Icutshungulwa kanjani i-cellulose?

Ukucubungula i-cellulose kuhilela izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuyikhipha nokuyicwenga emithonjeni yayo yemvelo, ikakhulukazi izitshalo. I-Cellulose, i-polysaccharide, yakha ingxenye yesakhiwo sezindonga zamangqamuzana ezitshalweni futhi iyi-polymer ephilayo eningi kakhulu Emhlabeni. Ukucutshungulwa kwayo kubalulekile ezimbonini ezisukela kwezephepha nezindwangu kuya kwezokudla nezokuthaka imithi.

1. Ukuthola Izinto Ezisetshenziswayo:

I-Cellulose ngokuyinhloko itholakala ezitshalweni, ngokhuni nokotini okuyimithombo evame kakhulu. Eminye imithombo ihlanganisa i-hemp, i-flax, i-jute, nolunye ulwelwe. Izitshalo ezahlukene zinokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose okuhlukahlukene, okuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha nokucubungula.

2. Ukwelashwa Ngaphambili:

Ngaphambi kokukhipha i-cellulose, izinto zokusetshenziswa zithola ukwelashwa kwangaphambili ukuze zisuse izingxenye ezingezona i-cellulosic njenge-lignin, i-hemicellulose, ne-pectin. Lesi sinyathelo sithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha i-cellulose. Izindlela zokwelapha kusengaphambili zihlanganisa ukugaya ngemishini, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali (isb., i-asidi noma i-alkali hydrolysis), kanye nezinqubo zebhayoloji (isb., ukugaya kwe-enzymatic).

3. Ukukhishwa kweCellulose:

Uma isilungisiwe, i-cellulose ikhishwa esitshalweni. Izindlela eziningana zisetshenziselwa le njongo:

Izindlela zeMechanical: Izindlela zemishini zibandakanya ukudilizwa kwesitshalo ukuze kukhishwe imicu ye-cellulose. Lokhu kungafaka ukugaya, ukugaya, noma ukucindezela.

Izindlela Zekhemikhali: Izindlela zamakhemikhali zibandakanya ukwelapha impahla yesitshalo ngamakhemikhali ukuze incibilike noma inciphise izakhi ezingezona i-cellulosic, kusale ngemuva i-cellulose. I-Acid hydrolysis kanye nokwelashwa kwe-alkaline kuyizindlela zamakhemikhali ezivame ukusetshenziswa.

Izindlela ze-Enzymatic: Izindlela ze-Enzymatic zisebenzisa ama-enzyme e-cellulase ukwephula i-cellulose ibe ushukela wayo. Le nqubo ikhetha kakhulu futhi ihambisana nemvelo uma iqhathaniswa nezindlela zamakhemikhali.

4. Ukucwenga kanye nokucwengwa:

Uma isikhishiwe, i-cellulose iyahlanzwa futhi icwengisiswe ukuze isuse ukungcola futhi izuze izici ezidingekayo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuwashwa, ukucwenga, kanye nokufaka phakathi nendawo ukuze kuhlukaniswe imicu ye-cellulose kumakhemikhali ayinsalela noma ezinye izingxenye.

5. Ukwakhiwa kanye Nokucubungula:

Ngemva kokuhlanzwa, i-cellulose ingacutshungulwa ibe amafomu ahlukahlukene kuye ngokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani. Amafomu ajwayelekile afaka:

I-Pulp: I-Cellulose pulp isetshenziswa embonini yephepha namakhadibhodi. Ingenziwa i-bleach ukuze ifinyelele amazinga ahlukene okukhanya.

Imicu: Imicu ye-cellulose isetshenziswa ezindwangu nasezimpahleni. Angaphothwa abe yintambo futhi alukwe abe izindwangu.

Amafilimu namaMembranes: I-Cellulose ingacutshungulwa ibe amafilimu amancane noma ulwelwesi olusetshenziswa ekufakweni, ekusetshenzisweni kwe-biomedical, nasekuhlungeni.

I-Chemical Derivatives: I-Cellulose ingashintshwa amakhemikhali ukuze ikhiqize okuphuma kokunye okunezici ezithile. Izibonelo zifaka i-cellulose acetate (esetshenziswa efilimini yezithombe nezindwangu) kanye ne-carboxymethyl cellulose (esetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokudla nasezikhemisi).

I-Nanocellulose: I-Nanocellulose ibhekisela kumafayibha e-cellulose noma amakristalu anobukhulu be-nanoscale. Inezakhiwo ezihlukile futhi isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene ezithuthukile njengama-nanocomposites, izinto ze-biomedical, kanye ne-electronics.

6. Izicelo:

I-cellulose ecutshunguliwe ithola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene kuzo zonke izimboni:

Iphepha Nokupakishwa: I-Cellulose iyimpahla eluhlaza eyinhloko ekukhiqizeni iphepha, amakhadibhodi, nezinto zokupakisha.

Izindwangu: Ukotini, umthombo we-cellulose, usetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yendwangu yezingubo, izindwangu zasekhaya, nezindwangu zezimboni.

Ukudla Nemithi: Okuphuma ku-cellulose kusetshenziswa njengama-thieners, stabilizers, nama-emulsifiers emikhiqizweni yokudla kanye nokwakhiwa kwemithi.

Izicelo Ze-Biomedical: Izinto ezisekelwe ku-cellulose zisetshenziselwa ukubopha amanxeba, izikafula zobunjiniyela bezicubu, amasistimu okulethwa kwezidakamizwa, kanye nezifakelo zezokwelapha.

Ukulungiswa Kwemvelo: Izinto ezisekelwe ku-cellulose zingasetshenziselwa izinjongo zokulungisa imvelo, njengokuhlanza amanzi nokuhlanza ukuchitheka kukawoyela.

Amandla Avuselelekayo: I-cellulose biomass ingaguqulwa ibe ama-biofuels afana ne-ethanol ngezinqubo ezifana nokuvutshelwa kanye ne-enzymatic hydrolysis.

7. Ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo:

Ukucubungula i-cellulose kunemithelela yemvelo, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali namandla. Imizamo iyaqhubeka yokuthuthukisa izindlela zokucubungula ezisimeme kakhudlwana, ezifana nokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali, nokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezivaliwe zokugaywa kabusha kwamanzi namakhemikhali.

8. Amathrendi Akusasa:

Amathrendi esikhathi esizayo ekucutshungulweni kwe-cellulose ahlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe ezinezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe, njengamapulasitiki abolayo, izindwangu ezihlakaniphile, nama-nanocomposites. Kukhona futhi nentshisekelo ekhulayo yokusebenzisa i-cellulose njengenye indlela evuselelekayo neqhubekayo kuzinto ezisekelwe ezinsalela ezimbilweni ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo.

ukucutshungulwa kwe-cellulose kuhilela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo, okuhlanganisa ukukhipha, ukuhlanzwa, nokwakheka, ukukhiqiza uhla lwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene enezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni ezisabalele. Imizamo yokuthuthukisa izindlela zokucubungula nokuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha ezisekelwe ku-cellulose iqhuba intuthuko kulo mkhakha, kugxilwe ekusimameni nasekubophezeleni kwemvelo.