Ikibazo cyihuse ku birebana na ether za cellulose

Eteri za selulosi ni itsinda ry’ibinyabutabire bitandukanye bikomoka kuri selulosi, ikaba ari yo polimeri y’umwimerere iboneka cyane ku Isi. Ibi binyabutabire byakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda zitandukanye bitewe n’imiterere yabyo yihariye n’uburyo bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye.

Imiterere n'Imiterere yaEteri za selulosi
Selulose, polysaccharide igizwe n'ibice bisubiramo bya glucose bihujwe n'imigozi ya glycosidic ya β (1 → 4), ikora nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'imiterere mu rukuta rw'uturemangingo tw'ibimera. Etha za selulose zikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa shimi bwo guhindura amatsinda ya hydroxyl (-OH) ari muri molekile ya selulose. Ubwoko busanzwe bwa etha za selulose burimo methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), na ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC).

Gusimbuza amatsinda ya hydroxyl muri cellulose n'amatsinda atandukanye y'imikorere bihindura imiterere ya ether za cellulose zikomokaho. Urugero, kwinjiza amatsinda ya methyl byongera ubushobozi bwo gushonga no gukora filime, bigatuma MC ikoreshwa mu miti, ibiryo, n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, gushyiramo amatsinda ya hydroxyethyl cyangwa hydroxypropyl byongera ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi, ubushobozi bwo gukuba, no gufatana, bigatuma HEC na HPC biba iby'agaciro mu bikoresho byo kwiyitaho, amarangi, n'ibindi bikoresho byo gufunga. Carboxymethyl cellulose, ikorwa hifashishijwe amatsinda ya hydroxyl n'amatsinda ya carboxymethyl, igaragaza ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi, gutuza no gukuba, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'ibiribwa, mu by'imiti, no mu byuma bicukura mu rwego rwa peteroli na gaze.

Igipimo cyo gusimbuza (DS), kigaragaza umubare mpuzandengo w'amatsinda ya hydroxyl yasimbuwe kuri buri gice cya glucose muri cellulose, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere ya ether za cellulose. Agaciro ka DS gakomeye gakunze gutuma habaho gushonga, ubushyuhe, no kudahungabana, ariko gusimbuza cyane bishobora kwangiza ubushobozi bwo kubora no kugira ibindi bintu byiza bya ether za cellulose.

Gukora Eteri za Selilulosi
Gutunganya eteri za selulosi bikubiyemo ibikorwa bya shimi byongera amatsinda asimbuye ku mugongo wa selulosi. Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo gukora eteri za selulosi ni uguhindura eteri za selulosi hakoreshejwe reagents zikwiye mu gihe hagenzuwe.

Urugero, gukora cellulose ya methyl bikunze kuba bikubiyemo gukorana kwa cellulose hamwe na hydroxides za alkali metal kugira ngo hakorwe cellulose ya alkali, hagakurikiraho kuvurwa na methyl chloride cyangwa dimethyl sulfate kugira ngo amatsinda ya methyl ashyirwe mu muyoboro wa cellulose. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, hydroxypropyl cellulose na hydroxyethyl cellulose bikorwa binyuze mu gukorana na cellulose na propylene oxide cyangwa ethylene oxide, mu gihe hari alkali catalysts.

Selulosi ya karboksimeti ikorwa binyuze mu gukorana kwa selulosi na hydroxide ya sodiyumu na aside chloroacetic cyangwa umunyu wayo wa sodiyumu. Uburyo bwo gukora carboksimeti bubera mu gusimbuza nucleophilic, aho itsinda rya hydroxyl rya selulosi rikorana na aside chloroacetic kugira ngo rikore linkage ya ether ya karboksimeti.

Gutunganya eteri za selulosi bisaba kugenzura neza imiterere y’ibisubizo, nk'ubushyuhe, pH, n'igihe cyo kubisubiza, kugira ngo hagerwe ku rugero rwifuzwa rwo gusimbuza n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, intambwe zo gutunganya akenshi zikoreshwa mu gukuraho ibikomoka ku bimera n'imyanda, kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwiza n'ubuziranenge bwa eteri za selulosi.

Imikoreshereze ya Ether za Cellulose
Eteri za selulosi zibona ikoreshwa ryagutse mu nganda zitandukanye bitewe n'imiterere yazo itandukanye n'imikorere yazo. Zimwe mu ngero z'ingenzi zirimo:

Inganda z'ibiribwa:Eteri za selulosinka carboxymethyl cellulose ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ibintu bikomeza ubushyuhe, ibitera imbaraga, n'ibitera imbaraga mu biryo nk'isosi, isosi, na ice cream. Binoza imiterere, ubushyuhe, no kugumana ubuziranenge mu gihe byongera uburyohe bwo mu kanwa no kurekura uburyohe.

Imiti: Methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl cellulose bikoreshwa cyane mu miti nk'ibifunga, ibicagagura, n'ibintu bigabanya ubukana mu binini, mu makapisule no mu miti ikoreshwa mu mubiri. Izi ether za cellulose zituma imiti itangwa neza, iboneka neza, kandi umurwayi akubahiriza amategeko.

Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi: Methyl cellulose na hydroxyethyl cellulose bikoreshwa mu nganda z'ubwubatsi nk'inyongera mu byuma bikozwe muri sima, plaster, na kole z'amatafari kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo gukora, kubika amazi, n'imiterere y'ubukode. Binoza guhuza, bigabanya gucika, kandi bikongera imikorere y'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi.

Ibikoresho byo kwiyitaho: Hydroxyethyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl cellulose ni ibintu bisanzwe mu bikoresho byo kwiyitaho nk'amashampu, amavuta yo kwisiga, n'amavuta yo kwisiga.

o ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukurura, gutuza no gukora firime. Binoza imiterere y'ibicuruzwa, imiterere yabyo, n'uburyo uruhu rusa neza mu gihe binongera ubushobozi bwo gukaraba.

Amarangi n'Irangi: Eteri za selulosi zikora nk'ihindura imiterere y'amaraso, ibirungo binini, n'ibikomeza mu marangi, ibirungo n'ibirungo, binoza imiterere y'ikoreshwa, imikorere y'amazi, no gukora firime. Binongera kugenzura ubushyuhe, kudacika intege, no kudahinduka kw'amabara mu birungo bishingiye ku mazi.

Inganda za peteroli na gaze: Selulosi ya karuboksimetili ikoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo guhindura ubushyuhe n'uburyo bwo kugenzura igihombo cy'amazi mu mazi acukurwa mu gushakisha no gukora peteroli na gaze. Ituma amazi acukurwa neza, isukura imyobo, kandi igatuma imiyoboro y'amazi iguma neza mu gihe irinda kwangirika kw'ibintu.

Inganda z'imyenda: Eteri za selulosi zikoreshwa mu gucapa imyenda, kuyisiga irangi, no kuyirangiza kugira ngo zongere ibisobanuro by'inyandiko, umusaruro w'amabara, no koroshya imyenda. Zifasha gukwirakwira kw'irangi, gufatana n'imigozi, no koza vuba mu myenda.

Eteri za selulosizihagarariye itsinda ry’ibinyabutabire bitandukanye bikomoka kuri selulosi, bitanga imiterere itandukanye n’imikorere myiza mu nganda zitandukanye. Binyuze mu guhindura imiti mu gice cy’umugongo cya selulosi, eteri za selulosi zigaragaza imiterere myiza nko gushonga kw’amazi, kugenzura ubushyuhe, no guhagarara neza, bigatuma ziba inyongeramusaruro z’agaciro mu nganda kuva ku biribwa n’imiti kugeza ku bwubatsi n’imyenda. Uko icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho birambye kandi bitangiza ibidukikije gikomeza kwiyongera, eteri za selulosi ziteguye kugira uruhare runini mu guhaza ibyifuzo by’inganda zigezweho mu gihe zigabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije.