Zeziphi ezona mathiriyeli ziphambili zeselulosi?

Iselulosi, enye yezona zinto zininzi kakhulu ze-organic compounds eMhlabeni, isebenza njengenxalenye yesakhiwo esisisiseko kwiindonga zeseli zezityalo. Le polysaccharide entsonkothileyo iqulunqwe ziiyunithi eziphinda-phindayo zeemolekyuli zeglucose ezidityaniswe kunye, zenza amatyathanga amade. Ezona zixhobo ziphambili zokuvelisa i-cellulose zivela kwimithombo yezityalo, ikakhulu i-pulp yomthi, umqhaphu, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeentsalela zezolimo.

Intlaka yeenkuni:
I-Wood pulp yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yemathiriyeli ekrwada yokuveliswa kweselulosi, ibalwa njengenxalenye enkulu yemveliso yeselulosi yehlabathi. Ifunyanwa kwimicu yomthi, ikakhulu ithathwe kwi-softwood kunye nemithi yomthi oqinileyo. Imithi ye-Softwood efana nepine, i-spruce, kunye ne-fir iyathandwa ngenxa yeentsinga zabo ezinde kunye nomxholo ophezulu we-cellulose, ozenza zilungele ukuveliswa kwe-pulp. Imithi yomthi oqinileyo efana ne-birch, i-eucalyptus, kunye ne-oki nayo iyasetyenziswa, nangona iindlela zokusetyenzwa ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yeentsinga zazo ezimfutshane kunye nokwahluka kweekhemikhali.

I-pulp yokhuni ikhutshwa ngoluhlu lweenkqubo zoomatshini kunye neekhemikhali. Ekuqaleni, izigodo zihlanjululwa kwaye zinqunywe zibe ziincinci ezincinci. Ezi chips ziphantsi komatshini wokusila okanye unyango lwekhemikhali ukwahlula imicu yeselulosi kwamanye amacandelo afana ne-lignin kunye ne-hemicellulose. Ipulp evelayo iye ihlanjwe, ifakwe ibleach, kwaye icocwe ukufumana umgangatho ofunekayo weselulosi kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.

Umqhaphu:
Umqhaphu, ifayibha yendalo efunyenwe kwimbewu yesityalo somqhaphu, ngomnye umthombo obalulekileyo weselulosi. Ikakhulu yenziwe ngeselulosi esulungekileyo, ene-lignin encinci kunye nomxholo we-hemicellulose. Iselulosi yomqhaphu idume ngokusulungeka kunye nokomelela kwayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ixabiseke kakhulu ekuveliseni iimveliso zeselulosi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinje ngamalaphu, iphepha, kunye nezinto eziphuma kwiselulosi.

Inkqubo yokukhupha i-cellulose kumqhaphu ibandakanya ukwahlula iifiber kwimbewu yomqhaphu kunye nobunye ukungcola ngokusebenzisa uthotho lwe-ginning, ukucoca, kunye ne-carding process. Iziphumo zecotton fibers zicutshungulwa ngakumbi ukususa nakuphi na ukungcola okuseleyo kunye nokucokisa i-cellulose kwizicelo ezithile.

Iintsalela zezoLimo:
Iintsalela zezolimo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka iindiza, ingxowa, izitovu zombona, amaxolo erayisi, neswekile, zisetyenziswa njengezinye iindlela zokwenza icellulose. Ezi ntsalela ziyimveliso yeenkqubo zezolimo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-cellulose, i-hemicellulose, i-lignin, kunye nezinye iikhompawundi eziphilayo. Ukusebenzisa iintsalela zezolimo ukuvelisa i-cellulose kubonelela ngeenzuzo zokusingqongileyo ngokunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezivuselelekayo.

Ukutsalwa kwe-cellulose kwiintsalela zezolimo kubandakanya iinkqubo ezifanayo kwimveliso ye-pulp yamaplanga, kubandakanywa ukunciphisa ubungakanani, unyango lwekhemikhali, kunye nokusulungekiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokwakhiwa kweentsalela zezolimo zinokwahluka kwimithi, kufuneke uhlengahlengiso kwiiparamitha zokucubungula ukunyusa isivuno seselulosi kunye nomgangatho.

I-algae:
Ngelixa ingasetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengentlama yomthi, umqhaphu, okanye iintsalela zezolimo, iintlobo ezithile zealgae zineselulosi kwaye ziye zaphononongwa njengemithombo enokubakho yemveliso yeselulosi. I-algal cellulose ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezifana namazinga okukhula ngokukhawuleza, umxholo weselulosi ephezulu, kunye neemfuno ezincinci zomhlaba kunye namanzi xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo ezisemhlabeni.

Ukukhupha i-cellulose kwi-algae ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukudiliza iindonga zeseli ukukhulula iifayibha zeselulosi, kulandele ukucocwa kunye nokucubungula ukufumana izinto ezisebenzisekayo zeselulosi. Uphando kwimveliso ye-cellulose esekelwe kwi-algae iyaqhubeka, ijolise ekuphuhliseni iindlela ezizinzileyo kunye nezoqoqosho zokuvelisa imveliso enkulu.

eyona mathiriyeli ekrwada yeiselulosizibandakanya i-pulp yamaplanga, umqhaphu, iintsalela zezolimo, kwaye, kwinqanaba elingaphantsi, iintlobo ezithile ze-algae. Ezi zixhobo eziluhlaza zihamba ngamanyathelo ahlukeneyo okucubungula ukukhupha kunye nokucokisa i-cellulose, esebenza njengenxalenye eguquguqukayo kunye neyimfuneko kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zoshishino kunye nezorhwebo, kubandakanywa ukwenza amaphepha, amalaphu, amayeza, iimveliso zokutya, kunye ne-biofuels. Ukukhangela okuzinzileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokwenza izinto ezintsha buqhubela phambili ukuqhubela phambili kwimveliso yeselulosi, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa okunokubakho kobu butyebi bendalo buxabisekileyo.