanzi zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiimeko zemozulu eshushu ukuthintela ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kunye nokulahleka kokuwa.

6. Izixube Ezithintela Ukugqwala:

• Izinto ezithintela ukugqwala zongezwa kwikhonkrithi ukukhusela ukuqina kwentsimbi efakwe ngaphakathi ekugqwaleni.
• Zenza umaleko okhuselayo kumphezulu wokuqinisa, othintela ukungena kwee-chloride kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela ukubola.
• Ezi zinto zixutyiweyo ziluncedo kakhulu kwiindawo zaselwandle okanye kwizakhiwo ezichatshazelwe ziityuwa ezisusa i-icing.

7. Izixube Ezinciphisa Ukuncipha:

• Izinto ezinciphisa ukushwabana zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukushwabana kokoma kunye nokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi.
• Zisebenza ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu wamanzi emingxunyeni, zivumela ukoma okufanayo kunye nokunciphisa ukuncitshiswa.
• Ezi zinto zixutyiweyo ziluncedo kwiindawo ezinkulu zekhonkrithi, izinto zekhonkrithi ezenziwe kwangaphambili, kunye neengxube zekhonkrithi ezisebenzayo kakhulu.

Ii-Admixtures zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kunye nokuqina kwekhonkrithi kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukhetha ngononophelo kunye nokufaka ii-admixtures ezifanelekileyo kumxube wekhonkrithi, iinjineli kunye nabakhi banokufikelela kwiimpawu ezinqwenelekayo ezifana nokusebenza ngcono, amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana neemeko ezimbi zendalo. Kubalulekile ukulandela iingcebiso zomenzi kunye nezikhokelo zomthamo xa usebenzisa ii-admixtures ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuhambelana nomxube wekhonkrithi.