ICarboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) yipolima enyibilikayo emanzini ephuma kwiselulosi, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yepolymer emhlabeni. I-CMC iveliswa kukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali zeselulosi, ngokwesiqhelo ukusuka kwintlama yomthi okanye iilitha zomqhaphu. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiintlobo ezininzi zezicelo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa, kuquka ukukwazi ukwenza izisombululo ze-viscous kunye neegels, amandla ayo okubopha amanzi, kunye nokubola kwayo.
Ulwakhiwo lweMichiza kunye neMveliso
Ubume bekhemikhali be-CMC buqukethe i-cellulose backbones kunye namaqela e-carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH) eqhotyoshelwe kwamanye amaqela e-hydroxyl (-OH) kwi-glucose monomers. Le nkqubo yokutshintshwa ibandakanya ukunyanga i-cellulose nge-chloroacetic acid kwi-alkaline medium, ekhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. I-degree of substitution (DS) ibhekiselele kwi-avareji yenani lamaqela e-hydroxyl kwiyunithi ye-glucose eye yatshintshwa ngamaqela e-carboxymethyl, kunye ne-DS ye-0.4 ukuya kwi-1.4 eqhelekileyo kwizicelo ezininzi.
Inkqubo yemveliso yeCMC ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi:
I-Alkalization: I-Cellulose iphathwa ngesiseko esomeleleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-sodium hydroxide, ukwenza i-alkali cellulose.
I-Etherification: I-alkali cellulose iphinda ithathwe kunye ne-chloroacetic acid, ibangele ukutshintshwa kwamaqela e-hydroxyl ngamaqela e-carboxymethyl.
Ukuhlanjululwa: I-CMC ekrwada iyahlanjwa kwaye ihlanjululwe ukuze isuse imveliso kunye neerejenti ezingaphezulu.
Ukomisa kunye nokugaya: I-CMC ecocekileyo yomiswe kwaye igayiwe ukufumana ubungakanani obufunwayo.
Iipropati
I-CMC yaziwa ngeepropathi zayo ezikhethekileyo, eziyenza ibe luncedo kumashishini ahlukeneyo:
Ukunyibilika kwamanzi: I-CMC inyibilika ngokulula emanzini, yenze izisombululo ezicacileyo nezibonakalayo.
I-Viscosity Modulation: I-viscosity yezisombululo ze-CMC inokulungelelaniswa ngokutshintsha i-concentration kunye ne-molecular weight, iyenze ibe luncedo ekuxubeni nasekuzinziseni.
Ukwenziwa kwefilimu: Inokwenza iifilimu ezinamandla, eziguquguqukayo xa zomisiwe kwisisombululo.
Iipropati ezincamathelayo: I-CMC ibonisa iimpawu ezintle zokuncamathelisa, eziluncedo kwizicelo ezifana nokuncamathelisa kunye nokwaleka.
I-Biodegradability: Ithatyathwe kwi-cellulose yendalo, i-CMC iyakwazi ukubola, iyenza ikhuseleke kokusingqongileyo.
Ishishini lokutya
I-CMC isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesongezo sokutya (E466) ngenxa yokukwazi ukuguqula i-viscosity kunye nokuzinzisa i-emulsions kwiimveliso zokutya ezahlukeneyo. Isebenza njenge-thickener, i-stabilizer, kunye ne-emulsifier kwiimveliso ezifana ne-ayisikrimu, iimveliso zobisi, izinto zokubhaka, kunye nokunxitywa kwesaladi. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-ayisikrimu, i-CMC inceda ukuthintela ukubunjwa kweekristale zomkhenkce, kubangele ukuthungwa okulula.
Amachiza kunye neZithambiso
Kumashishini amayeza, i-CMC isetyenziswa njenge-binder kwiipilisi, i-disintegrant, kunye ne-viscosity enhancer kwi-suspensions kunye ne-emulsions. Ikwasebenza njengesizinzisi kwizinto zokuthambisa, iikhrimu, kunye neejeli kushishino lwezithambiso. Ubume bayo obungenabuthi kunye nokungathukutheli kwenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezi mveliso.
Iphepha kunye neMiqhaphu
I-CMC iqeshwe kushishino lwephepha njenge-arhente yokulinganisa ukuphucula amandla kunye nokuprintwa kwephepha. Kwimpahla, isetyenziswe njenge-ejenti yokuqina kwiinkqubo zokudaya kwaye njengenxalenye ye-textile yokushicilela i-pastes, ukuphucula ukufana kunye nomgangatho wokuprinta.
Izicoci kunye neearhente zokucoca
Kwi-detergents, i-CMC isebenza njenge-arhente yokumisa umhlaba, ikhusela ukungcola ekubuyiseleni kwakhona kwiilaphu ngexesha lokuhlamba. Ikwaphucula ukusebenza kwee-detergents zamanzi ngokunyusa i-viscosity yazo kunye nokuzinza.
Ukugrunjwa kwe-oyile kunye neMigodi
I-CMC isetyenziselwa ulwelo lwe-oyile yokomba ukulawula i-viscosity kunye ne-rheology modifier ukugcina ukuzinza kodaka lokomba, ukuthintela ukudilika kwamabhore kunye nokuququzelela ukususwa kokusika. Kwimigodi, isetyenziswe njenge-agent ye-flotation kunye ne-flocculant.
Ulwakhiwo kunye neeCeramics
Kushishino lokwakha, i-CMC isetyenziswa kwimixube yesamente nodaka ukuphucula ugcino lwamanzi kunye nokusebenza. Kwi-ceramics, isebenza njenge-binder kunye ne-plasticizer kwi-paste ye-ceramic, ukuphucula ukubunjwa kwabo kunye nokumisa iimpawu.
Iingqwalasela zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko
I-CMC ngokubanzi ithathwa njengekhuselekile (GRAS) ngamagunya alawulayo afana ne-FDA. Ayinatyhefu, ayinayo i-allergenic, kwaye i-biodegradable, iyenza ihambelane nokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokuvelisa ibandakanya iikhemikhali ekufuneka ziphathwe ngononophelo ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwendalo. Ukulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuphathwa kwenkunkuma kubalulekile ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
Izinto ezintsha kunye nezikhokelo zexesha elizayo
Inkqubela phambili yakutsha nje kwicandelo le-CMC ibandakanya uphuhliso lwe-CMC elungisiweyo enezakhiwo eziphuculweyo zezicelo ezithile. Umzekelo, i-CMC enobunzima bemolekyuli obulungiselelweyo kunye nenqanaba lokutshintsha inokubonelela ngentsebenzo ephuculweyo kwiinkqubo zokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi okanye njengezinto zokupakisha ezisekwe kwibhayoloji. Ukongezelela, uphando oluqhubekayo luhlola ukusetyenziswa kwe-CMC kwiindawo ezintsha ezifana nobunjineli bezicubu kunye ne-bioprinting, apho i-biocompatibility yayo kunye nobuchule bokwenza i-gel bunokuba luncedo kakhulu.
ICarboxymethyl cellulose yimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo nexabisekileyo enoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo. Iimpawu zayo ezizodwa, ezibandakanya ukunyibilika kwamanzi, i-viscosity modulation, kunye ne-biodegradability, yenza ukuba ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kwiimveliso ezininzi. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kwimveliso kunye nohlengahlengiso, i-CMC ikulungele ukudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kumasimi emveli kunye nesahlumayo, inegalelo kwinkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kunye neenzame zozinzo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-06-2024