Cellulose etherndi polima pawiri yokhala ndi ether yopangidwa ndi cellulose. Aliyense glucosyl mphete mu mapadi macromolecule lili magulu atatu hydroxyl, chachikulu hydroxyl gulu pa chisanu ndi chimodzi atomu mpweya, yachiwiri hydroxyl gulu pa wachiwiri ndi wachitatu maatomu mpweya, ndi wa haidrojeni mu gulu hydroxyl m'malo ndi hydrocarbon gulu kupanga mapadi efa zotumphukira zinthu. Ndi mankhwala omwe haidrojeni wa gulu la hydroxyl mu cellulose polima amasinthidwa ndi gulu la hydrocarbon. Cellulose ndi polyhydroxy polima pawiri yomwe simasungunuka kapena kusungunuka. Pambuyo pa etherification, mapadi amatha kusungunuka m'madzi, kusungunula alkali solution ndi organic solvent, ndipo amakhala ndi thermoplasticity.
Cellulose ndi polyhydroxy polima pawiri yomwe simasungunuka kapena kusungunuka. Pambuyo pa etherification, mapadi amatha kusungunuka m'madzi, kusungunula alkali solution ndi organic solvent, ndipo amakhala ndi thermoplasticity.
1. Chilengedwe:
The solubility wa mapadi pambuyo etherification kusintha kwambiri. Ikhoza kusungunuka m'madzi, kuchepetsa asidi, kusungunula zamchere kapena zosungunulira organic. Kusungunuka makamaka kumadalira pazifukwa zitatu: (1) Makhalidwe a magulu omwe amayambitsidwa mu ndondomeko ya etherification, anayambitsa Gulu lalikulu, kutsika kusungunuka, ndi mphamvu ya polarity ya gulu lomwe linayambitsa, ndilosavuta kuti cellulose ether isungunuke m'madzi; (2) Mlingo wa m'malo ndi kugawa magulu etherified mu macromolecule. Ma cellulose ethers ambiri amatha kusungunuka m'madzi pansi pamlingo wina wolowa m'malo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa m'malo kuli pakati pa 0 ndi 3; (3) Mlingo wa polymerization wa mapadi efa, apamwamba digiri ya polymerization, ndi zochepa sungunuka; M'munsimu mlingo wa m'malo umene ukhoza kusungunuka m'madzi, m'pamenenso amakulirakulira. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma cellulose ether omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, simenti, mafuta, chakudya, nsalu, zotsukira, utoto, mankhwala, kupanga mapepala ndi zida zamagetsi ndi mafakitale ena.
2. Kupanga:
China ndi yomwe imapanga padziko lonse lapansi komanso imagula ether ya cellulose, yomwe ikukula chaka chilichonse kuposa 20%. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyamba, pali pafupifupi 50 mabizinesi opanga mapadi etere ku China, kupanga mphamvu yopanga ma cellulose ether kuposa matani 400,000, ndipo pali mabizinesi pafupifupi 20 okhala ndi matani oposa 10,000, makamaka amafalitsidwa ku Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing ndi Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai ndi malo ena.
3. Zofunika:
Mu 2011, mphamvu yopanga CMC yaku China inali pafupifupi matani 300,000. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa ma etha apamwamba kwambiri a cellulose m'mafakitale monga mankhwala, chakudya, ndi mankhwala atsiku ndi tsiku, kufunikira kwapakhomo kwa zinthu zina zama cellulose ether kupatula CMC kukuchulukirachulukira. , mphamvu yopangira MC/HPMC ndi pafupifupi matani 120,000, ndipo ya HEC ndi pafupifupi matani 20,000. PAC ikadali pagawo lokwezera ndikugwiritsa ntchito ku China. Ndi chitukuko cha minda yayikulu yamafuta akunyanja ndikukula kwa zida zomangira, chakudya, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena, kuchuluka ndi gawo la PAC zikuchulukirachulukira chaka ndi chaka, ndikutulutsa matani opitilira 10,000.
4. Gulu:
Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake kazinthu zolowa m'malo, zitha kugawidwa mu anionic, cationic ndi nonionic ethers. Kutengera ndi etherification agent yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, pali methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl carulose cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl carulose cellulose, etc. Methyl cellulose ndi ethyl cellulose ndizothandiza kwambiri.
Methylcellulose:
Thonje woyengedwa akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alkali, cellulose ether imapangidwa kudzera muzochita zingapo ndi methane chloride ngati etherification agent. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa m'malo ndi 1.6 ~ 2.0, ndipo kusungunuka kwake kumasiyananso ndi magawo osiyanasiyana olowa m'malo. Ndi ya non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yokhazikika pa pH = 3 ~ 12. Iwo ali ngakhale bwino ndi wowuma, guar chingamu, etc. ndi surfactants ambiri. Pamene kutentha kufika kutentha kwa gelation, gelation imachitika.
(2) Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa methyl cellulose kumadalira kuchuluka kwake, kukhuthala, kukula kwa tinthu ndi kusungunuka kwake. Nthawi zambiri, ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu, fineness ndi yaying'ono, ndipo mamasukidwe ake ndiakuluakulu, kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi kumakhala kwakukulu. Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kusungirako madzi, ndipo msinkhu wa viscosity suli wofanana mwachindunji ndi mlingo wa kusunga madzi. The Kusungunuka mlingo makamaka zimadalira mlingo wa padziko kusinthidwa kwa mapadi particles ndi tinthu fineness. Pakati pa ma cellulose ethers omwe ali pamwambawa, methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ali ndi milingo yayikulu yosungira madzi.
(3) Kusintha kwa kutentha kungakhudze kwambiri kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa methyl cellulose. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kumapangitsa kuti madzi asamasungidwe kwambiri. Ngati kutentha kwa matope kupitirira 40 ° C, kusungirako madzi kwa methyl cellulose kudzachepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kupanga matope.
(4)Methyl celluloseimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito komanso kulumikizana kwamatope. “Kumamatira” pano kukutanthauza mphamvu yomangirira yomwe imamveka pakati pa chida cha wogwiritsa ntchito ndi gawo la khoma, ndiko kuti, kukana kukameta ubweya wa matope. Kumamatira kumakhala kwakukulu, kukana kukameta ubweya wa matope ndi kwakukulu, ndipo mphamvu zomwe ogwira ntchito amafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo ntchito yomanga matope ndi yosauka. Kugwirizana kwa methyl cellulose kuli pamlingo wapakatikati muzinthu za cellulose ether.
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose:
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cellulose yomwe kutulutsa kwake komanso kumwa kwake kukuchulukirachulukira. Ndi cellulose yopanda ionic yosakaniza ether yopangidwa kuchokera ku thonje woyengedwa pambuyo pa alkalization, pogwiritsa ntchito propylene oxide ndi methyl chloride monga etherification agent, kupyolera muzotsatira zingapo. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 1.2 ~ 2.0. Katundu wake amasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa methoxyl zomwe zili ndi hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi ozizira, ndipo imakumana ndi zovuta pakusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Koma kutentha kwake kwa gelation m'madzi otentha ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa methyl cellulose. Kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira kumakhalanso bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi methyl cellulose.
(2) Kukhuthala kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumakhudzana ndi kulemera kwake kwa mamolekyulu, ndipo kukula kwake kwa molekyulu kumapangitsa kukhuthala kwamphamvu. Kutentha kumakhudzanso kukhuthala kwake, pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, kukhuthala kumachepa. Komabe, chikoka cha mamasukidwe ake apamwamba komanso kutentha kwake kumakhala kotsika kuposa kwa methyl cellulose. Yankho lake ndi lokhazikika likasungidwa kutentha.
(3) Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumadalira kuchuluka kwake, kukhuthala kwake, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwake komwe kumasungira madzi pansi pa kuchuluka komweko ndikokwera kuposa kwa methyl cellulose.
(4)Hydroxypropyl methylcelluloseimakhazikika ku asidi ndi zamchere, ndipo njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yokhazikika pa pH = 2 ~ 12. Madzi a caustic ndi laimu sakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa ntchito yake, koma alkali amatha kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwake pang'ono. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi yokhazikika ku mchere wamba, koma pamene mchere wa mchere uli wambiri, kukhuthala kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution kumawonjezeka.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose akhoza kusakaniza ndi madzi sungunuka polima mankhwala kupanga yunifolomu ndi apamwamba mamasukidwe akayendedwe njira. Monga polyvinyl mowa, wowuma ether, masamba chingamu, etc.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imakhala ndi kukana bwino kwa enzyme kuposa methylcellulose, ndipo yankho lake silingawonongeke ndi michere kuposa methylcellulose.
(7) Kumamatira kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumapangidwe amatope ndikokwera kuposa methylcellulose.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose:
Amapangidwa kuchokera ku thonje loyengedwa lopangidwa ndi alkali, ndipo amachita ndi ethylene oxide ngati etherification agent pamaso pa isopropanol. Madigiri ake olowa m'malo nthawi zambiri amakhala 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ili ndi hydrophilicity yamphamvu ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, koma ndizovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Yankho lake ndi khola pa kutentha popanda gelling. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu mumatope, koma kusungirako madzi kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi methyl cellulose.
(2) Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl ndi okhazikika ku asidi ambiri ndi zamchere, ndipo zamchere zimatha kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwake pang'ono. Kuwonongeka kwake m'madzi kumakhala koyipa pang'ono kuposa methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl ali ndi ntchito yabwino yotsutsa-sag pamatope, koma amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yochepetsera simenti.
(4) Kuchita kwa hydroxyethyl cellulose yopangidwa ndi mabizinesi am'nyumba mwachiwonekere ndi yotsika kuposa ya methyl cellulose chifukwa chokhala ndi madzi ambiri komanso phulusa lalitali.
(5) Kutentha kwa madzi a hydroxyethyl cellulose ndizovuta kwambiri. Pa kutentha pafupifupi 40 ° C, mildew imatha kuchitika mkati mwa masiku atatu mpaka 5, zomwe zingakhudze ntchito yake.
Carboxymethyl cellulose:
Lonic cellulose ether amapangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe (thonje, etc.) pambuyo pa mankhwala a alkali, pogwiritsa ntchito sodium monochloroacetate monga etherification wothandizira, ndikulandira chithandizo chamankhwala angapo. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 0.4 ~ 1.4, ndipo magwiridwe ake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa m'malo.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose imakhala ndi hygroscopic, ndipo imakhala ndi madzi ambiri ikasungidwa nthawi zambiri.
(2) Carboxymethyl cellulose amadzimadzi njira sapanga gel osakaniza, ndipo mamasukidwe akayendedwe amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha. Kutentha kupitilira 50 ° C, kukhuthala kwake sikungasinthe.
(3) Kukhazikika kwake kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi pH. Nthawi zambiri, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope opangidwa ndi gypsum, koma osati mumatope opangidwa ndi simenti. Pamene kwambiri zamchere, izo kutaya mamasukidwe akayendedwe.
(4) Kusungirako madzi ndikotsika kwambiri kuposa methyl cellulose. Imalepheretsa matope a gypsum ndipo imachepetsa mphamvu zake. Komabe, mtengo wa carboxymethyl cellulose ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa methyl cellulose.
Cellulose Alkyl Ether:
Zoyimira ndi methyl cellulose ndi ethyl cellulose. Popanga mafakitale, methyl chloride kapena ethyl chloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati etherification wothandizira, ndipo zomwe zimachitika motere:
Mu chilinganizo, R imayimira CH3 kapena C2H5. Kuphatikizika kwa alkali sikungokhudza kuchuluka kwa etherification, komanso kumakhudza kumwa kwa alkyl halides. Kutsika kwa mchere wa alkali, kumapangitsa kuti hydrolysis ya alkyl halide ikhale yolimba. Kuti muchepetse kumwa kwa etherifying agent, kuchuluka kwa alkali kuyenera kuwonjezeka. Komabe, pamene ndende ya alkali ndi yochuluka kwambiri, kutupa kwa cellulose kumachepetsedwa, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi etherification reaction, ndipo mlingo wa etherification umachepetsedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, sopo wokhazikika kapena sopo wolimba akhoza kuwonjezeredwa panthawiyi. The reactor iyenera kukhala ndi chipangizo chabwino chogwedeza ndi chong'amba kuti alkaliyo igawidwe mofanana. Methyl mapadi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga thickener, zomatira ndi zoteteza colloid etc. Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati dispersant kwa emulsion polymerization, chomangira dispersant kwa mbewu, nsalu slurry, ndi zowonjezera chakudya ndi zodzoladzola, ndi mankhwala zomatira, mankhwala ❖ kuyanika zakuthupi, ndi ntchito mu latex utoto, ceramic kulamulira, kulamulira nthawi yothira, kusindikiza ndi kusindikiza nthawi yosakanikirana, kusindikiza, kusindikiza, kusindikiza ndi kusindikiza kwa nthawi yosakaniza. mphamvu yoyamba, etc. Ethyl cellulose mankhwala ndi mkulu mawotchi mphamvu, kusinthasintha, kukana kutentha ndi kuzizira kukana. Low-substituted ethyl cellulose amasungunuka m'madzi ndi kusungunula njira za alkaline, ndipo zinthu zolowa m'malo mwapamwamba zimasungunuka muzosungunulira zambiri za organic. Zimagwirizana bwino ndi ma resin osiyanasiyana ndi mapulasitiki. Iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mapulasitiki, mafilimu, varnishes, zomatira, latex ndi ❖ kuyanika zipangizo mankhwala, etc. The kumayambiriro magulu hydroxyalkyl mu mapadi alkyl ethers akhoza kusintha solubility ake, kuchepetsa tilinazo kwa salting kunja, kuonjezera kutentha gelation ndi kusintha kutentha kusungunula katundu, etc. Mlingo wa kusintha pamwamba katundu ndi substitulk chiŵerengero cha substitulk ndi chilengedwe cha substitulk. magulu a hydroxyalkyl.
Ma cellulose Hydroxyalkyl Ether:
Zoyimira ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl cellulose. Etherifying agents ndi epoxides monga ethylene oxide ndi propylene oxide. Gwiritsani ntchito asidi kapena maziko ngati chothandizira. Kupanga mafakitale ndikoyenera kuchitapo kanthu pa cellulose ya alkali ndi etherification wothandizira:hydroxyethyl cellulosendi mkulu m'malo mtengo ndi sungunuka onse madzi ozizira ndi madzi otentha. Ma cellulose a Hydroxypropyl okhala ndi mtengo wolowa m'malo wambiri amasungunuka m'madzi ozizira okha koma osati m'madzi otentha. Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira zokutira latex, kusindikiza nsalu ndi utoto, zida zopangira mapepala, zomatira ndi zotchingira zoteteza. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa hydroxypropyl cellulose ndikofanana ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose. Ma cellulose a Hydroxypropyl okhala ndi mtengo wotsika wolowa m'malo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira pamankhwala, chomwe chimatha kukhala ndi zomangira komanso zosokoneza.
Carboxymethyl cellulose, chidule cha Chingerezi CMC, nthawi zambiri chimakhala mumchere wa sodium. The etherifying wothandizila ndi monochloroacetic acid, ndipo zimene anachita motere:
Carboxymethyl cellulose ndiye ether yosungunuka m'madzi yosungunuka m'madzi. M'mbuyomu, ankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati matope obowola, koma tsopano awonjezeredwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha detergent, zovala slurry, utoto wa latex, zokutira makatoni ndi mapepala, etc. Pure carboxymethyl cellulose angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu chakudya, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, komanso monga zomatira kwa ziwiya zadothi ndi nkhungu.
Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) ndi ionic cellulose ether ndipo ndi cholowa m'malo mwa carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Ndi woyera, woyera kapena pang'ono chikasu ufa kapena granule, sanali poizoni, zoipa, zosavuta kupasuka m'madzi kupanga mandala njira ndi kukhuthala kwa kukhuthala, ali bwino kutentha kukana bata ndi mchere kukana, ndi amphamvu antibacterial katundu. Palibe mildew ndi kuwonongeka. Lili ndi makhalidwe a chiyero chapamwamba, mlingo wapamwamba wolowa m'malo, ndi kugawa kofanana kwa zolowa m'malo. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati binder, thickener, rheology modifier, kuchepetsa kutaya kwa madzimadzi, kuyimitsidwa kokhazikika, etc. Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale onse omwe CMC ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, yomwe ingachepetse kwambiri mlingo, kuthandizira kugwiritsira ntchito, kupereka kukhazikika bwino ndi kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ndondomeko yapamwamba.
Cyanoethyl cellulose ndi zomwe zimachitika mu cellulose ndi acrylonitrile pansi pa catalysis ya alkali.
Ma cellulose a Cyanoethyl ali ndi dielectric yayikulu yosasinthika komanso yotsika kwambiri ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matrix a utomoni wa nyali za phosphor ndi electroluminescent. Otsika m'malo cyanoethyl mapadi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati insulating pepala thiransifoma.
Ma ether a mowa wochuluka kwambiri, alkenyl ethers, ndi ma ethers onunkhira a mowa wa cellulose akonzedwa, koma sanagwiritsidwe ntchito pochita.
Njira zokonzekera za cellulose ether zitha kugawidwa m'njira yamadzi sing'anga, njira yosungunulira, njira yokanda, slurry njira, njira yolimba ya gasi, njira yamadzimadzi komanso kuphatikiza njira zomwe zili pamwambazi.
5.Kukonzekera mfundo:
The mkulu α-ma cellulose zamkati ankawaviika ndi njira zamchere kutupa kuti kuwononga zambiri hydrogen zomangira, atsogolere mayamwidwe reagents ndi kupanga alkali mapadi, ndiyeno anachita ndi etherification wothandizira kupeza mapadi ether. Etherifying agents monga hydrocarbon halides (kapena sulfates), epoxides, ndi α ndi β unsaturated mankhwala ndi ma elekitironi kuvomereza.
6.Basic performance:
Ma Admixtures amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera ntchito yomanga matope osakanizidwa owuma, ndipo amawerengera ndalama zoposa 40% zamtengo wapatali mumatope osakanizika. Gawo lalikulu la kuphatikizika pamsika wapakhomo limaperekedwa ndi opanga akunja, ndipo kuchuluka kwazomwe zimaperekedwanso kumaperekedwa ndi wogulitsa. Zotsatira zake, mtengo wazinthu zamatope owuma umakhalabe wokwera, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kufalitsa matope wamba ndi matope opaka utoto wambiri komanso osiyanasiyana. Zogulitsa zamsika zapamwamba zimayendetsedwa ndi makampani akunja, ndipo opanga matope osakanizidwa ndi owuma amakhala ndi phindu lochepa komanso otsika mtengo; kugwiritsa ntchito admixtures alibe kafukufuku mwadongosolo ndi chandamale, ndipo mwakhungu kutsatira mafomu akunja.
Chosungira madzi ndichophatikizira chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira kusunga madzi amatope osakanizika owuma, komanso ndi chimodzi mwazosakaniza zofunika kudziwa mtengo wazinthu zosakanikirana ndi dothi. Ntchito yayikulu ya cellulose ether ndikusunga madzi.
Ma cellulose ether ndi liwu lodziwika bwino lazinthu zingapo zopangidwa ndi momwe alkali cellulose ndi etherifying agent pansi pazifukwa zina. Ma cellulose a alkali amasinthidwa ndi ma etherifying othandizira kuti apeze ma cellulose ethers osiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi ma ionization a zinthu zolowa m'malo, ma cellulose ether amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ionic (monga carboxymethyl cellulose) ndi nonionic (monga methyl cellulose). Malinga ndi mtundu wa zolowa m'malo, cellulose ether imatha kugawidwa kukhala monoether (monga methyl cellulose) ndi ether yosakanikirana (monga hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Malinga ndi kusungunuka kosiyanasiyana, imatha kugawidwa m'madzi (monga hydroxyethyl cellulose) ndi organic solvent solubility (monga ethyl cellulose). Mtondo wosakanizika wowuma umakhala makamaka wosungunuka m'madzi, ndipo cellulose yosungunuka m'madzi imagawidwa kukhala mtundu wanthawi yomweyo komanso mtundu wothiridwa pamwamba wochedwa-kusungunuka.
Limagwirira ntchito ya cellulose ether mu matope ndi motere:
(1) Pambuyo pacellulose ethermumatope amasungunuka m'madzi, kugawa bwino ndi yunifolomu kwa zinthu za simenti mu dongosolo kumatsimikiziridwa chifukwa cha ntchito yapamtunda, ndi cellulose ether, monga colloid yoteteza, "kukuta" tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timapangidwa pamwamba pake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope azikhala okhazikika, komanso amapangitsanso kusakaniza kwamatope ndi kusakaniza kwamatope.
(2) Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mamolekyu, njira ya cellulose ether imapangitsa kuti chinyezi mumatope chisawonongeke, ndipo pang'onopang'ono chimachimasula kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikupangitsa kuti matope azikhala ndi madzi osungira bwino komanso ogwira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-28-2024