Kusanthula kwazomwe zimayambitsa kupaka gypsum wosanjikiza
1. Kusanthula chifukwa cha pulasitala gypsum zopangira
a) pulasitala wosayenerera
Kumanga gypsum muli mkulu zili dihydrate gypsum, amene amatsogolera kulumikiza mofulumira pulasitala gypsum. Kuti pulasitala gypsum akhale ndi nthawi yotsegulira yoyenera, retarder yowonjezereka iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti izi ziwonjezeke; sungunuka anhydrous gypsum pomanga gypsum AIII High okhutira, AIII kukula ndi wamphamvu kuposa β-hemihydrate gypsum mu siteji yotsatira, ndi voliyumu kusintha kwa pulasitala gypsum ndi wosagwirizana pa ndondomeko kuchiritsa, kuchititsa expansion akulimbana; Zomwe zimachiritsira za β-hemihydrate gypsum pomanga gypsum ndizochepa, ndipo ngakhale kuchuluka kwa calcium sulfate kumakhala kochepa; kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta gypsum ndi chimodzi ndipo palibe gradation.
b) Zowonjezera zosavomerezeka
Sili mkati mwa pH yogwira kwambiri ya retarder; mphamvu ya gel ya retarder ndi yochepa, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi kwakukulu, mphamvu ya pulasitala ya gypsum imachepetsedwa kwambiri, nthawi yapakati pa nthawi yoyambira ndi nthawi yomaliza yomaliza ndi yaitali; mlingo wosungira madzi wa cellulose ether ndi wotsika, kutaya madzi kumathamanga; cellulose ether amasungunuka pang'onopang'ono, osati oyenera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa makina.
Yankho:
a) Sankhani gypsum yomanga yoyenerera komanso yosasunthika, nthawi yoyika koyamba ndi yoposa 3min, ndipo mphamvu yosinthika ndiyoposa 3MPa.
b) Sankhanicellulose etherndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso mphamvu yabwino yosungira madzi.
c) Sankhani retarder yomwe ilibe mphamvu pang'ono pakuyika gypsum.
2. Kusanthula kwazifukwa za ogwira ntchito yomanga
a) Wopanga pulojekiti amalemba anthu ogwira ntchito popanda luso la zomangamanga ndipo sachita maphunziro ophunzitsira mwadongosolo. Ogwira ntchito yomangayo sanadziwe zofunikira ndi zofunikira zomanga za gypsum, ndipo sangathe kugwira ntchito motsatira malamulo omangamanga.
b) Kasamalidwe kaumisiri ndi kasamalidwe kaubwino wagawo lopanga makontrakitala ndi ofooka, palibe oyang'anira pamalo omanga, ndipo ntchito zosagwirizana ndi ogwira ntchito sizingawongoleredwe munthawi yake;
c) Ntchito zambiri zopalasa ndi gypsum pulasitala zili ngati ntchito yoyeretsa, kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwake komanso kunyalanyaza ubwino wake.
Yankho:
a) Kupulata makontrakitala a ntchito kumalimbitsa maphunziro a ntchito ndi kuwululira zaukadaulo asanamangidwe.
b) Kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe ka malo omanga.
3. Kusanthula chifukwa cha pulasitala pulasitala
a) Mphamvu yomaliza ya pulasitala gypsum ndi yochepa ndipo sangathe kukana kupsinjika kwa shrinkage chifukwa cha kutaya madzi; kutsika kwamphamvu kwa pulasitala gypsum ndi chifukwa cha zopangira zosayenerera kapena chilinganizo chosayenerera.
b) Kukaniza kwa gypsum yopaka pulasitala sikoyenera, ndipo gypsum yopakayi imasonkhana pansi, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi aakulu, kuchititsa ming'alu yopingasa.
c) Nthawi yosakaniza ya matope opaka gypsum ndi yaifupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kusakanizika kosagwirizana kwa matope, mphamvu zochepa, kuchepa komanso kukulitsa kosagwirizana kwa gypsum wosanjikiza.
d) Dongo lopaka gypsum lomwe lakhazikitsidwa litha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mukathira madzi.
Yankho:
a) Gwiritsani ntchito pulasitala oyenerera gypsum, amene amakwaniritsa zofunika za GB/T28627-2012.
b) Gwiritsani ntchito zida zosakaniza zofananira kuti mutsimikizire kuti pulasitala ya gypsum ndi madzi asakanizidwa mofanana.
c) Ndi zoletsedwa kuthira madzi mumtondo umene waikidwa poyamba, kenako nkugwiritsanso ntchito
4. Kusanthula kwazinthu zoyambira
a) Pakadali pano, zida zatsopano zamakhoma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zomangidwa kale, ndipo kuyanika kwawo kocheperako kumakhala kokulirapo. Pamene zaka za midadada sizikwanira, kapena chinyontho cha midadada ndichokwera kwambiri, etc., pakatha nthawi yowuma, ming'alu idzawonekera pakhoma chifukwa cha kutaya madzi ndi kuchepa, ndipo pulasitala wosanjikiza adzasweka.
b) Kuphatikizika pakati pa chimango chopangidwa ndi konkriti ndi zida zapakhoma ndipamene zida ziwiri zosiyana zimakumana, ndipo ma coefficients awo okulirapo amasiyana. Kutentha kukasintha, kusinthika kwazinthu ziwirizo sikumalumikizidwa, ndipo ming'alu yosiyana idzawonekera. Mizati yapakhoma wamba Ming'alu yolunjika pakati pa matabwa ndi ming'alu yopingasa pansi pa mtengowo.
c) Gwiritsani ntchito aluminium formwork kutsanulira konkriti pamalowo. Pamwamba pa konkire ndi yosalala ndi bwino anagwirizana ndi pulasitala wosanjikiza. Pansi pa pulasitala wosanjikiza amachoka mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa ming'alu.
d) Zomwe zili m'munsi ndi gypsum yopaka utoto zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kalasi ya mphamvu, ndipo pansi pa mgwirizano wowumitsa shrinkage ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, kukulitsa ndi kutsika kumakhala kosagwirizana, makamaka pamene maziko a khoma lazitsulo ali ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso mphamvu zochepa, kupaka gypsum wosanjikiza nthawi zambiri kumatulutsa ayezi. Tambasulani ming'alu, ngakhale malo aakulu a dzenje. e) Chigawo choyambira chimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amadzi komanso kuthamanga kwamadzi mwachangu.
Yankho:
a) Pansi pa konkire woposidwa kumene zikhala zouma kwa masiku 10 m'chilimwe komanso masiku opitilira 20 m'nyengo yozizira polowera mpweya wabwino. Pamwamba pake ndi yosalala ndipo maziko ake amatenga madzi mofulumira. Interface agent iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito;
b) Zida zolimbikitsira monga nsalu za gridi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira makoma a zinthu zosiyanasiyana
c) Zida zopepuka zapakhoma ziyenera kusamalidwa bwino.
5. Kusanthula kwazifukwa za ntchito yomanga
a) Chigawo choyambira chimakhala chouma kwambiri popanda kunyowetsa koyenera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe. Gypsum yopaka gypsum imakhudzana ndi maziko, chinyezi cha gypsum chopaka chimalowa mwamsanga, madzi amatayika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa pulasitala ya gypsum kumachepa, kuchititsa ming'alu, kumakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwirizanitsa.
b) Mapangidwe a mazikowo ndi osauka, ndipo gypsum wosanjikiza m'deralo ndi wandiweyani. Ngati pulasitala ayikidwa nthawi imodzi, matopewo amagwa ndikupanga ming'alu yopingasa.
c) Kutsekera kwa hydroelectric sikunagwiridwe bwino. Mipata ya Hydropower siyimadzazidwa ndi gypsum yokhotakhota kapena konkriti yamwala yabwino yokhala ndi zowonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kusweka kwamphamvu, komwe kumabweretsa kusweka kwa gypsum wosanjikiza.
d) Palibe chithandizo chapadera cha nthiti zokhomerera, ndipo pulasitala ya gypsum yomangidwa m'dera lalikulu imaphwanya nthiti.
Yankho:
a) Gwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri pochiza wosanjikiza wapansi ndi mphamvu yochepa komanso kuyamwa kwamadzi mwachangu.
b) Makulidwe a gypsum wosanjikiza ndi wokulirapo, wopitilira 50mm, ndipo ayenera kukwapula pang'onopang'ono.
c) Kuchita ntchito yomanga ndi kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe kabwino ka malo omangapo.
6. Kusanthula chifukwa cha malo omanga
a) Nyengo ndi youma komanso yotentha.
b) Liwiro la mphepo
c) Kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi chilimwe, kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu komanso chinyezi chimakhala chochepa.
Yankho:
a) Kumanga sikuloledwa pakakhala mphepo yamphamvu ya mlingo wachisanu kapena kupitirira apo, ndipo kumanga sikuloledwa pamene kutentha kuli pamwamba pa 40 ℃.
b) Kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi chilimwe, sinthani njira yopangira gypsum.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-25-2024