Cellulose ether ndi gulu lofunika kwambiri la mankhwala a polima, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, mankhwala, chakudya ndi zina. Mwa iwo, HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), MC (methylcellulose), HEC (hydroxyethyl cellulose) ndi CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) ndi ma ethers anayi wamba.
Methyl cellulose (MC):
MC imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira ndipo imakhala yovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Njira yamadzimadzi imakhala yokhazikika pa pH = 3 ~ 12, imakhala yogwirizana bwino, ndipo imatha kusakanikirana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya surfactants monga starch ndi guar gum. Pamene kutentha kufika kutentha kwa gelation, gelation imachitika.
Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa MC kumadalira kuchuluka kwake, kukhuthala, kukongola kwa tinthu ndi kusungunuka kwake. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa madzi osungirako kumakhala kwakukulu pamene kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono komanso mamasukidwe apamwamba. Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa ndalamazo kumakhudza kwambiri kusungirako madzi, ndipo msinkhu wa viscosity suli wofanana ndi kusungirako madzi. The Kusungunuka mlingo makamaka zimadalira pamwamba kusinthidwa digirii ndi tinthu fineness wa mapadi particles.
Kusintha kwa kutentha kudzakhudza kwambiri kusunga madzi kwa MC. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kumapangitsa kuti madzi asamasungidwe kwambiri. Ngati kutentha kwa matope kupitirira 40 ° C, kusunga madzi kwa MC kudzachepetsedwa kwambiri, kukhudza kwambiri ntchito yomanga matope.
MC imakhudza kwambiri ntchito yomanga ndi kumamatira kwamatope. Apa, "kumatira" kumatanthauza kumamatira pakati pa zida zomangira za wogwira ntchito ndi gawo lapansi la khoma, ndiko kuti, kukana kukameta ubweya wa matope. Kumamatira kwakukulu, kumapangitsanso kumeta ubweya wa matope, mphamvu yaikulu yomwe wogwira ntchito amafunikira panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito yomanga matope. Kumamatira kwa MC kuli pamlingo wapakatikati pakati pa zinthu za cellulose ether.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC):
HPMC ndi mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi, koma zingakhale zovuta kupasuka m'madzi otentha. Komabe, kutentha kwake kwa gelation m'madzi otentha ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa MC, komanso kusungunuka kwake m'madzi ozizira kumakhalanso kwabwino kuposa kwa MC.
Kukhuthala kwa HPMC kumakhudzana ndi kulemera kwa maselo, ndipo kukhuthala kumakhala kwakukulu pamene kulemera kwa maselo kuli kwakukulu. Kutentha kumakhudzanso mamasukidwe ake, ndipo mamasukidwe akayendedwe amachepetsa pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, koma kutentha kumene mamasukidwe akayendedwe ake amachepetsa ndi otsika kuposa MC. Yankho lake ndi lokhazikika kutentha.
Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa HPMC kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera ndi kukhuthala, ndi zina zotero. Kusungirako madzi pamtengo wowonjezera womwewo ndi wapamwamba kuposa wa MC.
HPMC ndi yokhazikika ku ma acid ndi alkalis, ndipo njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yokhazikika mu pH ya 2 ~ 12. Soda wa caustic ndi madzi a mandimu alibe mphamvu zochepa pakuchita kwake, koma alkali amatha kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala. HPMC ndi yokhazikika ku mchere wambiri, koma pamene mchere wa mchere uli wambiri, kukhuthala kwa njira ya HPMC kumawonjezeka.
HPMC akhoza kusakaniza ndi madzi sungunuka polima mankhwala kupanga yunifolomu, apamwamba mamasukidwe akayendedwe njira, monga polyvinyl mowa, wowuma efa, masamba chingamu, etc.
HPMC ili ndi kukana bwino kwa ma enzyme kuposa MC, ndipo yankho lake silingawonongeke kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa enzymatic kuposa MC. HPMC imamatira bwino kumatope kuposa MC.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC):
HEC imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira ndipo imakhala yovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakhala yokhazikika pa kutentha kwakukulu ndipo ilibe katundu wa gel. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope kwa nthawi yayitali kutentha kwambiri, koma kusungirako madzi kumakhala kotsika kuposa MC.
HEC imakhala yokhazikika ku ma acid ndi ma alkalis, alkali imatha kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala pang'ono, ndipo dispersibility yake m'madzi ndiyotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi MC ndi HPMC.
HEC ili ndi ntchito yabwino yoyimitsa matope, koma simenti imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yochepetsera.
HEC yopangidwa ndi mabizinesi apakhomo imakhala yocheperako kuposa MC chifukwa chokhala ndi madzi ambiri komanso phulusa.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC):
CMC ndi ionic cellulose ether yokonzedwa ndi njira zingapo zochiritsira pambuyo poti ulusi wachilengedwe (monga thonje) umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alkali ndipo chloroacetic acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati etherifying agent. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa 0.4 ndi 1.4, ndipo magwiridwe ake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa kulowetsedwa.
CMC ali thickening ndi emulsification kukhazikika zotsatira, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu zakumwa munali mafuta ndi mapuloteni kuchita mbali emulsification bata.
CMC ili ndi mphamvu yosunga madzi. Pazakudya za nyama, mkate, ma buns otenthedwa ndi zakudya zina, zimatha kuthandizira kukonza minofu, ndipo zimatha kupangitsa kuti madzi asasunthike, kuonjezera zokolola, ndikuwonjezera kukoma.
CMC ili ndi gelling effect ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga odzola ndi kupanikizana.
CMC ikhoza kupanga filimu pamwamba pa chakudya, chomwe chimakhala ndi zoteteza pa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndikuwonjezera moyo wa alumali wa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Ma cellulose ether awa ali ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso malo ogwiritsira ntchito. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zoyenera kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi zofunikira za ntchito komanso momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-29-2024