Whakarāpopototanga:
He mahi nui tā te umanga hanga whare ki te hanga i te ao hou, ko te sima te poraka hanga matua. Mō ngā tau maha, kua rapu tonu ngā kairangahau me ngā miihini i ngā huarahi hei whakapai ake i te kounga me te mahi a te sima. Ko tētahi huarahi whai hua ko te tāpiri i ngā tāpiringa, ā, kua rongonui te konupūmā formate.
whakauru:
He wāhanga nui te sima i roto i te hanganga, ā, me whakapai tonu kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia hurihuri o te umanga. Kua kitea te whai hua o te tāpiri i ngā tāpiringa hei rautaki whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te sima. Kua arohia te konupūmā formate, he matū i puta mai i te tauhohenga o te konupūmā waikura me te waikawa formic, mō tōna kaha ki te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te sima. Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga he whakamārama i ngā huarahi e pā pai ai te konupūmā formate ki te kounga me te mahi a te sima.
Ngā āhuatanga matū o te konupūmā formate:
I mua i te ruku hohonu ki ngā pānga o te konupūmā formate ki te sima, he mea nui kia mārama ki te matū o tēnei tāpiri. He paura tioata mā te konupūmā formate, ko tōna tauira matū ko Ca(HCOO)2. He wairewa-wai, ā, he āhuatanga hygroscopic tōna. Mā te huinga ahurei o te konupūmā me ngā katote formate ka hoatu he āhuatanga motuhake ki te matū, kia pai ai mō ngā momo tono, tae atu ki te whakapai ake i te sima.
Tikanga:
Mā te whakaurunga o te konupūmā formate ki roto i ngā ranunga sima ka whakaurua mai ētahi tikanga hei whakapai ake i te mahi. Ko tētahi tikanga nui ko te whakatere i te whakamakuku sima. Ka mahi te konupūmā formate hei whakakorikori, e whakatairanga ana i te hanganga o ngā hydrates pērā i te konupūmā silicate hydrate (CSH) me te ettringite. Nā tēnei whakaterenga ka tere ake te wā whakatakoto me te piki ake o te whanaketanga kaha wawe.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka mahi te konupūmā formate hei wāhi whakapūmau mō te taunga waikura, ka pā ki te hanganga moroiti o te hanganga sima. Ko te hua o tēnei whakarerekētanga he tohatoha waikura kiato ake, kia ōrite ake hoki, e āwhina ana ki te whakapai ake i te roa me te whakaiti i te uruhanga.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka whai wāhi te konupūmā formate ki te tauhohenga pozzolanic, ka tauhohe ki te konupūmā hauwai hei hanga i tētahi atu CSH gel. Ehara i te mea ka whai wāhi tēnei tauhohenga ki te whanaketanga kaha anake, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te tūponotanga o te hanganga ettringite whakaroa (DEF), he āhuatanga ka taea te whakararu i te roa o te mau o te sima.
Te whakapai ake i te kounga o te sima:
Te Whakawhanaketanga Kaha o te Wā Moata:
Ko te kaha o te konupūmā formate ki te whakateretere i te makuku o te sima ka hua ake he whakapainga nui ki te whanaketanga o te kaha i te tīmatanga. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā kaupapa hanga e hiahia ana kia tere te whakakaha. Mā te tere o te wā whakatakoto e whakatairangahia ana e te konupūmā formate ka tere ake te tango i ngā anga hanga me te tere ake te ahunga whakamua o te hanga.
Te roa o te mau:
Ka tāpirihia te konupūmā formate hei whakarerekē i te hanganga moroiti o te sima, ka hua ake he rauemi pakari ake. Ko te nui haere o te mātotoru me te tohatoha ōrite o ngā hydrates ka whai wāhi ki te pikinga ake o te ātete ki te whakaekenga matū, ngā huringa huka-rewa, me te kakahu. Nō reira, ka roa ake te ora o te hanganga o te sima kua rongoatia ki te konupūmā formate.
Whakaitihia te uruhanga:
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga matua e pā ana ki te pakari o te raima ko tōna uruhanga. Ka whakaitihia e te konupūmā formate te uruhanga mā te pā ki te hanganga o ngā pūwero o te hanganga sima. Mā te hanganga o tētahi hanganga matotoru me ngā pūwero angiangi ka whakawhāiti i te urunga o te wai me ngā matū kaha, ā, ka whakanui ake i te ātete o te raima ki te pirau.
Te Whakaiti i te Tauhohenga Alkali Silica (ASR):
Kua kitea e ngā rangahau ka taea e te konupūmā formate te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te tauhohenga alkali-silica, he tukanga kino ka puta ai te pupuhi o te tiēre me te pakaru i roto i te raima. Mā te pānga ki te hanganga o ngā pūwero me te hanganga matū o te paru sima, ka āwhina te konupūmā formate ki te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā kino e pā ana ki te ASR.
Ngā whakarei ake i te mahi:
Te whakapai ake i te āheinga miihini:
He pānga pai te pānga o te konupūmā formate ki te whakamakuku o te sima ki te ngāwari o te mahi o te raima hou. Mā te tere o te wā whakarite me te whakanui ake i te kaha o te whakamakuku ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga rere, ka āwhina i te whakatakotoranga me te whakakīkī o te raima. He tino whai hua tēnei ina he mea nui te ngāwari o te whakatakotoranga.
te whakahaere pāmahana:
Mā te whakamahinga o te konupūmā formate i roto i te sima ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā pānga o ngā pāmahana tino nui i te wā e whakamaroke ana. Mā te whakateretere i ngā wā whakatakoto ka hua ake he konupūmā formate ka tere ake te whanaketanga o te kaha, ā, ka whakaiti i te ngoikore o te raima ki ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te pāmahana pērā i te pakaru wera.
Ngā whakaaro mō te oranga tonutanga:
He āhuatanga tō te konupūmā formate e tutuki ai ngā whāinga pumau o te umanga hanga. Mā tōna kaha ki te whakamahi i ngā para, ka āwhina tōna pānga ki te pakari me te roa o te ora ki te whakaiti i ngā pānga taiao e pā ana ki te whakakapi me te whakatika i ngā hanganga tawhito.
Ngā wero me ngā whakaaro:
Ahakoa e mārama ana ngā painga o te whakauru i te konupūmā formate ki roto i te sima, me whai whakaaro ki ngā wero me ngā herenga pea. Kei roto i ēnei ko te pikinga o te utu, ngā taunekeneke pea me ētahi atu ranunga, me te hiahia kia āta whakahaeretia te horopeta hei karo i ngā pānga kino. Hei tāpiri, ko te mahi roa me te pakari o te raima i tukatukahia ki te konupūmā formate i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao motuhake e tika ana kia nui ake te rangahau me ngā rangahau mara.
hei whakamutunga:
He huarahi whai hua te whakauru i te konupūmā formate ki roto i te sima hei whakapai ake i te kounga me te mahi a tēnei rauemi hanga nui. Mā roto i tana tikanga mahi maha, ka tere ake te makuku o te konupūmā formate, ka whakapai ake i te hanganga moroiti, ā, ka whai wāhi ki te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana, tae atu ki te whanaketanga kaha wawe, te whakapakari i te roa me te whakaiti i te uruhanga. I te whanaketanga tonu o te umanga hanga, tera pea ka nui haere te hiranga o te mahi a ngā tāpiringa pēnei i te konupūmā formate ki te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te sima. Mā ngā rangahau me ngā tono mahi anō ka whakaatu ake i te kaha katoa me te whakamahinga pai o te konupūmā formate i roto i ngā hanganga sima, ka whakatuwhera i te ara mō ngā hanganga pakari ake, pumau ake hoki.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-05-2023