Kune akawanda marudzi ezviyo zvinomera mbishi, asi maumbirwo awo ane musiyano mudiki, kunyanya anoumbwa neshuga uye isiri-shuga.
. Yakasiyana chirimwa mbishi zvinhu zvine zvakasiyana zviri mukati mechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Izvi zvinotevera zvinosuma muchidimbu zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvechirimwa zvinhu:
Cellulose ether, lignin uye hemicellulose.
1.3 Yekutanga kuumbwa kwechirimwa zvigadzirwa
1.3.1.1 Cellulose
Cellulose is a macromolecular polysaccharide inoumbwa neD-glucose ine β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Ndiro rekare uye rakazara panyika.
Natural polymer. Chimiro chayo chemakemikari chinowanzo miririrwa neHaworth dhizaini fomula uye chigaro conformation yemaitiro formula, uko n ndiyo dhigirii repolysaccharide polymerization.
Cellulose Carbohydrate Xylan
arabinoxylan
glucuronide xylan
glucuronide arabinoxylan
glucomannan
Galactoglucomannan
arabinogalactan
Starch, pectin uye mamwe mashuga anonyungudika
zvisiri-carbohydrate zvikamu
lignin
Bvisa Lipids, Lignols, Nitrogenous Compounds, Inorganic Compounds
Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose
Terpenes, resin acids, fatty acids, sterols, anonhuwirira makomisheni, tannins.
chirimwa zvinhu
1.4 Kemikari chimiro che cellulose
1.3.1.2 Lignin
Iyo yakakosha unit ye lignin ndeye phenylpropane, iyo inobva yabatanidzwa neCC bond uye ether bond.
mhando polymer. Muchimiro chechirimwa, iyo intercellular layer ine yakanyanya lignin,
Iyo intracellular content yakaderera, asi iyo lignin yemukati yakawedzera mukati memukati wemadziro echipiri. Se intercellular substance, lignin uye hemifibrils
Pamwe chete vanozadza pakati pemafibhi akanaka emadziro emadziro, nokudaro vachisimbisa sero rusvingo rwemiti yemiti.
1.5 Lignin structural monomers, kuitira: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane uye coniferyl doro.
1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose
Kusiyana ne lignin, hemicellulose iheteropolymer inoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana dzemonosaccharides. Maererano neizvi
Mhando dzeshuga uye kuvapo kana kusavapo kweacyl mapoka anogona kukamurwa kuita glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid) -xylan,
Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, nezvimwewo mu,
Makumi mashanu kubva muzana ehuni yehuni ndeye xylan, iri pamusoro pe cellulose microfibrils uye yakabatana neshinda.
Vanoumba network yemasero akanyatsobatanidzwa kune mumwe nemumwe.
1.4 Chinangwa chetsvakiridzo, kukosha uye chikuru zvirimo zvechinyorwa ichi
1.4.1 Chinangwa uye kukosha kwetsvakiridzo
Chinangwa chetsvagurudzo iyi ndechekusarudza mhando nhatu dzinomiririra kuburikidza nekuongorora zvikamu zvezvimwe zvirimwa zvinomera.
Cellulose inotorwa kubva kune chirimwa. Sarudza yakakodzera etherifying agent, uye shandisa cellulose yakabviswa kutsiva donje kuti rive etherified uye rigadziriswe kugadzira fiber.
Vitamin ether. Iyo yakagadziridzwa cellulose ether yakaiswa kune reactive dhayi kudhinda, uye pakupedzisira mhedzisiro yekudhinda yakafananidzwa kuti uwane zvimwe.
Cellulose ethers ye reactive dye kudhinda mapete.
Chekutanga pane zvese, kutsvagisa kwechinyorwa ichi kwakagadzirisa dambudziko rekushandisazve uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemarara ezvirimwa zvakasvibirira kusvika kumwero wakati.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nzira itsva inowedzerwa kune sosi ye cellulose. Chechipiri, iyo shoma ine muchetura sodium chloroacetate uye 2-chloroethanol inoshandiswa se etherifying agents.
Panzvimbo pechepfu yechloroacetic acid ine muchetura, cellulose ether yakagadzirwa ikaiswa pajira redonje reactive dhayi paste, uye sodium alginate.
Tsvagiridzo yezvinotsiva ine imwe nhanho yekutungamira, uye zvakare ine hukuru hunoshanda kukosha uye kukosha kwereferensi.
Fiber Wall Lignin Yakanyungudutswa Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose
9
1.4.2 Tsvakurudzo yezvinyorwa
1.4.2.1 Kutorwa kwe cellulose kubva muzvirimwa
Chekutanga, zvikamu zvechirimwa mbishi zvinhu zvinoyerwa nekuongororwa, uye zvitatu zvinomiririra chirimwa zvigadzirwa zvinosarudzwa kuburitsa fiber.
Mavhitamini. Zvadaro, nzira yekubvisa cellulose yakagadziridzwa nekurapa kwakakwana kwealkali uye acid. Pakupedzisira, UV
Absorption spectroscopy, FTIR uye XRD yakashandiswa kubatanidza zvigadzirwa.
1.4.2.2 Kugadzirira kwe cellulose ethers
Ichishandisa pine wood cellulose seyakagadzirwa, yakafanotemerwa neyakaomeswa alkali, uyezve orthogonal kuyedza uye chimwe chinhu kuyedza chakashandiswa.
Maitiro ekugadzirira kweCMC, HECuye HECMC yakagadziridzwa zvakateerana.
Iyo yakagadzirwa cellulose ethers yakaratidzwa neFTIR, H-NMR uye XRD.
1.4.2.3 Kushandiswa kwe cellulose ether paste
Matatu emhando dze cellulose ethers uye sodium alginate akashandiswa seyekutanga paste, uye mwero wekuumbwa kwepaste, simba rekubata mvura uye kuenderana kwemakemikari emapasta ekutanga akaedzwa.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zvezvina zvepakutanga zvakaenzaniswa nekuremekedza zvivakwa uye kugadzikana kwekuchengetedza.
Uchishandisa matatu emhando dze cellulose ethers uye sodium alginate seyekutanga paste, gadzira kudhinda kwemavara paste, ita reactive dhayi kudhinda, pfuura tafura yekuyedza.
Kuenzanisa kwevatatucellulose ethers uye
Kudhinda zvinhu zve sodium alginate.
1.4.3 Innovation pfungwa dzekutsvaga
(1) Kusandura marara kuita pfuma, kuburitsa high-purity cellulose kubva mumarara echirimwa, izvo zvinowedzera kunobva cellulose.
Nzira itsva, uye panguva imwe chete, kune imwe nhanho, inogadzirisa dambudziko rekushandisazve tsvina yemiti yakasvibiswa uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza; uye inovandudza fiber
Kubvisa nzira.
(2) Kuongorora uye dhigirii rekutsiva cellulose etherifying agents, anowanzo shandiswa etherifying agents senge chloroacetic acid (yakanyanya chepfu), ethylene oxide (inokonzera
Kenza), nezvimwe zvinokuvadza muviri wemunhu uye zvakatipoteredza. Mubepa rino, iyo yakanyanya kushamwaridzana nharaunda sodium chloroacetate uye 2-chloroethanol inoshandiswa se etherification agents.
Panzvimbo ye chloroacetic acid uye ethylene oxide, cellulose ethers inogadzirwa. (3) Iyo yakawanikwa cellulose ether inoshandiswa kumucheka wekotoni reactive dhayi kudhinda, iyo inopa humwe hwaro hwekutsvagisa kwesodium alginate inotsiva.
refer to.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-25-2024