Cellulose etherchiumbwa chepolymer chine ether chimiro chakagadzirwa ne cellulose. Imwe neimwe glucosyl mhete mu cellulose macromolecule ine matatu hydroxyl mapoka, yekutanga hydroxyl boka pane yechitanhatu kabhoni atomu, yechipiri hydroxyl boka pane yechipiri neyechitatu kabhoni maatomu, uye hydrogen muboka rehydroxyl inotsiviwa neboka rehydrocarbon kugadzira cellulose ether derivatives zvinhu. Icho chigadzirwa umo iyo hydrogen yeboka rehydroxyl mu cellulose polymer inotsiviwa neboka rehydrocarbon. Cellulose i polyhydroxy polymer compound isinganyungudike kana kunyungudika. Mushure me etherification, cellulose inonyungudika mumvura, dilute alkali solution uye organic solvent, uye ine thermoplasticity.
Cellulose i polyhydroxy polymer compound isinganyungudike kana kunyungudika. Mushure me etherification, cellulose inonyungudika mumvura, dilute alkali solution uye organic solvent, uye ine thermoplasticity.
1. Nature:
Iyo solubility ye cellulose mushure me etherification inoshanduka zvakanyanya. Inogona kunyungudutswa mumvura, dilute acid, dilute alkali kana organic solvent. Iyo solubility inonyanya kuenderana nezvinhu zvitatu: (1) Hunhu hwemapoka akaunzwa mu etherification process, iyo yakaunzwa Iyo yakakura boka, iyo yakaderera solubility, uye yakasimba polarity yeboka rakaunzwa, zviri nyore kuti cellulose ether inyungudika mumvura; (2) Chiyero chekutsiva uye kugoverwa kwemapoka etherified mune macromolecule. Mazhinji cellulose ether anogona kungonyungudika mumvura pasi peimwe dhigirii yekutsiva, uye dhigirii yekutsiva iri pakati pe0 ne3; (3) Chiyero chepolymerization ye cellulose ether, iyo yakakwirira dhigirii yepolymerization, iyo isinganyanyike zvishoma; Iyo yakaderera dhigirii yekutsiva iyo inogona kunyungudika mumvura, iyo yakawedzera hupamhi. Kune marudzi akawanda e-cellulose ethers ane mashandiro akanaka, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka, simende, peturu, chikafu, machira, detergent, pendi, mushonga, kugadzira mapepa uye zvinhu zvemagetsi uye mamwe maindasitiri.
2. Gadzira:
China ndiyo inogadzira pasi rose uye mutengi we cellulose ether, ine avhareji yekukura kwegore inopfuura 20%. Zvinoenderana nenhamba yekutanga, kune angangoita makumi mashanu emabhizinesi ekugadzira cellulose ether muChina, iyo yakagadzirirwa kugadzirwa kweiyo cellulose ether indasitiri yakapfuura 400,000 matani, uye kune angangoita makumi maviri emabhizinesi ane anopfuura 10,000 matani, akanyanya kugoverwa muShandong, Hebei, Chongqing uye Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai nedzimwe nzvimbo.
3. Inodiwa:
Muna 2011, yeChina yeCMC yekugadzira huwandu hwaive hunosvika mazana matatu ezviuru zvematani. Nekuwedzera kuri kuita kudiwa kwemhando yepamusoro cellulose ether mumaindasitiri akadai semishonga, chikafu, uye makemikari emazuva ese, kudiwa kwemumba kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa zve cellulose ether kunze kweCMC kuri kuwedzera. , simba rekugadzira reMC/HPMC rinenge 120,000 matani, uye iyo yeHEC inenge 20,000 matani. PAC ichiri mudanho rekusimudzira uye rekushandisa muChina. Nekuvandudzwa kweminda mikuru yemafuta ekumahombekombe uye kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvekuvakisa, chikafu, makemikari uye mamwe maindasitiri, huwandu nemunda wePAC zviri kuwedzera uye kuwedzera gore negore, iine simba rekugadzira rinopfuura zviuru gumi zvematani.
4. Kuronga:
Zvinoenderana nechikamu chemakemikari chimiro cheanotsiva, anogona kupatsanurwa kuita anionic, cationic uye nonionic ethers. Zvichienderana ne etherification agent inoshandiswa, pane methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl carulose cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl carulose, cellulose, etc. Methyl cellulose uye ethyl cellulose inonyanya kushanda.
Methylcellulose:
Mushure mekunge donje rakanatswa ragadziriswa nealkali, cellulose ether inogadzirwa kuburikidza neyakatevedzana maitiro ane methane chloride se etherification agent. Kazhinji, dhigirii rekutsiva i1.6 ~ 2.0, uye kunyungudika kwakasiyanawo nemadhigirii akasiyana ekutsiva. Iyo ndeye isiri-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, uye zvichave zvakaoma kunyungudika mumvura inopisa. Mushonga wayo une aqueous wakanyatsogadzikana muhupamhi hwepH = 3 ~ 12. Iine kuwirirana kwakanaka ne starch, guar gum, nezvimwewo uye akawanda ma surfactants. Kana tembiricha inosvika tembiricha yegelation, gelation inoitika.
(2) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwemethyl cellulose kunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera, viscosity, saizi yechikamu uye chiyero chekunyungudika. Kazhinji, kana huwandu hwekuwedzera hwakakura, hunyoro hudiki, uye viscosity yakakura, mwero wekuchengetedza mvura wakakwira. Pakati pavo, huwandu hwekuwedzera hune simba guru pahuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura, uye chiyero che viscosity hachina kuenzana zvakananga nehuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura. Mwero wekunyungudika unonyanya kuenderana nehuwandu hwekugadziriswa kwepasi kwe cellulose particles uye particle fineness. Pakati pema cellulose ethers ari pamusoro, methyl cellulose uye hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose vane mwero wepamusoro wekuchengetedza mvura.
(3) Kuchinja kwekushisa kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuchengetwa kwemvura yemethyl cellulose. Kazhinji, kukwirisa tembiricha, kunowedzera kuchengetedzeka kwemvura. Kana tembiricha yevhu ichipfuura 40 ° C, kuchengetwa kwemvura kwemethyl cellulose kuchaderedzwa zvakanyanya, kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kuvakwa kwedhaka.
(4)Methyl celluloseine mhedzisiro yakakosha pakushanda uye kubatana kwedhaka. “Kunamira” pano kunoreva simba rekubatanidza rinonzwikwa pakati pemudziyo wemudziyo wekushandisa nemadziro emadziro, ndiko kuti, kugerwa kwedhaka. Kunamatira kwakakwirira, kupikisa kweshear kwevhu kwakakura, uye simba rinodiwa nevashandi vari mukugadzirisa kushandiswa kwakakurawo, uye kushanda kwekuvaka kwedhaka kwakashata. Iko kubatana kwemethyl cellulose iri padanho repakati mune cellulose ether zvigadzirwa.
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose:
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imhando ye cellulose iyo kubuda kwayo uye kushandiswa kuri kuwedzera nekukurumidza. Iyo isiri-ionic cellulose yakasanganiswa ether yakagadzirwa kubva kudonje rakanatswa mushure me alkalization, uchishandisa propylene oxide uye methyl chloride se etherification agent, kuburikidza neakatevedzana maitiro. Dhigirii rekutsiva kazhinji 1.2 ~ 2.0. Zvimiro zvayo zvinosiyana zvichienderana nereshiyo yemethoxyl yemukati kune hydroxypropyl yemukati.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura inotonhora, uye ichasangana nematambudziko mukunyungudika mumvura inopisa. Asi tembiricha yayo yegelation mumvura inopisa yakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura yemethyl cellulose. Iyo solubility mumvura inotonhora zvakare yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nemethyl cellulose.
(2) Iyo viscosity yehydroxypropyl methylcellulose inoenderana nehuremu hwayo hwemamorekuru, uye iyo yakakura huremu hwemamorekuru, inokwirisa viscosity. Kupisa kunokanganisawo viscosity yayo, sezvo tembiricha inowedzera, viscosity inoderera. Nekudaro, pesvedzero yeayo yakakwirira viscosity uye tembiricha yakaderera pane iyo yemethyl cellulose. Mushonga waro wakagadzikana kana wakachengetwa pakushambidzika kwekamuri.
(3) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose kunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera, viscosity, nezvimwewo, uye chiyero chekuchengetedza mvura pasi peiyo imwechete yekuwedzera yakakwira kupfuura iyo yemethyl cellulose.
(4)Hydroxypropyl methylcelluloseyakagadzikana kune asidhi uye alkali, uye mhinduro yayo ine aqueous yakagadzikana muhuwandu hwepH = 2 ~ 12. Caustic soda uye mvura yeraimu haina mhedzisiro pakuita kwayo, asi alkali inogona kukurumidzira kuparara kwayo uye kuwedzera zvishoma viscosity yayo. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yakagadzikana kune yakajairwa munyu, asi kana kusanganiswa kwemunyu munyu kwakakwira, viscosity yehydroxypropyl methylcellulose mhinduro inowedzera kuwedzera.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inogona kusanganiswa nemvura-soluble polymer compounds kuti iite yunifomu uye yakakwirira viscosity mhinduro. Zvakadai se polyvinyl doro, starch ether, muriwo gum, nezvimwe.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ine nani enzyme kuramba kupfuura methylcellulose, uye mhinduro yayo haigone kuderedzwa nema enzymes kupfuura methylcellulose.
(7) Iko kunamatira kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose kukuvaka kwedhaka kwakakwira kupfuura iyo yemethylcellulose.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose:
Inogadzirwa kubva mukotoni yakanatswa yakabatwa nealkali, uye yakaitwa ne ethylene oxide se etherification agent pamberi pe isopropanol. Dhigirii rayo rekutsiva kazhinji 1.5 ~ 2.0. Iyo ine yakasimba hydrophilicity uye iri nyore kutora unyoro.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, asi yakaoma kunyungudika mumvura inopisa. Mhinduro yaro yakagadzikana pakupisa kwepamusoro pasina gelling. Inogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro mumatope, asi kuchengetedza kwayo mvura kwakaderera pane iyo yemethyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose yakagadzikana kune yakawanda asidhi uye alkali, uye alkali inogona kukurumidza kuparara kwayo uye zvishoma kuwedzera viscosity yayo. Kupararira kwayo mumvura kwakashata zvishoma kupfuura iyo yemethyl cellulose uye hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose ine yakanaka anti-sag performance yedhaka, asi ine nguva yakareba yekudzosa simende.
(4) Kuita kwehydroxyethyl cellulose inogadzirwa nemamwe mabhizinesi epamba zviri pachena kuti yakaderera pane iyo yemethyl cellulose nekuda kwehuwandu hwemvura uye yakakwira madota.
(5) Hunyoro hwemushonga wemvura wehydroxyethyl cellulose wakakomba. Pakupisa kweanenge 40 ° C, mildew inogona kuitika mukati memazuva matatu kusvika ku5, izvo zvichakanganisa kushanda kwayo.
Carboxymethyl cellulose:
Lonic cellulose ether inogadzirwa kubva kune yakasikwa fibers (donje, nezvimwewo) mushure mekurapa kwealkali, uchishandisa sodium monochloroacetate se etherification agent, uye ichiitwa nhevedzano yemaitiro ekurapwa. Dhigirii rekutsiva kazhinji 0.4 ~ 1.4, uye kuita kwayo kunokanganisa zvakanyanya nedhigirii rekutsiva.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose inowedzera hygroscopic, uye ichange iine mvura yakawanda kana yakachengetwa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu.
(2) Carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution haiburitse gel, uye viscosity inoderera nekuwedzera kwekushisa. Kana tembiricha inopfuura 50 ° C, viscosity haidzoreki.
(3) Kugadzikana kwayo kunokanganisa zvakanyanya pH. Kazhinji, inogona kushandiswa mune gypsum-based mortar, asi kwete musimende-based mortar. Kana yakanyanya alkaline, inorasikirwa neviscosity.
(4) Kuchengeta kwayo mvura kwakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura methyl cellulose. Iyo ine mhedzisiro yekudzosera pane gypsum-based mortar uye inoderedza simba rayo. Nekudaro, mutengo wecarboxymethyl cellulose wakadzikira zvakanyanya pane wemethyl cellulose.
Cellulose Alkyl Ether:
Vanomiririra ndivo methyl cellulose uye ethyl cellulose. Mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, methyl chloride kana ethyl chloride inowanzo shandiswa se etherification agent, uye maitiro anotevera:
Mune fomula, R inomiririra CH3 kana C2H5. Alkali concentration haingokanganisa dhigirii re etherification, asi inokanganisawo kushandiswa kwealkyl halides. Iyo yakaderera iyo alkali concentration, yakasimba iyo hydrolysis yealkyl halide. Kuti uderedze kushandiswa kweetherifying agent, iyo alkali concentration inofanira kuwedzerwa. Nekudaro, kana iyo alkali concentration yakawandisa, kuzvimba kwe cellulose kunodzikira, izvo zvisingaite kune etherification reaction, uye dhigirii reetherification rinoderedzwa. Nechinangwa ichi, yakadzika lye kana yakasimba lye inogona kuwedzerwa panguva yekuita. Iyo reactor inofanira kuva yakanaka inomutsa uye kubvarura mudziyo kuitira kuti alkali igovane zvakaenzana. Methyl cellulose inoshandiswa zvakanyanya se thickener, adhesive uye inodzivirira colloid etc. Inogonawo kushandiswa se dispersant ye emulsion polymerization, bonding dispersant yembeu, textile slurry, additive yezvokudya uye zvizorwa, mushonga wezvokurapa, mushonga wekuputira zvinodhaka, uye unoshandiswa mu latex pendi, cementation , nguva yekugadzira uye yakavhenganiswa mukugadzirwa kwependi, cementation uye nguva yakasanganiswa. simba rekutanga, etc. Ethyl cellulose zvigadzirwa zvine simba guru remagetsi, kushanduka, kupisa kwekushisa uye kutonhora kwechando. Low-substituted ethyl cellulose inonyungudika mumvura uye inonyungudutsa alkaline mhinduro, uye zvigadzirwa zvakatsiviwa zvakanyanya zvinonyungudika mune zvakawanda organic solvents. Iine kuwirirana kwakanaka neakasiyana-siyana resin uye plasticizers. Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mapurasitiki, mafirimu, varnishes, adhesives, latex uye kunamira zvinhu zvinodhaka, etc. Kuiswa hydroxyalkyl mapoka mu cellulose alkyl ethers inogona kuvandudza solubility yayo, kuderedza kunzwisiswa kwayo kuti salting kunze, kuwedzera gelation tembiricha uye kunatsiridza inopisa kunyunguduka zvinhu, etc. The dhigirii kuchinja pamusoro zvivako pamusoro zvivako kuti substitulk reshiyo pamwe substitulk reshiyo hydroxyalkyl mapoka.
Cellulose Hydroxyalkyl Ether:
Vanomiririra ndivo hydroxyethyl cellulose uye hydroxypropyl cellulose. Etherifying agents maepoksidhi akadai se ethylene oxide uye propylene oxide. Shandisa acid kana base se catalyst. Kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri ndiko kuita alkali cellulose ine etherification agent:hydroxyethyl celluloseine high substitution value inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora nemvura inopisa. Hydroxypropyl cellulose ine high substitution value inonyungudika chete mumvura inotonhora asi kwete mumvura inopisa. Hydroxyethyl cellulose inogona kushandiswa seyakakora yemucheka we latex, kudhinda machira uye dhayi paste, mapepa saizi zvinhu, zvinonamira uye zvinodzivirira colloids. Kushandiswa kwehydroxypropyl cellulose kwakafanana neiyo hydroxyethyl cellulose. Hydroxypropyl cellulose ine low substitution value inogona kushandiswa semushonga wemishonga, unogona kuva nezvose zvinosunga nekuparadza.
Carboxymethyl cellulose, chidimbu cheChirungu CMC, chinowanzovapo muchimiro chesodium munyu. Iyo etherifying agent ndeye monochloroacetic acid, uye maitiro ndeaya anotevera:
Carboxymethyl cellulose ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mumvura-soluble cellulose ether. Munguva yakapfuura, yainyanya kushandiswa sekuchera madhaka, asi ikozvino yakawedzerwa kuti ishandiswe sekuwedzera kwe detergent, zvipfeko slurry, latex pendi, kupfekedza makadhibhodi uye mapepa, etc. Pure carboxymethyl cellulose inogona kushandiswa muzvokudya, mishonga, zvizoro, uyewo sechinhu chinonamatira chekeramics uye molds.
Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) ionic cellulose ether uye yakakwirira-yekupedzisira inotsiva chigadzirwa checarboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Ichena, isina-chena kana zvishoma yero poda kana granule, isiri-chepfu, isinganakidze, iri nyore kunyungudika mumvura kuti igadzire mhinduro yakajeka ine imwe viscosity, ine zviri nani kupisa kusagadzikana kugadzikana uye munyu kuramba, uye yakasimba antibacterial properties. Hapana mildew uye kuora. Iine maitiro ekuchena kwepamusoro, dhigirii yepamusoro yekutsiva, uye kugovera kwakafanana kwezvinotsiva. Inogona kushandiswa se binder, thickener, rheology modifier, fluid loss reducer, suspension stabilizer, etc. Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri ose ayo CMC inogona kushandiswa, iyo inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya dhigirii, kuita kuti kushandiswa, kupa kugadzikana kuri nani uye kusangana nepamusoro pekuita zvinodiwa.
Cyanoethyl cellulose ndiyo inogadzirisa chigadzirwa che cellulose uye acrylonitrile pasi pe catalysis ye alkali.
Cyanoethyl cellulose ine yakakwira dielectric inogara uye yakaderera kurasikirwa coefficient uye inogona kushandiswa seresin matrix yephosphor uye electroluminescent mwenje. Yakaderera-inotsiva cyanoethyl cellulose inogona kushandiswa sepa insulating bepa re transformer.
Mafuta epamusoro edoro ethers, alkenyl ethers, uye anonhuwirira doro ether e cellulose akagadzirwa, asi haana kushandiswa mukuita.
Nzira dzekugadzirira dze cellulose ether dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mvura yepakati nzira, solvent method, kneading method, slurry method, gas-solid method, liquid phase method uye kusanganiswa kwenzira dziri pamusoro.
5.Kugadzirira musimboti:
Iyo yakakwira α-cellulose pulp yakanyoroveswa nealkaline mhinduro yekuzvimba kuti iparadze mamwe mabhondi ehydrogen, kufambisa kupararira kwemareagents uye kugadzira alkali cellulose, uyezve kuita ne etherification agent kuti iwane cellulose ether. Etherifying agents zvinosanganisira hydrocarbon halides (kana sulfates), epoxides, uye α uye β unsaturated compounds ane maerekitironi anogamuchira.
6.Basic performance:
Admixtures inoita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza mashandiro ekuvaka yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka, uye account kune inodarika 40% yemutengo wezvinhu mudhaka rakaoma-musanganiswa. Chikamu chakakura chemusanganiswa mumusika wepamba chinopihwa nevagadziri vekunze, uye iyo referensi dosage yechigadzirwa inopihwa zvakare nemupi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mutengo wezvakaoma-musanganiswa zvigadzirwa zvedhaka zvinoramba zvakakwirira, uye zvakaoma kuparadzira zvakajairika masonry uye kupurasita madhaka nehuwandu hukuru uye huwandu hwakawanda. Zvigadzirwa zvemusika zvemhando yepamusoro zvinodzorwa nemakambani ekunze, uye vagadziri vedhaka vakaoma-musanganiswa vane purofiti yakaderera uye mutengo wakashata; mashandisirwo emusanganiswa anoshaya kurongeka uye kwakanangwa tsvagiridzo, uye neupofu kunotevera mafomula ekunze.
Mvura inochengetedza mumiriri musanganiswa wakakosha wekuvandudza mashandiro ekuchengetedza mvura yedhaka rakaomeswa rakasanganiswa, uye zvakare iri imwe yeakakosha masanganiswa kuona mutengo wezvakaoma-musanganiswa wedhaka zvinhu. Basa guru re cellulose ether kuchengetedza mvura.
Cellulose ether izwi rinowanzoreva nhevedzano yezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa nekuita kwealkali cellulose uye etherifying agent mune mamwe mamiriro. Alkali cellulose inotsiviwa nema etherifying agents akasiyana kuti awane akasiyana cellulose ether. Zvinoenderana neiyo ionization yezvinhu zvinotsiva, cellulose ethers inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: ionic (senge carboxymethyl cellulose) uye nonionic (senge methyl cellulose). Zvinoenderana nerudzi rweinotsiva, cellulose ether inogona kukamurwa kuita monoether (senge methyl cellulose) uye yakasanganiswa ether (senge hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Zvinoenderana nekunyungudika kwakasiyana, inogona kukamurwa kuita kunyungudika kwemvura (senge hydroxyethyl cellulose) uye organic solvent solubility (senge ethyl cellulose). Dry-mixed dhaka inonyanya kunyungudika mvura selulosi, uye mvura-soluble cellulose yakakamurwa kuita yekukurumidza mhando uye pamusoro-yakagadziriswa kunonoka-kuparara mhando.
Maitiro ekuita kwe cellulose ether mudhaka ndeaya anotevera:
(1) Pashure pecellulose ethermudhaka inonyungudutswa mumvura, iyo inoshanda uye yakafanana kugoverwa kweiyo simende zvinhu muhurongwa inovimbiswa nekuda kwekuita kwepamusoro, uye cellulose ether, senge inodzivirira colloid, "inoputira" iyo yakasimba zvimedu uye A layer yefirimu yekuzora inoumbwa pane yayo yekunze, iyo inoita kuti dhaka rigadzikane, uye zvakare inovandudza dhaka rekuvaka uye inovandudza dhaka rekugadzira uye inovandudza dhaka rekuvaka.
(2) Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chemolecular, iyo cellulose ether mhinduro inoita kuti mwando uri mudhaka usave nyore kurasikirwa, uye zvishoma nezvishoma inouburitsa kwenguva yakareba, ichipa dhaka nekuchengetedza mvura kwakanaka uye kushanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-28-2024