Ukwakheka kwezitshalo zokusetshenziswa

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo, kodwa ukwakheka kwazo okuyisisekelo kunomehluko omncane, ikakhulukazi ezakhiwe ushukela kanye nokungewona ushukela.

. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo ezihlukene zinokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwengxenye ngayinye. Okulandelayo kwethula kafushane izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo:

I-cellulose ether, i-lignin ne-hemicellulose.

1.3 Ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwempahla yezitshalo

1.3.1.1 Iselulosi

I-Cellulose iyi-polysaccharide ye-macromolecular eyakhiwe nge-D-glucose ene-β-1,4 glycosidic bond. Yiwona omdala futhi ogcwele kakhulu emhlabeni.

I-polymer yemvelo. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kuvame ukumelelwa yifomula yesakhiwo sase-Haworth kanye nefomula yesakhiwo sokuvumelana kwesitulo, lapho n kuyizinga le-polysaccharide polymerization.

I-Cellulose Carbohydrate Xylan

i-arabinoxylan

i-glucuronide xylan

i-glucuronide arabinoxylan

i-glucomannan

I-Galactoglucomannan

i-arabinogalactan

Isitashi, i-pectin nezinye ushukela oncibilikayo

izingxenye ezingezona ze-carbohydrate

lignin

Khipha ama-Lipids, ama-Lignols, ama-Nitrogenous Compounds, ama-Inorganic Compounds

IHemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose

Ama-terpenes, ama-resin acid, ama-fatty acids, ama-sterols, ama-aromatic compounds, ama-tannins

impahla yezitshalo

1.4 Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-cellulose

1.3.1.2 Lignin

Iyunithi eyisisekelo ye-lignin yi-phenylpropane, ebese ixhunywa ngamabhondi e-CC namabhondi e-ether.

uhlobo lwe-polymer. Esakhiweni sesitshalo, ungqimba lwe-intercellular luqukethe i-lignin kakhulu,

Okuqukethwe kwe-intracellular kwehlile, kodwa okuqukethwe kwe-lignin kwanda kungqimba yangaphakathi yodonga lwesibili. Njengento ye-intercellular, i-lignin ne-hemifibrils

Ndawonye agcwalisa phakathi kwemicu emihle yodonga lwamaseli, ngaleyo ndlela aqinise udonga lwamangqamuzana ezicubu zesitshalo.

1.5 I-Lignin structural monomers, ngokulandelana: i-p-hydroxyphenylpropane, i-guaiacyl propane, i-syringyl propane ne-coniferyl alcohol

1.3.1.3 I-Hemicellulose

Ngokungafani ne-lignin, i-hemicellulose iyi-heteropolymer eyakhiwe izinhlobo eziningana zama-monosaccharides. Ngokusho kwalaba

Izinhlobo zikashukela kanye nokuba khona noma ukungabi khona kwamaqembu e-acyl kungahlukaniswa nge-glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid) -xylan,

I-Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, njll.

Amaphesenti angu-50 ezicubu zokhuni i-xylan, engaphezulu kwe-cellulose microfibrils futhi ixhumene nemicu.

Bakha inethiwekhi yamaseli axhumeke ngokuqinile kwamanye.

1.4 Inhloso yocwaningo, ukubaluleka kanye nokuqukethwe okusemqoka kwalesi sihloko

1.4.1 Inhloso kanye nokubaluleka kocwaningo

Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukukhetha izinhlobo ezintathu ezimele ngokuhlaziywa kwezingxenye zezitshalo ezithile zokusetshenziswa.

I-cellulose ikhishwa ezintweni zezitshalo. Khetha i-ejenti ye-etherifying efanelekile, bese usebenzisa i-cellulose ekhishiwe esikhundleni sikakotini ozofakwa etherified futhi ulungiswe ukuze ulungiselele i-fiber.

I-Vitamin ether. I-cellulose ether elungisiwe yasetshenziswa ekunyatheliseni udayi osebenzayo, futhi ekugcineni imiphumela yokuphrinta yaqhathaniswa ukuze uthole okwengeziwe.

Ama-cellulose ether wokunamathisela odayi osebenzayo.

Okokuqala nje, ucwaningo lwalesi sihloko seluyixazulule inkinga yokusetshenziswa kabusha nokungcoliswa kwemvelo kwemfucuza yezitshalo ngokwezinga elithile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indlela entsha yengezwa emthonjeni we-cellulose. Okwesibili, i-sodium chloroacetate enobuthi obuncane ne-2-chloroethanol isetshenziswa njengama-etherifying agents,

Esikhundleni se-chloroacetic acid enobuthi obukhulu, i-cellulose ether yalungiswa futhi yafakwa endwangu kakotini esebenzayo yokuphrinta udayi, kanye ne-sodium alginate.

Ucwaningo mayelana nokuthatha indawo esikhundleni kunezinga elithile lesiqondiso, futhi lunokubaluleka okukhulu okusebenzayo kanye nenani lereferensi.

I-Fiber Wall Lignin Encibilikisiwe I-Lignin Macromolecules I-Cellulose

9

1.4.2 Okuqukethwe kocwaningo

1.4.2.1 Ukukhishwa kwe-cellulose ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zezitshalo

Okokuqala, izingxenye zezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ziyalinganiswa futhi zihlaziywe, bese kukhethwa izinto zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo ezintathu ezimele ukuze kukhishwe i-fiber.

Amavithamini. Khona-ke, inqubo yokukhipha i-cellulose yathuthukiswa ngokwelashwa okuphelele kwe-alkali ne-asidi. Ekugcineni, UV

I-Absorption spectroscopy, i-FTIR ne-XRD yasetshenziswa ukuhlobanisa imikhiqizo.

1.4.2.2 Ukulungiswa kwama-cellulose ethers

Kusetshenziswa i-pine wood cellulose njengento eluhlaza, yafakwa ngaphambili nge-alkali egxilile, kwase kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-orthogonal kanye nokuhlolwa kwesici esisodwa.

Izinqubo zokulungiselela zeI-CMC, I-HECkanye ne-HECMC yathuthukiswa ngokulandelana.

Ama-cellulose ether alungisiwe ayephawulwa yi-FTIR, H-NMR ne-XRD.

1.4.2.3 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether paste

Izinhlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers kanye ne-sodium alginate zasetshenziswa njengama-paste okuqala, futhi izinga lokunamathisela lokunamathisela, umthamo wokubamba amanzi kanye nokuhambisana kwamakhemikhali ama-pastes okuqala ahlolwe.

Izici eziyisisekelo zokunamathisela ezine zangempela zaqhathaniswa maqondana nezakhiwo nokuzinza kwesitoreji.

Usebenzisa izinhlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers kanye ne-sodium alginate njengokunamathisela kwangempela, lungiselela ukunamathisela kombala wokuphrinta, wenze ukuphrinta kodayi osebenzayo, dlula itafula lokuhlola.

Isilinganiso sokuthathui-cellulose ethers futhi

Ukuphrinta izakhiwo ze-sodium alginate.

1.4.3 Amaphuzu amasha ocwaningo

(1) Ukuguqula imfucumfucu ibe umcebo, ukukhipha i-cellulose ehlanzekile emfucumfucwini yezitshalo, enezela emthonjeni we-cellulose

Indlela entsha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngezinga elithile, ixazulula inkinga yokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezitshalo ezingcolile kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo; futhi kuthuthukisa i-fiber

Indlela yokukhipha.

(2) Ukuhlolwa kanye nezinga lokushintshwa kwe-cellulose etherifying ejenti, evame ukusetshenziswa etherifying njenge-chloroacetic acid (inobuthi kakhulu), i-ethylene oxide (okubangela

Umdlavuza), njll. ziyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu kanye nemvelo. Kuleli phepha, i-sodium chloroacetate ne-2-chloroethanol ehambisana nemvelo isetshenziswa njengama-etherification agents.

Esikhundleni se-chloroacetic acid ne-ethylene oxide, kulungiswa ama-cellulose ethers. (3) I-cellulose ether etholiwe isetshenziswa ekuphrinteni udayi wendwangu kakotini osebenzayo, ohlinzeka ngesisekelo esithile socwaningo lwama-substitutes e-sodium alginate.

Bukela ku.