Cov tshuaj ntxuav tes ua kua yog ib hom khoom siv dav dav hauv kev ntxuav hauv tsev. Lawv yog cov dej ua los ntawm dej thiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov av qias neeg, roj thiab lwm yam tsis huv. Yuav kom txhim kho lawv txoj kev siv, lawv feem ntau yuav tsum tau kho kom haum rau qhov viscosity. Qhov viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dhau, txwv tsis pub nws yuav ntws sai, ua rau nws nyuaj rau tswj qhov ntau, thiab nws yuav zoo li "nyias" thaum siv; tab sis nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau, vim nws yuav viscosity dhau thiab nyuaj rau faib thiab ntxuav. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj thickeners tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb hauv cov kua tshuaj ntxuav tes.
1. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose yog ib qho thickener uas siv dav hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes. Nws yog ib qho cellulose derivative uas yaj tau hauv dej thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua viscosity nce ntxiv. CMC muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo li nram no:
Zoo solubility dej: CMC tuaj yeem yaj sai sai hauv dej thiab tsim cov tshuaj sib xws, pob tshab hauv cov kua dej.
Mos thiab tsis khaus: CMC yog cov khoom siv polymer uas muaj los ntawm ntuj uas tsis muaj teeb meem rau daim tawv nqaij lossis ib puag ncig, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom niaj hnub rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv.
Kev sib raug zoo: CMC sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov khoom xyaw hauv cov mis tshuaj ntxuav, tsis muaj teeb meem xws li kev faib ua pawg lossis kev lwj, thiab yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv ntxuav.
2. Xanthan gum
Xanthan gum yog ib qho tshuaj polysaccharide ntuj tsim los ntawm kev fermentation ntawm cov kab mob, feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom noj, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav tes. Daim ntawv thov ntawm xanthan gum hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
Cov nyhuv thickening zoo heev: Txawm tias ntawm qhov ntxiv tsawg, xanthan gum tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov kua viscosity ntau ntxiv.
Kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev txiav dilution: Xanthan gum muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm kev txiav dilution. Thaum do lossis nias, qhov viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav yuav txo qis ib ntus, uas yooj yim rau kev faib tawm thiab siv; tab sis qhov viscosity tuaj yeem rov qab tau sai tom qab siv kom tsis txhob muaj kua ntau dhau.
Kev tiv taus kub thiab txias: Xanthan gum tuaj yeem ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub siab dua lossis qis dua, tsis yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj lossis kev txo qis viscosity, thiab yog ib qho thickener uas tseem ua haujlwm zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav.
3. Cov khoom ua kom tuab polyacrylate
Cov tshuaj polyacrylate thickeners (xws li Carbomer) yog cov khoom siv polymer synthetic uas muaj peev xwm ua kom tuab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tshuaj ntxuav pob tshab uas ua kom tuab. Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb suav nrog:
Kev pob tshab siab: Polyacrylate tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj ntshiab heev, ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tshuaj ntxuav pob tshab.
Muaj peev xwm ua kom tuab zoo: Polyacrylate tuaj yeem ua tiav cov teebmeem tuab tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsawg dua thiab muaj kev tswj hwm qhov viscosity meej heev.
Kev vam khom pH: Qhov ua kom tuab ntawm cov khoom no muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab feem ntau ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv qab cov xwm txheej alkaline tsis muaj zog, yog li pH ntawm cov mis yuav tsum tau kho thaum siv kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
4. Cov tshuaj ua kom ntsev tuab
Cov ntsev (xws li sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, thiab lwm yam) kuj yog cov khoom ua kom tuab hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav kua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav uas muaj surfactants. Nws txoj cai ua haujlwm yog hloov qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov surfactant molecules los ntawm kev kho lub zog ionic ntawm lub kaw lus, yog li cuam tshuam rau viscosity. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntsev thickeners suav nrog:
Tus nqi qis: Cov tshuaj ua kom ntsev tuab yog pheej yig thiab yooj yim tau txais, yog li lawv muaj qhov zoo ntawm tus nqi hauv kev tsim khoom ntau.
Cov nyhuv synergistic nrog surfactants: Cov ntsev thickeners tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qhov viscosity ntawm lub kaw lus hauv cov mis nrog cov ntsiab lus surfactant siab.
Ntau yam kev siv: Txoj kev ua kom tuab no siv rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj ntxuav lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav kev lag luam.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv cov ntsev thickeners kuj muaj qee qhov kev txwv. Piv txwv li, qhov ntau ntxiv yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau dhau, txwv tsis pub nws yuav ua rau cov tshuaj ntxuav kom yaj lossis txawm tias nag lossis daus. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev hloov kho viscosity ntawm cov ntsev thickeners tsis zoo li lwm cov thickeners.
5. Cov cawv rog ethoxylated (xws li sodium C12-14 cawv ether sulfate)
Ntxiv rau nws txoj haujlwm ntxuav tseem ceeb, ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants kuj muaj qee qhov thickening effect. Los ntawm kev kho qhov piv ntawm cov surfactants no, qee qhov thickening effect tuaj yeem ua tiav. Nws qhov zoo yog:
Kev Siv Tau Ntau Yam: Hom surfactant no tsis yog tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm ua kom tuab xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ua kom cov tshuaj ntxuav huv dua.
Kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov khoom xyaw: Cov cawv rog Ethoxylated sib xws nrog cov surfactants, cov tsw qab, cov xim thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw, thiab yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom kawg.
Txo qhov xav tau lwm cov thickeners: Vim tias nws muaj ob qho tib si kev ntxuav thiab thickening functions, kev siv cov thickeners ntshiab tuaj yeem txo qis hauv cov mis, yog li ua kom zoo dua cov nqi.
6. Acrylate copolymers
Acrylate copolymers yog ib pawg ntawm cov khoom siv ua kom tuab ntawm cov polymer uas feem ntau siv rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes zoo lossis cov tshuaj ntxuav tes tshwj xeeb. Lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb suav nrog:
Kev tswj hwm qhov viscosity meej: Los ntawm kev kho cov qauv ntawm cov copolymer, qhov viscosity ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem tswj tau meej kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau.
Kev ruaj khov zoo: Cov thickener no muaj kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev zoo thiab tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov viscosity zoo hauv ntau qhov kub thiab txias, pH tus nqi thiab surfactant systems.
Tsis yooj yim rau delaminate: Acrylate copolymer thickeners qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev delamination zoo hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav kua, ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom ruaj khov hauv kev khaws cia ntev.
Qhov kev xaiv cov khoom ua kom tuab hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav kua nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog hom surfactant hauv cov mis, qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb, kev tswj tus nqi thiab kev paub ntawm tus neeg siv. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose thiab xanthan gum feem ntau yog cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav hauv tsev vim lawv cov dej yaj tau zoo, mos thiab ua kom tuab. Rau cov tshuaj ntxuav pob tshab, cov khoom ua kom tuab polyacrylate yog qhov nyiam dua. Cov khoom ua kom tuab ntsev muaj qhov zoo ntawm tus nqi thiab tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov tshuaj ntxuav kev lag luam loj.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-18-2024