Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ke polymer e feto-fetohang e nang le mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso liindastering tse fapaneng ho kenyeletsoa meriana, lijo, kaho le litlolo. Lisebelisoa tse tala tse ka sehloohong tse sebelisoang ho kopanya HPMC ke cellulose le propylene oxide.
1. Cellulose: motheo oa HPMC
1.1 Kakaretso ea selulose
Cellulose ke k'habohaedreite e rarahaneng eo e leng karolo e ka sehloohong ea sebopeho sa mabota a sele ea limela tse tala. E entsoe ka liketane tse otlolohileng tsa limolek'hule tsa glucose tse kopantsoeng hammoho ke litlamo tsa β-1,4-glycosidic. Bongata ba lihlopha tsa hydroxyl ka har'a cellulose bo etsa hore e be thepa e loketseng ea ho qala bakeng sa ho kopanya li-derivatives tse fapaneng tsa cellulose, ho kenyeletsoa le HPMC.
1.2 Theko ea selelulose
Cellulose e ka fumanoa ho tsoa linthong tse fapaneng tsa limela, tse kang pulp ea lehong, linter tsa k'hothone, kapa limela tse ling tse nang le likhoele. Purple ea lehong ke mohloli o tloaelehileng ka lebaka la bongata ba eona, katleho ea litšenyehelo, le botsitso. Ho ntšoa ha cellulose hangata ho kenyelletsa ho qhaqha likhoele tsa limela ka letoto la lits'ebetso tsa mechini le tsa lik'hemik'hale.
1.3 Bohloeki le litšobotsi
Boleng le bohloeki ba cellulose ke tsa bohlokoa ho khetholleng litšobotsi tsa sehlahisoa sa ho qetela sa HPMC. Cellulose e hloekileng haholo e netefatsa hore HPMC e hlahisoa ka thepa e tsitsitseng joalo ka ho teteana, ho qhibiliha le botsitso ba mocheso.
2. Propylene oxide: ho hlahisoa ha sehlopha sa hydroxypropyl
2.1 Selelekela sa propylene oxide
Propylene oxide (PO) ke motsoako oa lintho tse phelang o nang le foromo ea lik'hemik'hale C3H6O. Ke epoxide, ho bolelang hore e na le athomo ea oksijene e hokahaneng le liathomo tse peli tse haufi tsa carbon. Propylene oxide ke thepa ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho etsoa ha hydroxypropyl cellulose, e leng karolo e bohareng ea tlhahiso ea HPMC.
2.2 Ts'ebetso ea Hydroxypropylation
Ts'ebetso ea hydroxypropylation e kenyelletsa karabelo ea cellulose ka propylene oxide ho kenya lihlopha tsa hydroxypropyl mokokotlong oa cellulose. Karabelo ena hangata e etsoa ha ho na le catalyst ea motheo. Lihlopha tsa Hydroxypropyl li fana ka ho qhibiliha ho ntlafetseng le thepa e meng e lakatsehang ho cellulose, e leng se lebisang ho thehoeng ha hydroxypropyl cellulose.
3. Methylation: Ho eketsa lihlopha tsa methyl
3.1 Ts'ebetso ea Methylation
Kamora hydroxypropylation, mohato o latelang oa ho kopanya HPMC ke methylation. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa ho kenngoa ha lihlopha tsa methyl mokokotlong oa cellulose. Methyl chloride ke reagent e sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa karabelo ena. Tekanyo ea methylation e ama thepa ea sehlahisoa sa ho qetela sa HPMC, ho kenyeletsoa le viscosity ea sona le boitšoaro ba gel.
3.2 Tekanyo ea ho nkela sebaka
Tekanyo ea phetolo (DS) ke paramethara ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lekanya palo e tloaelehileng ea lintho tse nkeloang sebaka (methyl le hydroxypropyl) ka yuniti ea anhydroglucose ka har'a ketane ea cellulose. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e laoloa ka hloko ho fihlela ts'ebetso e lakatsehang ea lihlahisoa tsa HPMC.
4. Tlhoekiso le Taolo ea Boleng
4.1 Ho tlosoa ha lihlahisoa tse ling
Ho kopanngoa ha HPMC ho ka fella ka ho thehwa ha dihlahiswa tse kang matswai kapa di-reagent tse sa arajoang. Mehato ya tlhoekiso ho kenyeletswa ho hlatswa le ho sefa e sebediswa ho tlosa ditshila tsena le ho eketsa bohloeki ba sehlahiswa sa ho qetela.
4.2 Mehato ea taolo ea boleng
Mehato e tiileng ea taolo ea boleng e kenngoa tšebetsong nakong eohle ea tlhahiso ho netefatsa botsitso le boleng ba HPMC. Mekhoa ea tlhahlobo e kang spectroscopy, chromatography le rheology e sebelisoa ho lekola liparamente tse kang boima ba limolek'hule, tekanyo ea ho nkeloa sebaka le ho teteana.
5. Litšobotsi tsa Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)
5.1 Thepa ea 'mele
HPMC ke phofo e tšoeu ho isa ho e tšoeu, e se nang monko e nang le thepa e ntle ea ho etsa filimi. E na le hygroscopic 'me e etsa gel e bonaletsang habonolo ha e qhalanngoa ka metsing. Ho qhibiliha ha HPMC ho itšetlehile ka tekanyo ea ho nkeloa sebaka 'me ho angoa ke lintlha tse kang mocheso le pH.
5.2 Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale
Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale sa HPMC se na le mokokotlo oa cellulose o nang le li-substituent tsa hydroxypropyl le methyl. Karolelano ea li-substituent tsena, tse bonts'ang tekanyo ea ho nkeloa sebaka, e etsa qeto ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale ka kakaretso 'me kahoo thepa ea HPMC.
5.3 Ho teteana le thepa ea rheological
HPMC e fumaneha ka mefuta e fapaneng ka mefuta e fapaneng ea viscosity. Viscosity ea litharollo tsa HPMC ke ntlha ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse kang meriana, moo e amang boemo ba ho lokolloa ha moriana, le kahong, moo e amang ho sebetsa ha li-mortar le li-pesta.
5.4 Thepa ea ho etsa filimi le ho e tebisa
HPMC e sebelisoa haholo e le filimi e entsoeng ka ho koahela meriana le e le moemeli oa ho teteana mefuteng e fapaneng ea metsoako. Bokhoni ba eona ba ho etsa filimi bo e etsa ea bohlokoa ntlafatsong ea litsamaiso tsa ho koahela meriana tse laoloang, ha thepa ea eona ea ho teteana e ntlafatsa sebopeho le botsitso ba lihlahisoa tse ngata.
6. Tšebeliso ea hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
6.1 Indasteri ea meriana
Indastering ea meriana, HPMC e sebelisoa ho etsa mefuta ea tekanyo e tiileng ea molomo joalo ka matlapa le li-capsule. E sebelisoa hangata e le sesebelisoa sa ho kopanya, ho arola le ho koahela filimi. Thepa e laoloang ea HPMC e nolofalletsa ts'ebeliso ea eona mefuteng ea ho lokolla e tsoelang pele.
6.2 Indasteri ea kaho
Lefapheng la kaho, HPMC e sebediswa e le sesebelisoa sa ho boloka metsi, se tenya le sekgomaretsi dihlahisweng tse thehilweng hodima samente. E ntlafatsa bokgoni ba ho sebetsa ba seretse, e thibela ho thekesela ha ho sebediswa ka ho otloloha, mme e ntlafatsa tshebetso yohle ya thepa ya kaho.
6.3 Indasteri ea lijo
HPMC e sebelisoa indastering ea lijo e le setenya, se tiisang le se kopanyang. Bokhoni ba eona ba ho etsa li-gel ka bongata bo tlase bo e etsa hore e lokele mefuta e fapaneng ea ts'ebeliso, ho kenyeletsoa le lisoso, litlolo le lijo tse tsoekere.
6.4 Litlolo le lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea botho
Litlolong le lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea botho, HPMC e fumanoa mefuteng e fapaneng ea litlolo ho kenyeletsoa le litlolo tse tlotsang, litlolo tse tlotsang le li-shampoo. E thusa ho ntlafatsa sebopeho, botsitso le ts'ebetso ka kakaretso ea lihlahisoa tsena.
6.5 Liindasteri tse ling
Ho tenyetseha ha HPMC ho atolohela liindastering tse ling, ho kenyeletsoa masela, lipente le likhomaretsi, moo e ka sebelisoang e le sesebelisoa sa ho fetola rheology, sesebelisoa sa ho boloka metsi le se tiisang.
7. Qetello
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose ke polymer e feto-fetohang e nang le lits'ebetso tse ngata. Ho kopanngoa ha eona ho sebelisa cellulose le propylene oxide e le lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong tse tala, 'me cellulose e fetoloa ka mekhoa ea hydroxypropylation le methylation. Taolo e laoloang ea lisebelisoa tsena tse tala le maemo a karabelo e ka hlahisa HPMC e nang le thepa e ikhethileng ho fihlela litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa indasteri. Ka hona, HPMC e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa ho pholletsa le liindasteri. Phuputso e tsoelang pele ea lits'ebetso tse ncha le ntlafatso ea lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso li thusa HPMC ho tsoela pele ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa 'marakeng oa lefats'e.
Nako ea poso: Tshitwe-28-2023