Ukusebenzisa i-cellulose njengempahla eluhlaza,I-CMC-Nayalungiswa ngezinyathelo ezimbili. Eyokuqala inqubo ye-alkalization ye-cellulose. I-cellulose ihlangana ne-sodium hydroxide ukuze ikhiqize i-alkali cellulose, bese i-alkali cellulose isabela ne-chloroacetic acid ukuze ikhiqize i-CMC-Na, ebizwa ngokuthi i-etherification.
Isistimu yokusabela kufanele ibe ne-alkaline. Le nqubo ingeyendlela ye-Williamson ether synthesis. Indlela yokusabela iwukushintshwa kwe-nucleophilic. Uhlelo lokusabela lune-alkaline, futhi luhambisana nokusabela okuthile okusemaceleni lapho kukhona amanzi, njenge-sodium glycolate, i-glycolic acid neminye imikhiqizo. Ngenxa yokuba khona kokusabela okuseceleni, ukusetshenziswa kwe-alkali ne-ejenti ye-etherification kuzokwenyuka, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukusebenza kahle kwe-etherification; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-sodium glycolate, i-glycolic acid nokunye ukungcola kukasawoti kungakhiqizwa ekuphenduleni okuseceleni, okubangela ukuhlanzeka nokusebenza kokuncipha komkhiqizo. Ukuze ucindezele ukusabela okuseceleni, akudingekile kuphela ukusebenzisa i-alkali ngendlela enengqondo, kodwa futhi nokulawula inani lesistimu yamanzi, ukugcwala kwe-alkali kanye nendlela yokunyakazisa ngenjongo yokwenziwa kwe-alkalization eyanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidingo zomkhiqizo ku-viscosity kanye nezinga lokufaka esikhundleni kufanele zicatshangelwe, futhi isivinini esishukumisayo nokushisa kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokugcwele. Ukulawula kanye nezinye izici, ukwandisa izinga le-etherification, futhi uvimbele ukwenzeka kokusabela ohlangothini.
Ngokusho kwemidiya ehlukene ye-etherification, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ze-CMC-Na kungahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: indlela esekelwe emanzini kanye nendlela esekelwe ku-solvent. Indlela yokusebenzisa amanzi njengendlela yokusabela ibizwa ngokuthi indlela ye-water medium, esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-alkaline medium and low-grade CMC-Na. Indlela yokusebenzisa i-organic solvent njengendlela yokusabela ibizwa ngokuthi indlela ye-solvent, elungele ukukhiqizwa kwe-CMC-Na ephakathi nendawo nephezulu. Lokhu kusabela okubili kwenziwa ku-kneader, okuyingxenye yenqubo yokuxova futhi okwamanje iyindlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza i-CMC-Na.
Indlela ye-Water medium:
Indlela ethwala amanzi iyinqubo yokukhiqiza yezimboni yangaphambili, okuwukusabela i-alkali cellulose kanye ne-etherification ejenti ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkali namanzi amahhala. Ngesikhathi se-alkalization kanye ne-etherification, ayikho i-organic medium ohlelweni. Izidingo zemishini yendlela yemidiya yamanzi zilula, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Ububi ukuntuleka kwenani elikhulu le-liquid medium, ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukusabela kwandisa izinga lokushisa, kusheshisa isivinini sokusabela ohlangothini, kuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-etherification, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ompofu. Indlela isetshenziselwa ukulungisa imikhiqizo ye-CMC-Na ephakathi nendawo nesezingeni eliphansi, njengezihlanzi, izinsimbi zokulinganisa izindwangu nokunye okunjalo.
Indlela yokuncibilikisa:
Indlela ye-solvent ibizwa nangokuthi indlela ye-organic solvent, futhi isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi ukusabela kwe-alkalization kanye ne-etherification kwenziwa ngaphansi kwesimo se-solvent ephilayo njenge-reaction medium (i-diluent). Ngokwenani le-diluent esebenzayo, ihlukaniswe ngendlela yokuxova kanye nendlela yodaka. Indlela ye-solvent iyafana nenqubo yokusabela yendlela yamanzi, futhi futhi iqukethe izigaba ezimbili ze-alkalization kanye ne-etherification, kodwa indlela yokusabela yalezi zigaba ezimbili ihlukile. Indlela ye-solvent isindisa inqubo yokucwiliswa kwe-alkali, ukucindezela, ukuchoboza, ukuguga nokunye okungokwemvelo endleleni yamanzi, futhi i-alkalization kanye ne-etherification konke kwenziwa ku-kneader. Okubi ukuthi izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, futhi isidingo sesikhala nezindleko ziphezulu. Yiqiniso, ukukhiqizwa kwezakhiwo ezahlukene zemishini, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuqinile izinga lokushisa lesistimu, isikhathi sokudla, njll, ukuze imikhiqizo enekhwalithi enhle kakhulu nokusebenza ingalungiswa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-25-2024