Zotsatira za mankhwala mu nayonso mphamvu ya hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)ndi polima osungunuka m'madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi azachipatala, ndipo ali ndi zinthu zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito, monga kutulutsa koyendetsedwa ndi mankhwala, kukonza chakudya ndi zomangira. The zimachitikira mankhwala mu nayonso mphamvu ndondomeko makamaka zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka ndi kusinthidwa mapadi ndi kagayidwe kachakudya zochita za tizilombo. Kuti timvetsetse bwino momwe HPMC imagwirira ntchito pakuwotchera, choyamba tiyenera kumvetsetsa kapangidwe kake komanso momwe amawonongera cellulose.

1. Mapangidwe oyambirira ndi katundu wa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

HPMC ndi chotulukapo chomwe chimapezedwa ndi kusinthidwa kwa mankhwala a cellulose yachilengedwe (Cellulose). Msana wa unyolo wa mamolekyulu ake ndi mamolekyu a shuga (C6H12O6) olumikizidwa ndi β-1,4 glycosidic bond. Cellulose palokha ndizovuta kusungunuka m'madzi, koma poyambitsa magulu a methyl (-OCH3) ndi hydroxypropyl (-C3H7OH), kusungunuka kwake kwa madzi kumatha kusintha kwambiri kuti apange polima yosungunuka. Njira yosinthira ya HPMC nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo momwe mapadi amachitira ndi methyl chloride (CH3Cl) ndi propylene alcohol (C3H6O) pansi pamikhalidwe yamchere, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala ndi hydrophilicity yamphamvu komanso kusungunuka.

2. Chemical zimachitikira pa nayonso mphamvu

The nayonso mphamvu ndondomeko HPMC zambiri zimadalira zochita za tizilombo, amene ntchito HPMC monga mpweya gwero ndi gwero la zakudya. Njira yowotchera ya HPMC ili ndi magawo akulu awa:

2.1. Kuwonongeka kwa HPMC

Ma cellulose amapangidwa ndi mayunitsi a shuga omwe amalumikizidwa, ndipo HPMC idzawonongeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda panthawi ya nayonso mphamvu, yomwe imawola kukhala shuga wocheperako (monga shuga, xylose, etc.). Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zochita za ma enzyme angapo owononga cellulose. Zoyambitsa zazikulu zakuwonongeka ndizo:

Ma cellulose hydrolysis reaction: The β-1,4 glycosidic bonds mu cellulose molecules idzasweka ndi cellulose hydrolases (monga cellulase, endocellulase), kupanga maunyolo amfupi a shuga (monga oligosaccharides, disaccharides, etc.). Mashugawa adzasinthidwanso ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Hydrolysis ndi kuwonongeka kwa HPMC: Ma methyl ndi hydroxypropyl omwe ali mu molekyulu ya HPMC adzachotsedwa pang'ono ndi hydrolysis. Limagwirira enieni a hydrolysis anachita silinamveke bwino, koma tinganene kuti mu nayonso mphamvu chilengedwe, ndi hydrolysis anachita catalyzed ndi michere kutulutsidwa ndi tizilombo (monga hydroxyl esterase). Izi zimabweretsa kusweka kwa maunyolo a HPMC ndi kuchotsedwa kwa magulu ogwira ntchito, pomaliza kupanga mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono a shuga.

2.2. Ma Microbial metabolic reaction

HPMC ikasinthidwa kukhala mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono a shuga, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatha kusintha mashugawa kukhala mphamvu kudzera muzochita za enzymatic. Makamaka, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timawola shuga kukhala ethanol, lactic acid kapena ma metabolites ena kudzera munjira zoyatsira. Tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono ta HPMC titha kusokoneza zinthu zowononga kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Njira zodziwika bwino za metabolic ndi:

Njira ya glycolysis: Glucose amavunda kukhala pyruvate ndi michere ndikusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu (ATP) ndi metabolites (monga lactic acid, ethanol, etc.).

Kuwotchera mankhwala m'badwo: Pansi pa anaerobic kapena hypoxic mikhalidwe, tizilombo timasintha shuga kapena kuwonongeka kwake mu zidulo organic monga Mowa, lactic acid, asidi asidi, etc. kudzera nayo nayonso mphamvu njira, amene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira zosiyanasiyana mafakitale.

2.3. Redox reaction

Pa nayonso mphamvu ndondomeko ya HPMC, ena tizilombo mwinanso kusintha wapakatikati mankhwala kudzera redox zimachitikira. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga kwa ethanol kumayendera limodzi ndi machitidwe a redox, shuga amapangidwa ndi okosijeni kuti apange pyruvate, kenako pyruvate imasinthidwa kukhala ethanol kudzera muzochita zochepetsera. Zochita izi ndizofunikira kuti ma cell asamayende bwino.

3. Control zinthu mu nayonso mphamvu ndondomeko

Pa nayonso mphamvu ndondomeko ya HPMC, zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chikoka kwambiri pa zochita za mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, pH, kutentha, kusungunuka kwa okosijeni, gwero la michere, ndi zina zotero zidzakhudza kagayidwe kake ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mtundu wa mankhwala. Makamaka kutentha ndi pH, ntchito ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono michere zingasiyane kwambiri pansi osiyana kutentha ndi pH zinthu, choncho m'pofunika molondola kulamulira nayonso mphamvu zinthu kuonetsetsa kuwonongeka kwa HPMC ndi patsogolo yosalala ya kagayidwe kachakudya ndondomeko tizilombo.

Njira nayonso mphamvu yaMtengo wa HPMCimakhudzanso zovuta zamagulu, kuphatikizapo hydrolysis ya mapadi, kuwonongeka kwa HPMC, kagayidwe ka shuga, ndi kupanga zinthu zowotcha. Kumvetsetsa izi sikumangothandiza kukhathamiritsa njira yowotchera ya HPMC, komanso kumapereka chithandizo chamalingaliro pazokhudza kupanga mafakitale. Ndi kuzama kwa kafukufuku, njira zowotchera zogwira mtima komanso zachuma zitha kupangidwa mtsogolomo kuti ziwongolere kuwonongeka kwa HPMC ndi zokolola zazinthu, ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito HPMC mu biotransformation, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi zina.