Ho sebetsa selulose ho kenyelletsa mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho e ntša le ho e hloekisa mehloling ea eona ea tlhaho, haholo-holo limela. Cellulose, polysaccharide, e etsa karolo ea sebopeho sa marako a lisele tsa limela 'me ke polymer e ngata ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Ho sebetsa ha eona ho bohlokoa liindastering ho tloha ho pampiri le masela ho ea lijong le tsa meriana.
1. Ho Fumana Lisebelisoa tse tala:
Cellulose e fumanoa haholo limela, 'me lehong le k'hothone ke mehloli e tloaelehileng haholo. Mehloli e meng e kenyelletsa hemp, folaxe, jute le algae. Limela tse fapaneng li na le likahare tsa cellulose tse fapaneng, tse amang katleho ea ho ntšoa le ho sebetsa.
2. Phekolo ea Pele:
Pele ho ntšoa selulose, lisebelisoa tse tala li etsoa kalafo ea pele ho tlosa likaroloana tse se nang cellulosic joalo ka lignin, hemicellulose le pectin. Mohato ona o ntlafatsa katleho ea ho ntšoa ha cellulose. Mekhoa ea ho alafa esale pele e kenyelletsa ho sila ka mochini, kalafo ea lik'hemik'hale (mohlala, asiti kapa alkali hydrolysis), le lits'ebetso tsa baeloji (mohlala, tšilo ea lijo ea enzymatic).
3. Ho ntšoa ha Cellulose:
Hang ha e se e fetisitsoe, selulose e ntšoa semeleng sa semela. Mekhoa e mengata e sebelisetsoa morero ona:
Mekhoa ea Mechini: Mekhoa ea mochini e kenyelletsa ho pshatla semela ka 'mele ho lokolla likhoele tsa cellulose. Sena se ka kenyelletsa ho sila, ho sila, kapa ho hatella.
Mekhoa ea Lik'hemik'hale: Mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale e kenyelletsa ho phekola thepa ea semela ka lik'hemik'hale ho qhaqha kapa ho senya likaroloana tse se nang cellulosic, ho siea cellulose. Acid hydrolysis le kalafo ea alkaline ke mekhoa e sebelisoang hangata ea lik'hemik'hale.
Mekhoa ea Enzymatic: Mekhoa ea enzyme e sebelisa li-enzyme tsa cellulase ho qhetsola selulose ka har'a tsoekere ea eona. Ts'ebetso ena e khetha haholoanyane ebile ha e na tikoloho ha e bapisoa le mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale.
4. Tlhoekiso le Ntlafatso:
Ha selulose e se e ntšitsoe, e ea hloekisoa le ho hloekisoa ho tlosa litšila le ho finyella lintho tse lakatsehang. Sena se ka kenyelletsa ho hlatsuoa, ho sefa, le centrifugation ho arola likhoele tsa selulose ho likhemikhale tse setseng kapa likarolo tse ling.
5. Tlhahiso le Ts'ebetso:
Kamora ho hloekisoa, cellulose e ka sebetsoa ka mefuta e fapaneng ho latela ts'ebeliso ea eona e reriloeng. Mefuta e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa:
Pulp: Cellulose pulp e sebelisoa indastering ea pampiri le ea likarete. E ka soeufala ho fihlela maemo a fapaneng a khanya.
Likhoele: Likhoele tsa cellulose li sebelisoa masela le liaparo. A ka ohloa hore e be khoele ’me a lohoe hore e be masela.
Lifilimi le Membrane: Cellulose e ka fetoloa hore e be lifilimi tse tšesaane kapa li-membrane tse sebelisoang ho paka, ho sebelisa biomedical le ho sefa.
Li-Derivatives tsa Lik'hemik'hale: Cellulose e ka fetoloa lik'hemik'hale ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse nang le thepa e itseng. Mehlala e kenyelletsa cellulose acetate (e sebelisoang filiming ea lifoto le masela) le carboxymethyl cellulose (e sebelisoang lihlahisoa tsa lijo le meriana).
Nanocellulose: Nanocellulose e bua ka likhoele tsa cellulose kapa likristale tse nang le litekanyo tsa nanoscale. E na le thepa e ikhethang 'me e sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tse tsoetseng pele joalo ka nanocomposites, lisebelisoa tsa biomedical le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki.
6. Likopo:
Selulose e sebetsitsoeng e fumana lits'ebetso tse fapaneng ho pholletsa le indasteri:
Pampiri le Pakete: Cellulose ke thepa e tala ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea pampiri, khateboto le thepa ea ho paka.
Masela: Cotton, mohloli oa cellulose, e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea masela bakeng sa liaparo, masela a lapeng le masela a indasteri.
Lijo le Meriana: Lintho tse tsoang ho cellulose li sebelisoa e le li-thickeners, stabilizers le emulsifiers lihlahisoa tsa lijo le metsoako ea meriana.
Lisebelisoa tsa Biomedical: Lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho cellulose li sebelisoa ho roala maqeba, li-scaffolds bakeng sa boenjiniere ba lisele, mekhoa ea phepelo ea lithethefatsi, le li-implants tsa bongaka.
Tokiso ea Tikoloho: Lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho cellulose li ka sebelisoa molemong oa ho lokisa tikoloho, joalo ka ho hloekisa metsi le ho hloekisa oli.
Matla a Nchafatsoang: Cellulose biomass e ka fetoloa biofuel joalo ka ethanol ka lits'ebetso tse kang ho belisoa le enzymatic hydrolysis.
7. Maikutlo a Tikoloho:
Ho sebetsa ha cellulose ho na le litlamorao tsa tikoloho, haholo mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale le matla. Boiteko bo ntse bo tsoela pele ho theha mekhoa ea ts'ebetso e tšoarellang, joalo ka ho sebelisa mehloli ea matla e ka nchafatsoang, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale, le ho kenya ts'ebetso ea lits'ebetso tse koetsoeng bakeng sa phepelo ea metsi le lik'hemik'hale.
8. Mekhoa ea Bokamoso:
Mekhoa ea kamoso ea ho sebetsa ha cellulose e kenyelletsa nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tse nang le thepa e ntlafalitsoeng, joalo ka lipolasetiki tse senyehang habonolo, masela a bohlale le li-nanocomposites. Ho boetse ho na le thahasello e ntseng e eketseha ea ho sebelisa selulose e le mokhoa o ka nchafatsoang le o tšoarellang ho feta lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng.
ho sebetsa ha cellulose ho kenyelletsa letoto la mehato, ho kenyelletsa ho ntšoa, ho hloekisoa le ho etsoa, ho hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa tse nang le lits'ebetso tse atileng tsa indasteri. Boiteko ba ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea ts'ebetso le ho nts'etsapele lisebelisoa tse ncha tse thehiloeng ho cellulose bo nts'etsapele tsoelo-pele lefapheng lena, ho tsepamisitsoe maikutlo ho ts'ireletseho le boikarabello ba tikoloho.
Nako ea poso: Apr-25-2024