Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kusunga madzi kwa ethers a cellulose

Ma ether a cellulose ndi gulu lofunika kwambiri la zinthu zosungunuka m'madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zomangamanga, mankhwala, chakudya, mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mafakitale ena. Pa ntchito yomanga (monga matope osakaniza owuma, guluu wa matailosi, ufa wa putty, ndi zina zotero), ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yomanga.ethers a cellulosendi kusunga kwake madzi, kutanthauza kuti, kumatha kusunga madzi mu dongosolo panthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti madzi asatuluke kapena kuyamwa mwachangu kwambiri, motero kuonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito omaliza a zinthuzo. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kusunga kwa madzi kwa ma cellulose ethers, makamaka kuphatikiza kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, kuchuluka kwa kusintha, kukhuthala, kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka, ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe.

1. Zinthu za ethers za cellulose zokha

Degree of Substitution (DS) ndi kufanana

Mlingo wa kusintha umatanthauza kuchuluka kwa magulu a hydroxyl m'mamolekyu a cellulose omwe amalowedwa m'malo ndi magulu a ether. Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa kusintha kukakhala kwakukulu, kuchuluka kwa ma ether a cellulose kumakhala kolimba komanso mphamvu yosungira madzi imakhala yabwino. Komabe, palinso mtengo wina wofunikira. Mtengo wokwera kwambiri umabweretsa kusungunuka kwambiri komanso mafuta ambiri, zomwe zidzakhudza kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu.

Kufanana kwa kusinthana n'kofunika kwambiri. Kusinthana kukakhala kofanana kwambiri, kapangidwe ka netiweki komwe kamapangidwa ndi cellulose ether m'madzi kamakhala kokhazikika, ndipo kumatha kutseka chinyezi bwino.

Kukhuthala

Kukhuthala kwa etha ya cellulose m'madzi kumakhudza mwachindunji "mphamvu yake yotsekera" ku chinyezi. Kawirikawiri, ma etha a cellulose okhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu (monga HPMC, HEMC, ndi zina zotero) amatha kupanga kapangidwe ka netiweki kolimba kwambiri, kuchepetsa liwiro la kusamuka kwa madzi, motero kumathandizira kusunga madzi. Komabe, kukhuthala kwakukulu kumakhudza momwe zinthuzo zimagwirira ntchito, monga kuwonjezeka kwa zovuta zomangira kapena kuphimba kosagwirizana.

Kulemera kwa maselo ndi digiri ya polymerization

Kulemera kwa mamolekyulu a cellulose ether kukakhala kwakukulu, kusakanikirana pakati pa zigawo za unyolo kumakhala kolimba, njira yothetsera colloidal yopangidwayo imakhala yolimba kwambiri, komanso kusungidwa kwa madzi kumakhala kolimba kwambiri. Komabe, pakufunika kulinganiza pakati pa kusunga madzi ambiri ndi kusungunuka mosavuta.

Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kufalikira kwake

Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ufa wosaphika wa cellulose ether kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwake ndi kufalikira kwake m'madzi. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tikakhala tating'ono, kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kumakhala kofulumira, ndipo kumakhala kosavuta kugawidwa mofanana muzinthuzo, motero kumakhala ndi gawo labwino pakusunga madzi. Komabe, ufa wosalala kwambiri ndi wosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi ndi kusonkhana panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito fomula ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi dongosolo

Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zowonjezera

Kuchuluka kwa ether ya cellulose yomwe yawonjezeredwa mu fomuyi kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito osungira madzi. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumawonjezeredwa kumawonjezeka, kusungira madzi kumawonjezeka kwambiri, koma pambuyo popitilira malire enaake, zotsatira zake zimakhala zokhutiritsa, ndipo zimakhudzanso mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito omanga.

Kuyamwa madzi kwa zinthu zina zopangira

Kuyamwa madzi kwa zinthu zopangira monga simenti, gypsum, mchenga, ndi zina zotero kudzakhudzanso kusunga madzi. Zipangizo zomwe zimayamwa madzi mwamphamvu zidzayamwa madzi mwachangu kuchokera mu dongosolo, kufulumizitsa kuumitsa, ndikupangitsa kuti mphamvu yosunga madzi ya cellulose ether ikhale yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mu mtundu uwu wa dongosolo, cellulose ether yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu kapena kuchuluka kowonjezera kumafunikira.

Chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi simenti (W/C)

Mu zipangizo zomangira, kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi simenti kumakhudzanso kusunga madzi kwa etha ya cellulose. Chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi simenti chikakhala chochepa, pamakhala madzi ochepa mu dongosolo, ndipo kuthamanga kwa madzi kwa etha ya cellulose kumakhala kwakukulu; chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi simenti chikakhala chachikulu, pamakhala madzi okwanira mu dongosolo, ndipo etha ya cellulose imatha kuchedwetsa kutaya madzi.

3. Zinthu zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe

Kutentha

Kukwera kwa kutentha kudzafulumizitsa kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka, ndikuyika patsogolo zofunikira zapamwamba pakusunga madzi kwa ether ya cellulose. Makamaka m'malo otentha ndi ouma, ngati magwiridwe antchito a ether ya cellulose sakusunga madzi, zimakhala zosavuta kupangitsa kuti matope, putty ndi zipangizo zina zomangira zisweke, ufa ndi mphamvu zosakwanira.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kusungunuka kwa ether ya cellulose pa kutentha kwakukulu kudzasinthanso, ndipo mitundu ina idzasungunuka ndi gel, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito yake yolamulira chinyezi.

Chinyezi ndi liwiro la mphepo

Chinyezi cha mpweya chikakhala chochepa komanso liwiro la mphepo likakhala lalikulu, madzi amatuluka mwachangu, ndipo dongosololi limatha kutaya madzi, zomwe zimafuna munthu wodziwa bwino ntchito yosunga madzi kuti athane nalo. Mu malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, madzi samakhala osavuta kutaya, ndipo mphamvu yosunga madzi ya cellulose ether ndi yochepa.

4. Zinthu zomangira

Kukhuthala ndi njira yogwirira ntchito

Kupaka kopyapyala kumakhala kosavuta kutaya madzi kuposa kukanda kopyapyala, kotero kapangidwe kake kopyapyala kumadalira kwambiri cellulose ether yokhala ndi madzi ambiri osungira. Nthawi yomweyo, kusakaniza kofanana, njira yopaka (yamakina kapena yamanja), kuchuluka kwa madzi olowa pansi, ndi zina zotero kudzakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito enieni a kusunga madzi.

Kumwa madzi kuchokera ku substrate

Mwachitsanzo, kuyamwa kwa madzi kwa zinthu monga njerwa, konkire, ndi gypsum boards n'kosiyana, zomwe zimakhudza kuthekera kwa cellulose ether kusunga madzi. Pamene substrate ikuyamwa kwambiri, imayamwa madzi mwachangu kuchokera mu matope, ndipo cellulose ether imafunika kupanga chotchinga chosunga madzi mwachangu.

TheKatundu wosunga madzi wa efa wa cellulosendi khalidwe lomwe limatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zingapo. Kapangidwe kake (monga kuchuluka kwa kusintha, kukhuthala, kukula kwa tinthu), malo ogwiritsira ntchito (kutentha, chinyezi, liwiro la mphepo) ndi njira yomangira (kuchuluka kowonjezera, chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi simenti, makhalidwe a zinthu zopangira) zidzakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe ake. Chifukwa chake, pogwiritsira ntchito, mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa ether ya cellulose ziyenera kusankhidwa moyenera malinga ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kapangidwe ka njira kuti zikwaniritse zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zosungira madzi ndi magwiridwe antchito omanga.