Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziluhlaza zezityalo, kodwa ukubunjwa kwazo okusisiseko kunomahluko omncinci, ubukhulu becala benziwe ngeswekile kunye neswekile.
. Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo zinemixholo eyahlukeneyo yecandelo ngalinye. Oku kulandelayo kwazisa ngokufutshane amacandelo amathathu aphambili ezinto ezikrwada zezityalo:
Iselulosi ether, lignin kunye ne-hemicellulose.
1.3 Ukwakheka okusisiseko kwemathiriyeli ekrwada yezityalo
1.3.1.1 ISelulosi
I-Cellulose yi-macromolecular polysaccharide eyenziwe nge-D-glucose ene-β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Yeyona indala neninzi emhlabeni.
Ipolymer yendalo. Ulwakhiwo lwalo lweekhemikhali ludla ngokumelwa yifomyula yesakhiwo saseHaworth kunye ne-chair conformation structural formula, apho n iqondo lepolysaccharide polymerization.
Iselulosi yeCarbohydrate Xylan
iarabinoxylan
iglucuronide xylan
iglucuronide arabinoxylan
iglucomannan
IGalactoglucomannan
i-arabinogalactan
Isitatshi, i-pectin kunye nezinye iiswekile ezinyibilikayo
amacandelo angekho-carbohydrate
lignin
Extract Lipids, Lignols, Compounds Nitrogenous, Inorganic Compounds
IHemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose
Terpenes, resin acids, fatty acids, sterols, iikhompawundi ezinevumba elimnandi, tannins
impahla yesityalo
1.4 Isakhiwo sekhemikhali seselulosi
1.3.1.2 Lignin
Iyunithi esisiseko ye-lignin yi-phenylpropane, ethi ke idibaniswe ngamabhondi e-CC kunye neebhondi ze-ether.
uhlobo lwepolymer. Kwisakhiwo sesityalo, i-intercellular layer iqulethe eyona lignin,
Umxholo we-intracellular wehla, kodwa umxholo we-lignin wanda kwinqanaba langaphakathi kwindonga yesibini. Njenge-intercellular substance, i-lignin kunye ne-hemifibrils
Ngokudibeneyo bagcwalisa phakathi kweentsinga ezintle zodonga lweseli, ngaloo ndlela zomeleza udonga lweseli yezicubu zesityalo.
1.5 Iimonomers zesakhiwo se-Lignin, ngokulandelelana: i-p-hydroxyphenylpropane, i-guaiacyl propane, i-syringyl propane kunye ne-coniferyl alcohol
1.3.1.3 IHemicellulose
Ngokungafaniyo ne-lignin, i-hemicellulose yi-heteropolymer eyenziwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-monosaccharides. Ngokutsho kwezi
Iindidi zeeswekile kunye nobukho okanye ukungabikho kwamaqela e-acyl kunokwahlulwa kwi-glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid) -xylan,
I-Galactosyl glucomannan, i-4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, i-arabinosyl galactan, njl.
Amashumi amahlanu ekhulwini eepesenti zomthi yixylan, ephezu kwe-cellulose microfibrils kwaye idityaniswe nemicu.
Benza uthungelwano lweeseli ezidityaniswe ngokuqinileyo enye kwenye.
1.4 Injongo yophando, ukubaluleka kunye nomxholo ophambili wesi sihloko
1.4.1 Injongo kunye nokubaluleka kophando
Injongo yolu phando kukukhetha iintlobo ezintathu zabameli ngokuhlalutya amacandelo ezinto ezikrwada zezityalo.
I-cellulose ikhutshwe kwizinto zezityalo. Khetha i-ejenti efanelekileyo ye-etherifying, kwaye usebenzise i-cellulose ekhutshiweyo ukubuyisela umqhaphu ukuze uhlanjululwe kwaye uguqulwe ukulungiselela ifayibha.
Vitamin ether. I-ether ye-cellulose elungisiweyo yafakwa kushicilelo lwedayi esebenzayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni iziphumo zokushicilela zathelekiswa ukufumana ngakumbi.
I-Cellulose ethers ye-reactive day printing paste.
Okokuqala, uphando lwesi sihloko luyisombulule ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nongcoliseko lwendalo lwenkunkuma yezityalo ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.
Ngelo xesha, indlela entsha yongezwa kumthombo we-cellulose. Okwesibini, i-sodium chloroacetate encinci inetyhefu kunye ne-2-chloroethanol isetyenziswa njengee-etherifying agents.
Endaweni ye-chloroacetic acid enetyhefu kakhulu, i-cellulose ether yalungiswa yaza yasetyenziswa kwilaphu lomqhaphu elisebenzayo lokuprinta idayi, kunye nesodium alginate.
Uphando lwababambeleyo lunenqanaba elithile lesikhokelo, kwaye lukwanokubaluleka okukhulu okubonakalayo kunye nexabiso lereferensi.
Ifayibha Wall Lignin Inyibilike Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose
9
1.4.2 Umxholo wophando
1.4.2.1 Ukutsalwa kwe-cellulose kwimathiriyeli ekrwada yezityalo
Okokuqala, amacandelo ezinto ezikrwada zezityalo ayalinganiswa kwaye ahlalutywe, kwaye izinto ezintathu ezimele izityalo ezikhethiweyo zikhethwa ukukhupha ifayibha.
Iivithamini. Emva koko, inkqubo yokukhupha i-cellulose yalungiswa ngonyango olubanzi lwe-alkali kunye ne-asidi. Ekugqibeleni, UV
I-Absorption spectroscopy, i-FTIR kunye ne-XRD zisetyenziselwe ukunxibelelanisa iimveliso.
1.4.2.2 Ukulungiswa kwee-ether ze-cellulose
Ukusebenzisa i-pine wood cellulose njengento ekrwada, yatshintshwa ngealkali egxininisiweyo, emva koko uvavanyo lwe-orthogonal kunye novavanyo lwento enye yasetyenziswa.
Iinkqubo zamalungiselelo eCMC, I-HECkunye neHECMC zalungiswa ngokulandelelanayo.
I-ethers ye-cellulose elungiselelwe ibonakaliswe yi-FTIR, i-H-NMR kunye ne-XRD.
1.4.2.3 Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether paste
Iintlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers kunye ne-alginate ye-sodium zazisetyenziswa njenge-pastes yasekuqaleni, kwaye izinga lokubunjwa kwe-paste, umthamo wokubamba amanzi kunye nokuhambelana kweekhemikhali ze-pastes zangaphambili zavavanywa.
Iimpawu ezisisiseko zeepasti ezine zangaphambili zafaniswa ngokubhekiselele kwiipropati kunye nokuzinza kokugcina.
Usebenzisa iintlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers kunye ne-alginate yesodium njengentlama yokuncamathelisa, qwalasela intlama yombala wokuprinta, uprinte idayi esebenzayo, uphumelele itafile yovavanyo.
Ukuthelekisa ezintathui-cellulose ethers kwaye
Iipropati zokushicilela ze-sodium alginate.
1.4.3 Iingongoma ezintsha zophando
(1) Ukuguqula inkunkuma ibe bubuncwane, ukukhupha i-cellulose ecocekileyo kwinkunkuma yezityalo, eyongeza kumthombo weseli
Indlela entsha, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, isombulula ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwenkunkuma yezityalo kunye nongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo; kwaye iphucula ifayibha
Indlela yokukhupha.
(2) Ukuhlolwa kunye neqondo lokutshintshwa kwe-cellulose etherifying agents, i-etherifying agents ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njenge-chloroacetic acid (ityhefu kakhulu), i-ethylene oxide (ebangela ukuba
Umhlaza), njl. njl. ziyingozi ngakumbi kumzimba womntu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kweli phepha, i-sodium chloroacetate ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye ne-2-chloroethanol zisetyenziswa njengee-etherification agents.
Esikhundleni se-chloroacetic acid kunye ne-ethylene oxide, i-cellulose ethers ilungiswa. (3) I-ether ye-cellulose efunyenweyo isetyenziswe kwi-cotton fabric reactive dye printing, ebonelela ngesiseko esithile sophando lwe-sodium alginate substitutes.
ibhekisele ku.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-25-2024