Cellulose etherke motsoako oa polymer o nang le sebopeho sa ether se entsoeng ka selulose. E mong le e reng glucosyl ka selulose macromolecule na le lihlopha tse tharo hydroxyl, sehlopha sa mantlha hydroxyl ka k'habone athomo botšelela, sehlopha sa bobeli hydroxyl ka liathomo carbon ea bobeli le ea boraro, 'me hydrogen ka hydroxyl sehlopha e nkeloa sebaka ke hydrocarbon sehlopha ho hlahisa selulose ether derivatives lintho. Ke sehlahisoa seo hydrogen ea sehlopha sa hydroxyl ka polymer cellulose e nkeloa sebaka ke sehlopha sa hydrocarbon. Cellulose ke motsoako oa polyhydroxy polymer o sa qhibiliheng kapa hona ho qhibiliha. Ka mor'a etherification, selulose e qhibiliha ka metsing, e hlapolla tharollo ea alkali le motsoako oa tlhaho, 'me e na le thermoplasticity.
Cellulose ke motsoako oa polyhydroxy polymer o sa qhibiliheng kapa hona ho qhibiliha. Ka mor'a etherification, selulose e qhibiliha ka metsing, e hlapolla tharollo ea alkali le motsoako oa tlhaho, 'me e na le thermoplasticity.
1. Tlhaho:
The solubility ea cellulose ka mor'a hore etherification e fetohe haholo. E ka qhibiliha ka metsing, ea hlapolla acid, ea hlapolla alkali kapa motsoako oa organic. The solubility haholo-holo e itšetlehile ka lintlha tse tharo: (1) Litšobotsi tsa lihlopha tse hlahisitsoeng ts'ebetsong ea etherification, tse hlahisitsoeng Sehlopha se seholoanyane, se theohileng ho solubility, le ho matlafala ha polarity ea sehlopha se hlahisitsoeng, ho bonolo hore cellulose ether e qhibilihe ka metsing; (2) Tekanyo ea ho fetola le ho ajoa ha lihlopha tsa etherified ka macromolecule. Boholo ba li-cellulose ethers li ka qhibiliha feela ka metsing tlas'a tekanyo e itseng ea ho fetola, 'me tekanyo ea ho fetola e pakeng tsa 0 le 3; (3) Tekanyo ea polymerization ea cellulose ether, e phahametse tekanyo ea polymerization, e fokolang haholo; Ha tekanyo ea phetisetso e ka qhibilihang ka metsing e ka tlase, sebaka se pharaletseng le ho feta. Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea li-cellulose ethers tse nang le ts'ebetso e babatsehang, 'me li sebelisoa haholo kahong, samente, petroleum, lijo, masela, sesepa, pente, meriana, ho etsa pampiri le lisebelisoa tsa elektronike le liindasteri tse ling.
2. Ntlafatsa:
China ke mohlahisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le moreki oa cellulose ether, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo se fetang 20%. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa pele, ho na le lik'hamphani tse ka bang 50 tsa tlhahiso ea li-cellulose ether Chaena, matla a tlhahiso ea tlhahiso ea indasteri ea cellulose ether e feta lithane tse 400,000, 'me ho na le likhoebo tse ka bang 20 tse nang le lithane tse fetang 10,000, tse ajoang haholo Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing le Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai le libaka tse ling.
3. Hloka:
Ka 2011, tlhahiso ea CMC ea Chaena e ne e ka ba lithane tse 300,000. Ka tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea li-cellulose ethers tsa boleng bo holimo liindastering tse kang meriana, lijo le lik'hemik'hale tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, tlhokahalo ea malapeng ea lihlahisoa tse ling tsa cellulose ether ntle le CMC e ntse e eketseha. , matla a tlhahiso ea MC/HPMC ke lithane tse ka bang 120,000, 'me tsa HEC ke lithane tse ka bang 20,000. PAC e ntse e le sethaleng sa papatso le kopo naheng ea China. Ka nts'etsopele ea masimo a maholo a oli a mose ho maoatle le nts'etsopele ea thepa ea kaho, lijo, lik'hemik'hale le liindasteri tse ling, palo le tšimo ea PAC li ntse li eketseha le ho hola selemo le selemo, ka matla a tlhahiso ea lithane tse fetang 10,000.
4. Sehlopha:
Ho ea ka likarolo tsa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, li ka aroloa ka li-ethers tsa anionic, cationic le nonionic. Ho itšetlehile ka etherification agent e sebelisitsoeng, ho na le methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl carulose, benzyl cyanoethyl carulose cellulose, joalo-joalo Methyl cellulose le ethyl cellulose li sebetsa haholoanyane.
Methylcellulose:
Ka mor'a hore k'hothone e hloekisitsoeng e phekoloe ka alkali, cellulose ether e hlahisoa ka letoto la liketso ka methane chloride e le etherification agent. Ka kakaretso, tekanyo ea ho fetola ke 1.6 ~ 2.0, 'me solubility e boetse e fapane le likhato tse fapaneng tsa ho fetola. Ke ea non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose e qhibiliha ka metsing a batang, 'me ho tla ba thata ho qhibiliha ka metsing a chesang. Tharollo ea eona ea metsi e tsitsitse haholo maemong a pH = 3 ~ 12. E na le tumellano e ntle le starch, guar gum, joalo-joalo le li-surfactants tse ngata. Ha mocheso o fihla mocheso oa gelation, gelation e etsahala.
(2) Ho bolokoa ha metsi a methyl cellulose ho itšetlehile ka palo ea eona ea tlatsetso, viscosity, boholo ba likaroloana le sekhahla sa ho qhibiliha. Ka kakaretso, haeba palo ea tlatsetso e le kholo, botle bo nyane, 'me viscosity e kholo, sekhahla sa ho boloka metsi se phahame. Har'a bona, palo ea ho eketsoa e na le tšusumetso e kholo ka ho fetisisa ho tekanyo ea ho boloka metsi, 'me boemo ba viscosity ha bo lekane ka ho toba le tekanyo ea ho boloka metsi. Sekhahla sa ho qhibiliha haholo-holo se itšetlehile ka tekanyo ea phetoho ea bokaholimo ba likaroloana tsa cellulose le botle ba likaroloana. Har'a li-ether tsa cellulose tse ka holimo, methyl cellulose le hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose li na le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ho boloka metsi.
(3) Liphetoho tsa mocheso li ka ama ka botebo ho boloka metsi a methyl cellulose. Ka kakaretso, ha thempereichara e phahame, ho mpefala ha metsi ho boloka metsi. Haeba mocheso oa seretse o feta 40 ° C, ho boloka metsi a methyl cellulose ho tla fokotseha haholo, ho ama ka ho teba ho hahoa ha seretse.
(4)Methyl cellulosee na le phello e kholo ts'ebetsong le momahano oa seretse. "Ho khomarela" mona ho bolela matla a tlamahano pakeng tsa sesebelisoa sa mosebetsi le karoloana ea lebota, ke hore, ho hanyetsa ho kuta ha seretse. Sekhomaretsi se phahame, khanyetso ea ho kuta ea seretse e kholo, 'me matla a hlokoang ke basebetsi ha a ntse a sebelisoa le ona a maholo,' me ts'ebetso ea kaho ea seretse e futsanehile. Khokahano ea methyl cellulose e maemong a mahareng ho lihlahisoa tsa ether ea cellulose.
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose:
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ke mofuta oa cellulose eo tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea eona li ntseng li eketseha ka potlako. Ke selulose e seng ionic e tsoakiloeng e entsoeng ka k'hothone e hloekisitsoeng ka mor'a alkalization, e sebelisa propylene oxide le methyl chloride e le etherification agent, ka letoto la liketso. Tekanyo ea ho nka sebaka ka kakaretso ke 1.2 ~ 2.0. Thepa ea eona e fapana ho latela karolelano ea methoxyl ho hydroxypropyl content.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e qhibiliha habonolo metsing a batang, 'me e tla kopana le mathata a ho qhibiliha metsing a chesang. Empa mocheso oa eona oa gelation metsing a chesang o phahame haholo ho feta oa methyl cellulose. Ho qhibiliha ha metsi a batang ho boetse ho ntlafala haholo ha ho bapisoa le methyl cellulose.
(2) Viscosity ea hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e amana le boima ba eona ba molek'hule, 'me ha boima ba molek'hule bo le boholo, ho ba le viscosity e phahameng. Mocheso o boetse o ama viscosity ea eona, ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha, viscosity e fokotseha. Leha ho le joalo, tšusumetso ea viscosity ea eona e phahameng le mocheso o tlase ho feta oa methyl cellulose. Tharollo ea eona e tsitsitse ha e bolokiloe mocheso oa kamore.
(3) Ho bolokoa ha metsi a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ho itšetlehile ka palo ea eona ea tlatsetso, viscosity, joalo-joalo, 'me sekhahla sa eona sa ho boloka metsi tlas'a chelete e tšoanang ea tlatsetso e phahame ho feta ea methyl cellulose.
(4)Hydroxypropyl methylcellulosee tsitsitse ho acid le alkali, 'me tharollo ea eona ea metsi e tsitsitse haholo ka har'a pH = 2 ~ 12. Caustic soda le metsi a lime ha li na phello e fokolang ts'ebetsong ea eona, empa alkali e ka potlakisa ho qhibiliha ha eona 'me ea eketsa viscosity ea eona hanyenyane. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e tsitsitse ho matsoai a tloaelehileng, empa ha motsoako oa motsoako oa letsoai o phahame, viscosity ea hydroxypropyl methylcellulose tharollo e atisa ho eketseha.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e ka kopanngoa le metsoako ea polymer e qhibilihang ka metsing ho etsa tharollo e tšoanang le e phahameng ea viscosity. Joalo ka joala ba polyvinyl, starch ether, boka ba meroho, joalo-joalo.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e na le khanyetso e ntle ea enzyme ho feta methylcellulose, 'me tharollo ea eona ha e na monyetla oa ho senyeha ka li-enzyme ho feta methylcellulose.
(7) Ho khomarela ha hydroxypropyl methylcellulose mohahong oa seretse ho phahame ho feta methylcellulose.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose:
E entsoe ka k'hothone e hloekisitsoeng e tšoaroang ka alkali, 'me e itšoara ka ethylene oxide e le moemeli oa etherification ka pel'a isopropanol. Tekanyo ea eona ea ho fetola hangata ke 1.5 ~ 2.0. E na le hydrophilicity e matla 'me e bonolo ho monya mongobo.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose e qhibiliha ka metsing a batang, empa ho thata ho qhibiliha ka metsing a chesang. Tharollo ea eona e tsitsitse mocheso o phahameng ntle le gelling. E ka sebelisoa nako e telele tlas'a mocheso o phahameng ka har'a seretse, empa ho boloka metsi a eona ho tlaase ho feta methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose e tsitsitse ho acid e akaretsang le alkali, 'me alkali e ka potlakisa ho qhibiliha ha eona' me ea eketsa viscosity ea eona hanyenyane. Ho qhalana ha eona metsing ho mpe ho feta ea methyl cellulose le hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea anti-sag bakeng sa seretse, empa e na le nako e telele ea ho chechisa samente.
(4) Ts'ebetso ea hydroxyethyl cellulose e hlahisoang ke likhoebo tse ling tsa malapeng ho hlakile hore e tlase ho feta ea methyl cellulose ka lebaka la metsi a mangata le molora o mongata.
(5) Mofuta oa mokelikeli o nang le metsi oa hydroxyethyl cellulose o batla o le kotsi. Ka mocheso oa hoo e ka bang 40 ° C, hlobo e ka 'na ea hlaha ka hare ho matsatsi a 3 ho isa ho a 5, e leng se tla ama ts'ebetso ea eona.
Carboxymethyl cellulose:
Lonic cellulose ether e entsoe ka likhoele tsa tlhaho (cotton, joalo-joalo) kamora kalafo ea alkali, ho sebelisoa sodium monochloroacetate joalo ka etherification agent, le ho etsa letoto la liphekolo tsa karabelo. Tekanyo ea ho kenya sebaka ka kakaretso ke 0.4 ~ 1.4, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona e angoa haholo ke tekanyo ea ho kenya sebaka.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose e na le hygroscopic, 'me e tla ba le metsi a mangata ha a bolokiloe tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng.
(2) Carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution ha e hlahise gel, 'me viscosity e fokotseha ka ho eketseha ha mocheso. Ha mocheso o feta 50 ° C, viscosity ha e fetohe.
(3) Ho tsitsa ha eona ho angoa haholo ke pH. Ka kakaretso, e ka sebelisoa seretseng se thehiloeng ho gypsum, empa eseng ka seretseng sa samente. Ha e le alkaline e ngata, e tla lahleheloa ke viscosity.
(4) Palo ea eona ea metsi e tlase haholo ho feta methyl cellulose. E na le phello e sitisang seretse se thehiloeng ho gypsum mme e fokotsa matla a eona. Leha ho le joalo, theko ea carboxymethyl cellulose e tlase haholo ho feta ea methyl cellulose.
Cellulose Alkyl Ether:
Baemeli ba eona ke methyl cellulose le ethyl cellulose. Tlhahisong ea indasteri, methyl chloride kapa ethyl chloride hangata e sebelisoa joalo ka etherification agent, mme karabelo e tjena:
Ka foromo, R e emela CH3 kapa C2H5. Khatiso ea alkali ha e ame feela tekanyo ea etherification, empa e boetse e ama tšebeliso ea alkyl halides. Ha khatello ea alkali e tlase e le tlase, hydrolysis ea alkyl halide e matla haholo. Bakeng sa ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea etherifying, khatello ea alkali e tlameha ho eketseha. Leha ho le joalo, ha motsoako oa alkali o phahame haholo, phello ea ho ruruha ea selulose e fokotsehile, e leng se sa lumellaneng le karabelo ea etherification, 'me tekanyo ea etherification e fokotsehile. Bakeng sa morero ona, lye kapa lye e tiileng e ka eketsoa nakong ea karabelo. Reactor e lokela ho ba le sesebelisoa se setle sa ho hlohlelletsa le ho tabola e le hore alkali e ka aroloa ka ho lekana. Methyl cellulose e sebelisoa haholo e le thickener, sekhomaretsi le tšireletso colloid joalo-joalo E ka boela ea sebelisoa e le dispersant bakeng sa emulsion polymerization, bonding dispersant bakeng sa peo, lesela slurry, addititive bakeng sa lijo le litlolo, sekhomaretsi sa bongaka, thepa ea ho roala lithethefatsi, 'me e sebelisoa ka pente ea latex ho penta ea latex, nako ea ho hatisa le ho eketsa nako ea ho hatisa, ho eketsa nako ea ho hatisa le ho eketsa nako ea ho hatisa. matla a pele, joalo-joalo Lihlahisoa tsa cellulose tsa Ethyl li na le matla a phahameng a mechine, ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, ho hanyetsa mocheso le ho hanyetsa serame. Low-substituted ethyl cellulose e qhibiliha ka metsing 'me e hlapolla litharollo tsa alkaline,' me lihlahisoa tse nkeloang sebaka ka bongata li qhibiliha ka har'a metsoako e mengata ea tlhaho. E lumellana hantle le li-resin tse fapaneng le li-plasticizers. E ka sebelisoa ho etsa polasetiki, lifilimi, li-varnish, li-adhesives, latex le lisebelisoa tsa ho roala bakeng sa lithethefatsi, joalo-joalo. lihlopha tsa hydroxyalkyl.
Cellulose Hydroxyalkyl Ether:
Baemeli ba eona ke hydroxyethyl cellulose le hydroxypropyl cellulose. Etherifying agents ke epoxides tse kang ethylene oxide le propylene oxide. Sebelisa asiti kapa setsi e le catalyst. Tlhahiso ea indasteri ke ho arabela selulose ea alkali ka moemeli oa etherification:hydroxyethyl cellulosee nang le boleng bo phahameng bo qhibiliha ka metsing a batang le a chesang. Hydroxypropyl cellulose e nang le boleng bo phahameng ba ho e nkela sebaka e qhibiliha feela metsing a batang empa eseng metsing a chesang. Hydroxyethyl cellulose e ka sebelisoa e le setenya bakeng sa ho roala latex, khatiso ea masela le liphasete tse daeang, lisebelisoa tsa boholo ba pampiri, likhomaretsi le li-colloid tse sireletsang. Tšebeliso ea hydroxypropyl cellulose e tšoana le ea hydroxyethyl cellulose. Hydroxypropyl cellulose e nang le boleng bo tlase ba sebaka e ka sebelisoa e le mothusi oa meriana, e ka bang le thepa e tlamang le ea ho qhalana.
Carboxymethyl cellulose, khutsufatso ea Senyesemane CMC, hangata e fumaneha ka sebopeho sa letsoai la sodium. Etherifying agent ke monochloroacetic acid, 'me karabelo e tjena:
Carboxymethyl cellulose ke selulose se qhibilihang ka metsing se sebelisoang haholo ka ho fetisisa. Nakong e fetileng, e ne e sebelisoa haholo-holo e le seretse sa ho cheka, empa hona joale se atolositsoe ho sebelisoa e le setlolo sa sesepa, liaparo tse slurry, pente ea latex, ho roala ka lebokose le pampiri, joalo-joalo. Pure carboxymethyl cellulose e ka sebelisoa lijong, meriana, litlolo, hape e le sekhomaretsi sa li-ceramics le hlobo.
Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) ke ionic cellulose ether mme ke sehlahisoa sa boemo bo holimo se nkang sebaka sa carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Ke phofo e tšoeu, e tšoeu kapa e mosehla hanyenyane kapa granule, e seng chefo, e sa latsoeheng, e bonolo ho qhibiliha ka metsing ho etsa tharollo e hlakileng ka viscosity e itseng, e na le botsitso bo betere ba mocheso le ho hanyetsa letsoai, le thepa e matla ea antibacterial. Ha ho na hlobo le ho senyeha. E na le litšobotsi tsa bohloeki bo phahameng, boemo bo phahameng ba ho fetola, le kabo e tšoanang ea tse ling. E ka sebelisoa e le binder, thickener, rheology modifier, liquid loss reducer, suspension stabilizer, joalo-joalo Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) e sebelisoa haholo liindastering tsohle moo CMC e ka sebelisoang teng, e ka fokotsang haholo tekanyo, ho nolofalletsa tšebeliso, ho fana ka botsitso bo molemo le ho finyella litlhoko tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso.
Cyanoethyl cellulose ke sehlahisoa sa karabelo ea selulose le acrylonitrile tlasa catalysis ea alkali.
Cyanoethyl cellulose e na le coefficient e phahameng ea dielectric kamehla le tahlehelo e tlase 'me e ka sebelisoa e le matrix a resin bakeng sa mabone a phosphor le electroluminescent. Selulose ea cyanoethyl e kentsoeng ka tlaase e ka sebelisoa e le pampiri e sireletsang bakeng sa li-transformer.
Li-ethers tsa joala tse mafura a phahameng, li-alkenyl ethers, le li-ethers tsa joala tse nkhang hamonate tsa cellulose li entsoe, empa ha lia sebelisoa.
Mekhoa ea ho itokisa ea cellulose ether e ka aroloa ka mokhoa oa mahareng oa metsi, mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha, mokhoa oa ho luba, mokhoa oa slurry, mokhoa o tiileng oa khase, mokhoa oa mokelikeli oa mokelikeli le motsoako oa mekhoa e ka holimo.
5.Molao-motheo oa ho itokisa:
The phahameng α-selulose makhasi a e soaked le alkaline tharollo e ruruhe ho senya ditlamo ho feta haedrojene, bebofatsa diffusion ea reagents le ho hlahisa alkali cellulose, 'me joale itšoara joang ka etherification moemeli ho fumana cellulose ether. Lisebelisoa tsa etherifying li kenyelletsa hydrocarbon halides (kapa sulfates), epoxides, le α le β unsaturated metsoako e amohelang elektronike.
6. Ts'ebetso ea mantlha:
Li-admixtures li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho haha seretse se omileng se omileng, 'me se etsa chelete e fetang 40% ea litšenyehelo tsa thepa ka seretse se omileng. Karolo e kholo ea motsoako 'marakeng oa lehae e fanoa ke bahlahisi ba tsoang kantle ho naha, mme tekanyo ea referense ea sehlahisoa le eona e fanoa ke mofani oa thepa. Ka lebaka leo, litšenyehelo tsa lihlahisoa tsa seretse tse omeletseng li lula li le holimo, 'me ho thata ho tsebahatsa masela a tloaelehileng a masonry le li-plastering ka bongata le mefuta e mengata. Lihlahisoa tsa 'maraka tsa maemo a holimo li laoloa ke lik'hamphani tsa linaha tse ling,' me baetsi ba seretse se omeletseng ba na le phaello e tlaase le theko e tlaase; ts'ebeliso ea li-admixtures ha e na lipatlisiso tse hlophisitsoeng le tse lebisitsoeng, 'me e latela ka bofofu liforomo tsa kantle ho naha.
Setsi sa ho boloka metsi ke motsoako oa bohlokoa oa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho boloka metsi ea seretse se tsoakiloeng, hape ke e 'ngoe ea metsoako ea bohlokoa ho fumana litšenyehelo tsa lisebelisoa tsa seretse se omeletseng. Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa cellulose ether ke ho boloka metsi.
Cellulose ether ke lentsoe le akaretsang bakeng sa letoto la lihlahisoa tse hlahisoang ke karabelo ea alkali cellulose le etherifying agent tlasa maemo a itseng. Alkali cellulose e nkeloa sebaka ke lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa etherifying ho fumana li-ether tse fapaneng tsa cellulose. Ho ea ka thepa ea ionization ea li-substituent, cellulose ethers e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: ionic (joalo ka carboxymethyl cellulose) le nonionic (joalo ka methyl cellulose). Ho latela mofuta oa substituent, cellulose ether e ka aroloa ka monoether (joalo ka methyl cellulose) le ether e tsoakiloeng (joalo ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Ho ea ka solubility e fapaneng, e ka aroloa ka ho qhibiliha ha metsi (joalo ka hydroxyethyl cellulose) le organic solvent solubility (joalo ka ethyl cellulose). Seretse se kopantsoeng le metsi haholo-holo ke selulose e qhibilihang ka metsing, 'me selulose e qhibilihang ka metsing e arotsoe ka mofuta oa hang-hang le mofuta oa ho qhibiliha o alafshoang ka holim'a metsi.
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ea cellulose ether ka seretse ke ka tsela e latelang:
(1) Ka mor'acellulose etherka seretse se qhibiliha ka metsing, kabo e sebetsang le e ts'oanang ea lisebelisoa tsa cementitious tsamaisong e tiisetsoa ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea holim'a metsi, 'me cellulose ether, e le colloid e sireletsang, "e phuthela" likaroloana tse tiileng le ho thehoa ha filimi ea lubricating holim'a eona e ka ntle, e etsang hore tsamaiso ea seretse e be e tsitsitseng haholoanyane, hape e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mokelikeli nakong ea ho hahoa ha metsi.
(2) Ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona sa limolek'hule, tharollo ea cellulose ether e etsa hore mongobo o seretse o se ke oa lahleheloa ke bonolo, 'me butle-butle o o lokolla ka nako e telele, o fa seretse ho boloka metsi hantle le ho sebetsa hantle.
Nako ea poso: Apr-28-2024