Kodi zida zazikulu za cellulose ndi ziti?

Ma cellulose, imodzi mwazinthu zopanga organic zochulukira padziko lapansi, imakhala ngati gawo lopangira ma cell makoma a zomera. Polysaccharide yovutayi imapangidwa ndi mayunitsi obwerezabwereza a mamolekyu a shuga olumikizidwa palimodzi, kupanga maunyolo aatali. Zida zazikulu zopangira ma cellulose zimachokera ku zomera, makamaka matabwa, thonje, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotsalira zaulimi.

Wood Pulp:
Wood zamkati ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapadi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gawo lalikulu la kupanga cellulose padziko lonse lapansi. Amachokera ku ulusi wamatabwa, makamaka kuchokera kumitengo yofewa ndi yolimba. Mitengo ya Softwood ngati paini, spruce, ndi fir imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha ulusi wawo wautali komanso kuchuluka kwa cellulose, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kupanga zamkati. Mitengo yamitengo yolimba monga birch, bulugamu, ndi thundu imagwiritsidwanso ntchito, ngakhale ndi njira zopangira zosiyana pang'ono chifukwa cha ulusi wake wamfupi komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala.

Zamkati zamatabwa zimachotsedwa kudzera munjira zingapo zamakina ndi mankhwala. Poyamba, zipika zimadulidwa ndikudulidwa mu zidutswa zing'onozing'ono. Tchipisi izi zimayikidwa ndi makina akupera kapena mankhwala kuti alekanitse ulusi wa cellulose kuzinthu zina monga lignin ndi hemicellulose. Zamkati zomwe zimatuluka zimatsukidwa, kuziziritsidwa, ndi kuyengedwa kuti apeze mtundu wofunidwa wa cellulose wogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Thonje:
Thonje, ulusi wachilengedwe womwe umachokera ku mbewu za thonje, ndi gwero linanso lalikulu la cellulose. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi cellulose yoyera, yokhala ndi lignin yochepa komanso hemicellulose. Ma cellulose a thonje amadziwika kuti ndi oyera komanso amphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri za cellulose monga nsalu, mapepala, ndi zotumphukira za cellulose.

Njira yochotsera cellulose ku thonje imaphatikizapo kulekanitsa ulusi kuchokera ku njere za thonje ndi zonyansa zina kudzera m'njira zingapo zopangira ginning, kuyeretsa, ndi makhadi. Ulusi wa thonje wotsatira umakonzedwanso kuti achotse zonyansa zonse ndikuyenga cellulose kuti agwiritse ntchito.

Zotsalira zaulimi:
Zotsalira zosiyanasiyana zaulimi, monga udzu, matumba, mbaula za chimanga, mankhusu a mpunga, ndi nzimbe, zimagwiranso ntchito ngati magwero a cellulose. Zotsalirazi ndizochokera ku ulimi ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, ndi mankhwala ena achilengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito zotsalira zaulimi popanga ma cellulose kumapindulitsa chilengedwe pochepetsa zinyalala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zongowonjezedwanso.

Kuchotsa cellulose ku zotsalira zaulimi kumaphatikizapo njira zofanana ndi kupanga zamkati zamatabwa, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kukula, mankhwala, ndi kuyenga. Komabe, kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi kapangidwe ka zotsalira zaulimi zitha kukhala zosiyana ndi matabwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zosintha pakukonza magawo kuti akwaniritse zokolola za cellulose komanso mtundu.

Algae:
Ngakhale kuti sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zamkati zamatabwa, thonje, kapena zotsalira zaulimi, mitundu ina ya algae imakhala ndi cellulose ndipo yafufuzidwa ngati njira zopangira mapadi. Algal cellulose imapereka zabwino monga kukula msanga, kuchuluka kwa cellulose, komanso zofunikira zochepa za nthaka ndi madzi poyerekeza ndi zomera zapadziko lapansi.

Kuchotsa cellulose ku algae kumaphatikizapo kugwetsa makoma a cellulose kuti amasule ulusi wa cellulose, kutsatiridwa ndi kuyeretsa ndi kukonza kuti mupeze zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kupanga ma cellulose opangidwa ndi algae akupitilira, ndicholinga chofuna kupanga njira zokhazikika komanso zachuma zopangira zinthu zazikulu.

zazikulu zopangira zacellulosezikuphatikizapo matabwa, thonje, zotsalira zaulimi, ndipo, pang'ono, mitundu ina ya ndere. Zopangira izi zimatsata njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira kuti zichotse ndikuyeretsa mapadi, zomwe zimakhala ngati gawo losunthika komanso lofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ndi malonda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kupanga mapepala, nsalu, mankhwala, zakudya, ndi mafuta amafuta. Ukadaulo wokhazikika wopeza zinthu komanso upangiri waukadaulo ukupitilizabe kupititsa patsogolo kupanga ma cellulose, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe, ndikukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwachilengedwechi.