Selulosi, polimeri y’umwimerere iboneka cyane ku Isi, igize igice kinini cy’ibimera n’ibikoresho bitandukanye by’inganda. Ubuziranenge bwayo butangaje butera imbogamizi mu kwangirika kwayo neza, ingenzi mu bikorwa nko gukora ibikomoka kuri peteroli no gucunga imyanda. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) yagaragaye nk'ikintu gishobora gushonga muri selulosi bitewe n'imiterere yayo idahumanya ibidukikije ndetse n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugabanya ogisijeni.
Intangiriro:
Selulose, polysaccharide igizwe n'ibice bya glucose bihujwe n'imigozi ya β-1,4-glycosidic, ni igice cy'ingenzi mu miterere y'uturemangingo tw'ibimera. Ku bwinshi bwayo mu bimera bituma iba isoko ikurura inganda zitandukanye, harimo impapuro n'amacupa, imyenda, n'ingufu za bio. Ariko, urusobe rukomeye rwa hydrogen muri fibrils za cellulose rutuma idashonga mu bintu byinshi biyungurura, bigatera imbogamizi mu kuyikoresha no kuyikoresha neza.
Uburyo gakondo bwo gushonga kwa selulosi burimo ibintu bikomeye, nka aside nyinshi cyangwa ibinyobwa bya iyoni, bikunze kujyana n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Mu buryo bunyuranye, peroxide ya hydrogen itanga ubundi buryo bwiza bitewe n’uko ikora ogisijeni nto kandi ikaba ishobora gutunganya selulosi mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije. Iyi nyandiko isuzuma uburyo selulosi ishonga binyuze muri peroxide ya hydrogen ikoreshwa mu gushonga no gusuzuma imikorere yayo n’ikoreshwa ryayo mu buryo bufatika.
Uburyo bwo gushonga kwa selulose hakoreshejwe hydrogen peroxide:
Gushonga kwa selulose hakoreshejwe peroxide ya hydrogen bikubiyemo ingaruka zikomeye za shimi, cyane cyane gucika kwa oxidative kw'imigozi ya glycosidic no guhungabanya imigozi ya hydrogen hagati y'amaseli. Ubusanzwe iyi gahunda ikomeza ikurikira:
Gushyira ogisijeni mu matsinda ya Hydroxyl: Hydrogen peroxide ihura n'amatsinda ya hydroxyl ya cellulose, biganisha ku ikorwa rya hydroxyl radicals (•OH) binyuze muri Fenton cyangwa Fenton-like reactions iyo hari ions z'icyuma zihinduka. Izi radicals zitera imigozi ya glycosidic, zigatangira gucika k'uruhererekane no gukora ibice bigufi bya cellulose.
Guhagarika ihuza rya Hydrogen: Hydroxyl radicals nayo ibangamira urusobe rw'ihuza rya hydrogen hagati y'iminyururu ya cellulose, igatuma imiterere rusange igabanuka kandi igatuma ikemuka.
Ikorwa ry'ibintu bishongesha: Gusenyuka kwa ogisijeni kwa selulose bituma habaho ibintu bishongesha amazi nka aside karubokisilike, aldehyde, na ketone. Ibi bikomoka kuri iyo miterere bigira uruhare mu gushonga binyuze mu kongera gushonga no kugabanya ubukana bw'ibintu.
Gukuraho polymerization no Gucikamo ibice: Ibindi bikorwa byo kugabanya oxygene no gucikamo ibice bituma imiyoboro ya cellulose ihinduka oligomer ngufi hanyuma bikavamo isukari ishongesha cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa bifite uburemere buke bwa molekile.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gushonga kwa selulosi iterwa na hydrogen peroxide:
Ubushobozi bwo gushonga kwa selulosi hakoreshejwe peroxide ya hydrogen buterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, birimo:
Ubucucike bwa Hydrogen Peroxide: Ubucucike bwinshi bwa hydrogen peroxide bukunze gutuma habaho ubwiyongere bwihuse bw'ingaruka z'ingaruka z'ingaruka z'indwara ndetse no kwangirika kwa cellulose cyane. Ariko, ubucucike bwinshi cyane bushobora gutera ingaruka z'ingaruka z'ingaruka z'indwara cyangwa ibindi bintu bidakenewe.
pH n'Ubushyuhe: pH y'uburyo bwo gukora reactive ikagira ingaruka ku ikorwa rya hydroxyl radicals no ku kudahinduka kw'ibikomoka kuri cellulose. Imiterere iri hagati ya aside (pH 3-5) ikunze kuba myiza kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo gushonga kwa cellulose nta kwangirika gukomeye. Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka ku buryo reactive ikora, aho ubushyuhe bwinshi muri rusange bwihutisha inzira yo gushonga.
Kuba hari Catalysts: Iyoni z'icyuma zihinduka, nk'icyuma cyangwa umuringa, zishobora gutuma peroxide ya hydrogen ibora kandi zikongera ikorwa rya hydroxyl radicals. Ariko, guhitamo catalysts n'ubwinshi bwazo bigomba gukorwa neza kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka mbi no kwemeza ko umusaruro ufite ubuziranenge.
Imiterere ya Selulosi n'Uburyo bw'Ikristali: Uburyo imiyoboro ya selulosi igera kuri peroxide ya hydrogen na radicals ya hydroxyl bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'ibikoresho n'imiterere ya kristali. Uduce tudafite ishusho y'ikintu dushobora kwangirika cyane kurusha utundi duce dufite ishusho y'ikintu, bityo bikaba ngombwa ko hashyirwaho ingamba zo kuvura mbere cyangwa guhindura kugira ngo harusheho kugerwaho neza.
Ibyiza n'Imikoreshereze ya Hydrogen Peroxide mu Gushonga kwa Selulose:
Peroxide ya hydrogen itanga ibyiza byinshi byo gushonga kwa selulose ugereranije n'uburyo busanzwe:
Ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibidukikije: Bitandukanye n'ibinyabutabire bikomeye nka aside sulfurike cyangwa solvents ifite chlorine, peroxide ya hydrogen ni nziza cyane kandi ibora mu mazi na ogisijeni mu gihe cyoroheje. Iyi miterere irinda ibidukikije ituma iba nziza mu gutunganya cellulose no kuyitunganya mu buryo burambye.
Imiterere y’ingaruka zoroheje: Gushonga kwa selulose hakoreshejwe hydrogen peroxide bishobora gukorwa mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko byoroheje, bigabanura ikoreshwa ry’ingufu n’ikiguzi cy’imikorere ugereranije no gukoresha aside hifashishijwe ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa imiti ya ionic liquid.
Gutandukanya okiside n'ibinyabutabire: Gucikamo okiside kw'imigozi ya glycoside hakoreshejwe peroxide ya hydrogen bishobora kugenzurwa ku rugero runaka, bigatuma imiyoboro ya selulose ihinduka neza kandi hagakorwa ibintu bikomoka ku bimera bifite imiterere yihariye.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibintu byinshi: Ibikomoka kuri selulosi bishongeshwa biva mu gushonga kwa hydrogen peroxide bishobora gukoreshwa mu nzego zitandukanye, harimo gukora lisansi ya biofuel, ibikoresho bikora, ibikoresho bya biomedical, no gutunganya amazi yanduye.
Imbogamizi n'icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza:
Nubwo ifite imiterere myiza, gushonga kwa cellulose hakoreshejwe hydrogen peroxide bihura n'imbogamizi nyinshi n'ahantu hakwiye kunozwa:
Guhitamo no gutanga umusaruro: Kubona umusaruro mwinshi w’ibikomoka kuri selulosi bishongeshwa hamwe n’ingaruka nke zikomeje kuba ikibazo, cyane cyane ku biryo by’ibinyabuzima birimo lignin na hemicellulose.
Kongera no Guhuza Ibikorwa: Kongera uburyo bwo gusenya cellulose bushingiye kuri hydrogen peroxide kugeza ku rwego rw'inganda bisaba gusuzuma neza imiterere y'imashini zitunganya uturemangingo, kugarura ibinyabutabire, n'intambwe zo gutunganya kugira ngo ubukungu bube bwiza kandi bukomeze kubungabungwa.
Iterambere rya Catalyst: Gutegura catalyst nziza zo gukoresha peroxide ya hydrogen no gutwika cellulose ni ingenzi mu kongera umuvuduko w'ibisubizo no guhitamo neza mu gihe bigabanya umubyimba wa catalyst n'ikorwa ry'ibikomoka ku bimera.
Guha agaciro ibikomoka ku bimera: Ingamba zo guha agaciro ibikomoka ku bimera biva mu gihe cyo gushonga kwa selulose hakoreshejwe hydrogen peroxide, nka aside carboxylic cyangwa isukari ya oligomeric, zishobora kongera uburyo bwo gukomeza no kurengera ubukungu bw'iyi gahunda.
Peroxide ya hydrogène ifite icyizere gikomeye nk'umusemburo w'icyatsi kibisi kandi ushobora gukoreshwa mu gushonga kwa cellulose, ikaba itanga ibyiza nko guhuza ibidukikije, imiterere yoroheje y'ingaruka, no gushonga mu buryo budasanzwe. Nubwo hari imbogamizi zikomeje, ubushakashatsi bugamije gusobanura uburyo bw'ibanze, kunoza ibipimo by'ingaruka, no gusuzuma uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha bizarushaho kunoza uburyo bwo gukora ibikorwa bishingiye kuri peroxide ya hydrogène mu gupima cellulose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 10 Mata 2024