Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa tse tala tsa semela, empa sebopeho sa tsona sa mantlha se na le phapang e nyane, haholo e entsoe ka tsoekere le e seng tsoekere.
. Lisebelisoa tse tala tsa semela li na le litaba tse fapaneng tsa karolo ka 'ngoe. Lintlha tse latelang li kenyelletsa ka bokhutšoanyane likarolo tse tharo tsa mantlha tsa lisebelisoa tse tala tsa semela:
Cellulose ether, lignin le hemicellulose.
1.3 Sebopeho sa motheo sa lisebelisoa tse tala tsa semela
1.3.1.1 Cellulose
Cellulose ke macromolecular polysaccharide e entsoeng ka D-glucose e nang le β-1,4 glycosidic bond. Ke ea khale ka ho fetisisa le e ngata ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng.
Polymer ea tlhaho. Sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale hangata se emeloa ke foromo ea sebopeho sa Haworth le foromo ea sebopeho sa setulo, moo n e leng tekanyo ea polysaccharide polymerization.
Cellulose Carbohydrate Xylan
arabinoxylan
glucuronide xylan
glucuronide arabinoxylan
glucomannan
galactoglucomannan
arabinogalactan
Starch, pectin le tsoekere tse ling tse qhibilihang
likarolo tse se nang lik'habohaedreite
lignin
Hlakola Lipids, Lignols, Metsoako ea Nitrogenous, Metsoako ea Inorganic
Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose
Terpenes, resin acids, mafura acid, sterols, metsoako e nkhang hamonate, tannins.
semela
1.4 Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale sa cellulose
1.3.1.2 Lignin
Karolo ea mantlha ea lignin ke phenylpropane, eo ka nako eo e hokahantsoeng ka libonto tsa CC le li-ether bond.
mofuta oa polymer. Sebakeng sa semela, lera la intercellular le na le lignin tse ngata,
Likahare tsa intracellular li fokotsehile, empa li-lignin li ile tsa eketseha karolong e ka hare ea lerako la bobeli. E le ntho ea intercellular, lignin le hemifibrils
Hammoho li tlatsa pakeng tsa likhoele tse ntle tsa lerako la sele, ka tsela eo li matlafatsa lerako la sele ea lisele tsa semela.
1.5 Lignin structural monomers, ka tatellano: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane le coniferyl joala.
1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose
Ho fapana le lignin, hemicellulose ke heteropolymer e entsoeng ka mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea monosaccharides. Ho latela tsena
Mefuta ea tsoekere le boteng kapa ho ba sieo ha lihlopha tsa acyl li ka aroloa ka glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid) -xylan,
Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, joalo-joalo ho,
Karolo ea 50 lekholong ea lisele tsa lehong ke xylan, e ka holim'a cellulose microfibrils 'me e hokahane le likhoele.
Li etsa marang-rang a lisele tse hokahaneng ka thata haholoanyane.
1.4 Sepheo sa lipatlisiso, bohlokoa le litaba tsa sehlooho tsa sehlooho sena
1.4.1 Sepheo le bohlokoa ba lipatlisiso
Sepheo sa patlisiso ena ke ho khetha mefuta e meraro ea baemeli ka ho hlahloba likarolo tsa lihlahisoa tse ling tsa limela.
Cellulose e ntšoa linthong tsa semela. Khetha etherifying e loketseng, 'me u sebelise selulose e ntšitsoeng ho nkela k'hothone sebaka sa etherifying le ho fetoloa ho lokisa fiber.
Vithamine ether. Ether e lokisitsoeng ea cellulose e ile ea sebelisoa khatisong ea dae e sebetsang, 'me qetellong litlamorao tsa khatiso li ile tsa bapisoa ho fumana ho eketsehileng.
Cellulose ethers bakeng sa li-pastes tsa khatiso tsa dae tse sebetsang.
Pele ho tsohle, lipatlisiso tsa sehlooho sena li rarollotse bothata ba ho sebelisoa hape le tšilafalo ea tikoloho ea litšila tse tala tsa semela ho isa bohōleng bo itseng.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, mokhoa o mocha o eketsoa mohloling oa cellulose. Taba ea bobeli, sodium chloroacetate e se nang chefo e nyane le 2-chloroethanol li sebelisoa e le li-etherifying agents,
Sebakeng sa chloroacetic acid e chefo haholo, ho ile ha lokisoa cellulose ether 'me ea tšeloa lesela la k'hothone le peista ea khatiso le sodium alginate.
Patlisiso mabapi le tse ling e na le tataiso e itseng, hape e na le bohlokoa bo boholo bo sebetsang le boleng ba litšupiso.
Fiber Wall Lignin e qhibilihisitsoeng Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose
9
1.4.2 Likahare tsa lipatlisiso
1.4.2.1 Ho ntšoa ha selulose linthong tse tala tsa semela
Taba ea pele, likarolo tsa lihlahisoa tse tala tsa semela lia lekanyetsoa le ho hlahlojoa, 'me ho khethoa lisebelisoa tse tharo tsa limela ho ntša fiber.
Li-vithamine. Joale, ts'ebetso ea ho ntša selulose e ile ea ntlafatsoa ke kalafo e felletseng ea alkali le asiti. Qetellong, UV
Ho ile ha sebelisoa spectroscopy ea absorption, FTIR le XRD ho hokahanya lihlahisoa.
1.4.2.2 Tokisetso ea li-cellulose ethers
E sebelisa pine wood cellulose e le lisebelisoa tse tala, e ne e entsoe ka alkali e kholo, 'me joale ho ile ha sebelisoa liteko tsa orthogonal le teko ea ntlha e le' ngoe.
Mekhoa ea ho lokisetsa eaCMC, HECle HECMC li ile tsa ntlafatsoa ka ho latellana.
Li-cellulose ethers tse lokiselitsoeng li ne li khetholloa ke FTIR, H-NMR le XRD.
1.4.2.3 Tšebeliso ea setlolo sa ether ea cellulose
Mefuta e meraro ea li-cellulose ethers le alginate ea sodium e ne e sebelisoa e le li-pastes tsa pele, 'me sekhahla sa sebopeho sa pente, matla a ho tšoara metsi le ho lumellana ha lik'hemik'hale tsa li-pastes tsa pele li ile tsa lekoa.
Lintho tsa motheo tsa li-pastes tse 'nè tsa pele li ne li bapisoa mabapi le thepa le botsitso ba polokelo.
U sebelisa mefuta e meraro ea li-cellulose ethers le alginate ea sodium e le pente ea mantlha, lokisa pente ea mebala e hatisitsoeng, etsa khatiso e sebetsang ea dae, fetisa tafole ea liteko.
Papiso ea tse tharoli-cellulose ethers le
Ho hatisa thepa ea sodium alginate.
1.4.3 Lintlha tse ncha tsa lipatlisiso
(1) Ho fetola litšila hore e be letlotlo, ho ntša cellulose e hloekileng litšila tsa limela, e leng se tlatsetsang mohloling oa cellulose.
Tsela e ncha, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang, ho isa tekanyong e itseng, e rarolla bothata ba ho sebelisoa hape ha litšila tsa limela le tšilafalo ea tikoloho; le ho ntlafatsa fiber
Mokhoa oa ho ntša.
(2) Tlhahlobo le tekanyo ea ho kenya sebaka sa li-cellulose etherifying agents, tse atisang ho sebelisoa etherifying agents tse kang chloroacetic acid (chefo e phahameng), ethylene oxide (e bakang
Kankere), joalo-joalo li kotsi haholoanyane 'meleng oa motho le tikolohong. Pampiring ena, sodium chloroacetate le 2-chlorothanol li sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa etherification.
Ho e-na le chloroacetic acid le ethylene oxide, ho lokisoa cellulose ethers. (3) Ether e fumanoeng ea cellulose e sebelisoa ho khatiso ea dae e sebetsang ka lesela la k'hothone, e fanang ka motheo o itseng oa lipatlisiso tsa li-substitutes tsa sodium alginate.
bua ka.
Nako ea poso: Apr-25-2024