Kemikari maitiro mukuvirisa kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)musanganiswa wepolymer unonyungudika nemvura unowanzo shandiswa mumaindasitiri nemishonga, uye une huwandu hwakasiyana hwemashandisirwo akakosha, sekuburitswa kunodzorwa nezvinodhaka, kugadzira chikafu uye zvekuvakisa. Kuita kwemakemikari mukuita kwayo kuvirisa kunonyanya kuenderana nekuderedzwa uye kugadziridzwa kweselulosi uye zviitiko zvemetabolism yezvipembenene. Kuti tinzwisise zvirinani maitiro emakemikari eHPMC mukuita kwekuvirisa, isu chekutanga tinoda kunzwisisa chimiro chayo uye maitiro ekuora kwe cellulose.

1. Chimiro chekutanga uye maitiro ehydroxypropyl methylcellulose

HPMC inotorwa nekugadziriswa kwekemikari yemasikirwo cellulose (Cellulose). Musana weketani yayo yemamorekuru isglucose molecules (C6H12O6) yakabatana ne β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Cellulose pachayo yakaoma kunyungudika mumvura, asi nekuisa methyl (-OCH3) uye hydroxypropyl (-C3H7OH) mapoka, kunyungudika kwayo kwemvura kunogona kuvandudzwa zvikuru kuti iite soluble polymer. Maitiro ekugadzirisa eHPMC anowanzo sanganisira kuita kweselulosi ine methyl chloride (CH3Cl) uye propylene doro (C3H6O) pasi pemamiriro ealkaline, uye chigadzirwa chinoguma chine hydrophilicity yakasimba uye solubility.

2. Kuita kwemakemikari panguva yekuvirisa

Iyo yekuvirisa maitiro eHPMC inowanzoenderana nekuita kwetwupukanana, izvo zvinoshandisa HPMC senge kabhoni sosi uye kudya kunovaka muviri. Iyo yekuvirisa maitiro eHPMC inosanganisira anotevera matanho makuru:

2.1. Kuderedzwa kweHPMC

Cellulose pachayo inoumbwa nemayuniti eglucose akabatana, uye HPMC ichave yakasvibiswa nehutachiona panguva yekuvirisa, yekutanga yakaora kuita mashuga madiki anogona kushandiswa (senge glucose, xylose, nezvimwewo). Kuita uku kunowanzo sanganisira kuita kweakawanda cellulose inoshatisa enzymes. Zvinonyanya kukanganisa maitiro zvinosanganisira:

Cellulose hydrolysis reaction: Iyo β-1,4 glycosidic bonds mu cellulose molecules ichaputswa ne cellulose hydrolases (yakadai se cellulase, endocellulase), ichigadzira mapfupi cheni dzeshuga (senge oligosaccharides, disaccharides, nezvimwewo). Aya mashuga anozowedzerwa metabolized uye kushandiswa nema microorganisms.

Hydrolysis uye kuderedzwa kweHPMC: Iyo methyl uye hydroxypropyl inotsiva muHPMC molecule ichabviswa zvishoma ne hydrolysis. Iyo chaiyo mashandiro eiyo hydrolysis reaction haisati yanyatsonzwisiswa, asi zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti munzvimbo yekuvirisa, iyo hydrolysis reaction inogadziriswa nema enzymes anoburitswa ne microorganisms (senge hydroxyl esterase). Iyi nzira inotungamira mukutsemuka kweHPMC mamorekuru cheni uye kubviswa kwemapoka anoshanda, pakupedzisira kugadzira mamorekuru eshuga.

2.2. Microbial metabolic reactions

Kamwe HPMC yadzikiswa kuita mamorekuru eshuga, tupukanana tunokwanisa kushandura shuga idzi kuita simba kuburikidza nekuita enzymatic. Kunyanya, ma microorganisms anoora glucose mu ethanol, lactic acid kana mamwe metabolites kuburikidza nekuvirisa nzira. Akasiyana ma microorganisms anogona kuisa HPMC kusvibisa zvigadzirwa kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana. Nzira dzakajairika dzemetabolism dzinosanganisira:

Glycolysis nzira: Glucose yakasvibiswa kuva pyruvate nema enzymes uye inowedzera kuchinjwa kuva simba (ATP) uye metabolites (yakadai selactic acid, ethanol, nezvimwewo).

Fermentation product generation: Pasi peanaerobic kana hypoxic conditions, tupukanana tunoshandura glucose kana kugadzirwa kwayo kuita organic acids senge ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, etc. kuburikidza nenzira dzekuvirisa, dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana.

2.3. Redox reaction

Munguva yekuvirisa kweHPMC, mamwe ma microorganisms anogona kuwedzera kushandura zvigadzirwa zvepakati kuburikidza nekuita redox. Semuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwe ethanol kunoperekedzwa nekuita redox, glucose inoshongedzwa kuti ibudise pyruvate, uye ipapo pyruvate inoshandurwa kuita ethanol kuburikidza nekuderedza maitiro. Aya maitiro akakosha pakuchengetedza metabolic balance yemasero.

3. Kudzora zvinhu mukuvirisa

Munguva yekuvirisa maitiro eHPMC, zvakatipoteredza zvine simba rakakosha pakuita kwemakemikari. Semuyenzaniso, pH, tembiricha, yakanyungudika okisijeni yemukati, inovaka sosi yekumisikidza, nezvimwe zvinokanganisa metabolic chiyero chemicroorganisms uye rudzi rwezvigadzirwa. Kunyanya tembiricha uye pH, chiitiko che microbial enzymes chinogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya pasi pekushisa kwakasiyana uye pH mamiriro, saka zvinodikanwa kunyatso kudzora mamiriro ekuvirisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuora kweHPMC uye kufambira mberi kwakatsetseka kweiyo metabolic process ye microorganisms.

Nzira yekuvirisa yeHPMCinosanganisira maitiro emakemikari akaoma, kusanganisira hydrolysis ye cellulose, kuora kweHPMC, metabolism yeshuga, uye kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekuvirisa. Kunzwisisa maitiro aya hakungobatsiri chete kukwidziridza maitiro ekuvirisa kweHPMC, asi zvakare kunopa tsigiro yedzidziso yezvakabatana kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Nekudzika kwekutsvagisa, nzira dzakasimba uye dzehupfumi dzekuvirisa dzinogona kuvandudzwa mune ramangwana kuti ivandudze kuderera kweHPMC uye goho rezvigadzirwa, uye kukurudzira kushandiswa kweHPMC mu biotransformation, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye mamwe minda.