1. Ibintu byiza
(1) Inkunga ya politiki
Nk'ibikoresho bishya bishingiye ku binyabuzima n'ibikoresho by'icyatsi kibisi kandi bitangiza ibidukikije, ikoreshwa ryabyo rirambuyeeteri ya seluloseMu rwego rw'inganda hari iterambere ry'iterambere ryo kubaka umuryango wita ku bidukikije kandi uzigama umutungo mu gihe kizaza. Iterambere ry'inganda rijyanye n'intego rusange y'igihugu cyanjye yo kugera ku iterambere rirambye ry'ubukungu. Guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yagiye ishyiraho politiki n'ingamba nka "Gahunda y'Igihugu y'Iterambere rya Siyansi n'Ikoranabuhanga mu gihe Giciriritse n'Igihe Kirekire (2006-2020)" na "Gahunda y'Iterambere ry'Inganda z'Ubwubatsi "Gahunda ya Kabiri y'Imyaka Itano" mu rwego rwo gushyigikira inganda za eteri za cellulose.
Nk’uko bigaragara muri raporo ya “2014-2019 yo mu Bushinwa ishinzwe gukurikirana no gusesengura ishoramari ry’ibiribwa byo mu bwoko bwa Cellulose Ether” yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikigo cy’itangazamakuru cy’inganda z’Ubushinwa, igihugu cyashyizeho amahame akomeye yo kurengera ibidukikije, yazamuye imbaraga mu bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije ku rwego rushya. Ibihano binini ku ihumana ry’ibidukikije byagize uruhare runini mu gukemura ibibazo nko guhangana mu buryo butunguranye mu nganda za ether za cellulose no guhuza ubushobozi bw’inganda mu kubyaza umusaruro.
(2) Icyizere cy'uko hazabaho ubusabe bukurikira ni kinini kandi icyifuzo kirimo kwiyongera
Cellulose ether izwi ku izina rya "monosodium glutamate y'inganda" kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu nzego zitandukanye z'ubukungu bw'igihugu. Iterambere ry'ubukungu rizafasha mu iterambere ry'inganda za cellulose ether. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'iterambere ry'imijyi mu gihugu cyanjye ndetse n'ishoramari rikomeye rya leta mu mitungo itimukanwa n'amazu ahendutse, inganda z'ubwubatsi n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi zizongera cyane icyifuzo cya cellulose ether. Mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi n'ibiribwa, ubumenyi bw'abantu ku buzima no kurengera ibidukikije buriyongera buhoro buhoro. Ibicuruzwa bya cellulose ether bitangiza imiterere y'umubiri kandi bitangiza ibidukikije nka HPMC bizagenda bisimbura ibindi bikoresho bihari kandi bitere imbere vuba. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa rya cellulose ether mu nganda zipfuka, ibumba, amavuta yo kwisiga, uruhu, impapuro, kawunga, imiti ya buri munsi n'izindi nganda ririmo kwiyongera cyane.
(3) Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rituma inganda zitera imbere
Mu ntangiriro z'iterambere ry'inganda za eteri za cellulose mu gihugu cyanjye, ionic carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) ni yo yari umusaruro w'ingenzi. Hamwe n'ikorwa rya ionic cellulose ether ihagarariwe na PAC na non-ionic cellulose ether ihagarariwe na HPMC Hamwe n'iterambere n'ubukure bw'iyi gahunda, urwego rwo gukoresha eteri ya cellulose rwarongerewe. Ikoranabuhanga rishya n'ibicuruzwa bishya bizasimbura vuba ibicuruzwa gakondo bya eteri za cellulose mu bihe byashize kandi biteze imbere iterambere ry'inganda.
2. Ibintu bitari byiza
(1) Irushanwa ridafite imiterere myiza ku isoko
Ugereranyije n'indi mishinga y'imiti, igihe cyo kubaka umushinga wa eteri ya selulose ni gito kandi ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa cyane, bityo hari ikintu cyo kwaguka mu nganda. Byongeye kandi, bitewe no kutagira amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda n'amahame agenga isoko yashyizweho na leta, hari ibigo bito bifite urwego ruto rwa tekiniki n'ishoramari rike mu nganda; bimwe muri byo bifite ibibazo by'ihumana ry'ibidukikije ku rugero rutandukanye mu mikorere, kandi bikoresha ubuziranenge buke. Igiciro gito n'igiciro gito byatewe n'ishoramari rike ryo kurengera ibidukikije byagize ingaruka ku isoko rya eteri ya selulose, bigatuma habaho ipiganwa rikabije ku isoko. Nyuma yo gutangiza ikoranabuhanga rishya n'ibicuruzwa bishya, uburyo bwo gukuraho isoko buzanoza ipiganwa risanzweho.
(2) Ibicuruzwa bifite ikoranabuhanga rihanitse kandi bifite agaciro kanini bigenzurwa n'amahanga
Inganda zikora ether zo mu mahanga zigizwe na cellulose zatangiye mbere, kandi ibigo bikora ibintu bihagarariwe na Dow Chemical na Hercules Group muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika biri ku mwanya wa mbere mu bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gukora no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga. Bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, ibigo bikora ether zo mu gihugu zigizwe na cellulose zikora cyane cyane ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gake bifite inzira zoroshye zo gukora kandi bifite ubuziranenge buke, mu gihe ibigo by'amahanga byigaruriye isoko ry'ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gake bikoresha inyungu z'ikoranabuhanga; bityo, Ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu rya cellulose, ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gake bigomba gutumizwa mu mahanga kandi ibicuruzwa bifite inzira nke zo kohereza mu mahanga. Nubwo ubushobozi bw'inganda zikora ether zo mu gihugu zariyongereye cyane, ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku isoko mpuzamahanga buragabanuka. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'inganda zikora ether zo mu gihugu, inyungu ku bicuruzwa bifite agaciro gake zizakomeza kugabanuka, kandi ibigo byo mu gihugu bigomba gushaka iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bice ubwigenge bw'ibigo by'amahanga ku isoko ry'ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gake.
(3) Ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo
Ipamba itunganyijwe, ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'ibanzeeteri ya selulose, ni umusaruro w'ubuhinzi. Bitewe n'impinduka mu bidukikije, umusaruro n'igiciro bizahinduka, ibyo bikazana ingorane mu gutegura ibikoresho fatizo no kugenzura ikiguzi cy'inganda ziri mu nzira.
Byongeye kandi, ibikomoka kuri peteroli nka propylene oxide na methyl chloride nabyo ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gukora eteri ya selulose, kandi ibiciro byabyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ihindagurika ry'isoko rya peteroli. Impinduka mu miterere ya politiki mpuzamahanga zikunze kugira ingaruka ku biciro bya peteroli, bityo abakora eteri ya selulose bagomba guhangana n'ingaruka mbi zo guhinduka kenshi kw'ibiciro bya peteroli ku musaruro n'imikorere yabyo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 28 Mata 2024