HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) ndi wamba theka-synthetic polysaccharide polima kuti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala, chakudya, makampani mankhwala ndi madera ena. Makhalidwe ake osungunuka ndi amodzi mwa malo otentha kwambiri pakufufuza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
1. Mapangidwe a maselo ndi makhalidwe a solubility a HPMC
HPMC ndi madzi sungunuka polima pawiri anapezedwa ndi etherification kusinthidwa mapadi. Chigawo chake chapangidwe ndi β-D-glucose, chomwe chimalumikizidwa kudzera mu 1,4-glycosidic bond. Mapangidwe akuluakulu a HPMC amachokera ku cellulose yachilengedwe, koma gawo la magulu ake a hydroxyl amasinthidwa ndi magulu a methoxy (-OCH₃) ndi magulu a hydroxypropyl (-CH₂CH(OH)CH₃), kotero amasonyeza khalidwe losungunuka losiyana ndi la cellulose yachilengedwe.
Kapangidwe ka maselo a HPMC kumakhudza kwambiri kusungunuka kwake. Digiri ya m'malo (DS, Degree of Substitution) ndi molar substitution (MS, Molar Substitution) ya HPMC ndi magawo ofunikira omwe amatsimikizira mawonekedwe ake a kusungunuka. The apamwamba mlingo wa m'malo, ndi magulu kwambiri hydroxyl mu molekyulu m'malo ndi hydrophobic methoxy kapena hydroxypropyl magulu, amene kumawonjezera solubility wa HPMC mu zosungunulira organic ndi amachepetsa kusungunuka m'madzi. M'malo mwake, pamene mlingo wa m'malo ndi otsika, HPMC ndi zambiri hydrophilic m'madzi ndi Kusungunuka kwake ndi mofulumira.
2. Kuwonongeka kwa HPMC
The solubility wa HPMC m'madzi ndi zovuta thupi ndi mankhwala ndondomeko, ndi kuvunda limagwirira ake makamaka zikuphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi:
Siteji yonyowetsa: HPMC ikakumana ndi madzi, mamolekyu amadzi amayamba kupanga filimu ya hydration pamwamba pa HPMC kukulunga tinthu ta HPMC. Pochita izi, mamolekyu amadzi amalumikizana ndi magulu a hydroxyl ndi methoxy mu mamolekyu a HPMC kudzera m'magulu a haidrojeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mamolekyu a HPMC anyowe pang'onopang'ono.
Gawo lotupa: Ndi kulowa kwa mamolekyu amadzi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta HPMC timayamba kuyamwa madzi ndikutupa, voliyumu imawonjezeka, ndipo unyolo wa mamolekyulu umatsika pang'onopang'ono. Mphamvu yotupa ya HPMC imakhudzidwa ndi kulemera kwake kwa maselo ndi zolowa m'malo. Kuchuluka kwa maselo olemera, nthawi yotupa imatalika; mphamvu ya hydrophilicity ya m'malo, ndipamenenso kuchuluka kwa kutupa.
Disolution stage: Pamene mamolekyu a HPMC atenga madzi okwanira, maunyolo a maselo amayamba kuchoka ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndikubalalika mu yankho. Kuthamanga kwa njirayi kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kutentha, kuthamanga kwachangu ndi zosungunulira.
HPMC zambiri zimasonyeza kusungunuka bwino m'madzi, makamaka firiji. Komabe, ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti pamene kutentha kumakwera kufika pamtunda wina, HPMC idzawonetsa zochitika za "thermal gel", ndiko kuti, kusungunuka kumachepa pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa mamolekyu amadzi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuwonjezereka kwa hydrophobic kuyanjana pakati pa mamolekyu a HPMC, zomwe zimatsogolera ku mgwirizano wa intermolecular ndi kupanga mapangidwe a gel.
3. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kusungunuka kwa HPMC
The solubility wa HPMC amakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo katundu wake thupi ndi mankhwala ndi zinthu kunja. Zifukwa zazikulu ndi izi:
Mlingo wolowa m'malo: Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zolowa m'malo mwa HPMC zimakhudza mwachindunji kusungunuka kwake. Zomwe zimalowetsamo, magulu ochepa a hydrophilic mu molekyulu komanso amasungunuka kwambiri. M'malo mwake, pakakhala zotsalira zochepa, hydrophilicity ya HPMC imakulitsidwa ndipo kusungunuka kumakhala bwino.
Kulemera kwa mamolekyu: Kulemera kwa mamolekyu a HPMC kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi nthawi yake yowonongeka. Kulemera kwa maselo kumapangitsa kuti kusungunuka kwapang'onopang'ono. Izi ndichifukwa choti tcheni cha molekyulu cha HPMC chokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa mamolekyu ndiatali ndipo mamolekyu amakhala omangika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mamolekyu amadzi azikhala ovuta kulowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kutupa ndi kusungunuka.
Kutentha kwa yankho: Kutentha ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kusungunuka kwa HPMC. HPMC amasungunula mofulumira pa kutentha otsika, pamene kutentha kwambiri akhoza kupanga gel osakaniza ndi kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwake. Choncho, HPMC kawirikawiri anakonza m'madzi otsika kutentha kupewa gelation pa kutentha kwambiri.
Zosungunulira mtundu: HPMC si sungunuka m'madzi, komanso sungunuka zina zosungunulira organic, monga Mowa, isopropyl mowa, etc. Kusungunuka mu zosungunulira organic zimadalira mtundu ndi kugawa m'malo. Nthawi zonse, HPMC imakhala ndi kusungunuka kosakwanira mu zosungunulira za organic, ndipo madzi okwanira ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti athetse kusungunuka.
Phindu la pH: HPMC ili ndi kulolerana kwina kwa pH ya yankho, koma pansi pa mikhalidwe ya asidi ndi zamchere, kusungunuka kwa HPMC kudzakhudzidwa. Nthawi zambiri, HPMC imakhala ndi kusungunuka kwabwinoko mu pH ya 3 mpaka 11.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito HPMC m'magawo osiyanasiyana
The solubility wa HPMC zimapangitsa kukhala zothandiza m'madera ambiri:
Munda wamankhwala: HPMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zokutira, zomatira komanso zotulutsa zokhazikika pamapiritsi amankhwala. Mu zokutira mankhwala, HPMC akhoza kupanga yunifolomu filimu kusintha bata la mankhwala; m'mapangidwe otulutsidwa mosalekeza, HPMC imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa powongolera kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwake, potero amapeza kuperekera kwamankhwala kwanthawi yayitali.
Makampani azakudya: Muzakudya, HPMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener, emulsifier ndi stabilizer. Chifukwa HPMC ili ndi kusungunuka kwamadzi kwabwino komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha, imatha kupereka mawonekedwe oyenera komanso kukoma muzakudya zosiyanasiyana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chikhalidwe chosakhala cha ionic cha HPMC chimalepheretsa kuti isagwirizane ndi zakudya zina ndikusunga kukhazikika kwa thupi ndi mankhwala.
Makampani opanga mankhwala atsiku ndi tsiku: HPMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera komanso emulsifier muzinthu monga shampu, zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi zonona kumaso. Kusungunuka kwake kwabwino m'madzi ndi kukhuthala kumamupangitsa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, HPMC imatha kulumikizana ndi zosakaniza zina zogwira ntchito kuti zipititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito.
Zipangizo zomangira: M'makampani omanga, HPMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera komanso chosungira madzi mumatope a simenti, zomatira matailosi ndi zokutira. HPMC imatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito azinthu izi, kuwonjezera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, ndikuwongolera kukana kwawo ming'alu.
Monga zinthu za polima zomwe zimakhala ndi kusungunuka kwabwino, khalidwe la kusungunuka kwa HPMC limakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, monga mawonekedwe a maselo, kutentha, pH mtengo, ndi zina zotero. Kusungunuka kwa HPMC sikungotsimikizira momwe amagwirira ntchito muzitsulo zamadzimadzi, komanso kumakhudzanso ntchito zake m'makampani opanga mankhwala, chakudya, mankhwala ndi zomangamanga tsiku ndi tsiku.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-14-2024