Halabuurka alaabta ceeriin ee dhirta

Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ka mid ah alaabta ceeriin ee dhirta, laakiin ka koobankooda aasaasiga ah ayaa leh farqi yar, oo inta badan ka kooban sonkor iyo aan sonkor ahayn.

. Walxaha ceeriin ee dhirta kala duwan waxay leeyihiin waxyaabo kala duwan oo qayb kasta ka kooban. Kuwa soo socda ayaa si kooban u soo bandhigaya saddexda qaybood ee ugu muhiimsan ee alaabta ceeriin ee dhirta:

Eter cellulose, lignin iyo hemicellulose.

1.3 Halabuurka aasaasiga ah ee alaabta ceeriin ee dhirta

1.3.1.1 Cellulose

Cellulose waa polysaccharide macromolecular oo ka kooban D-glucose oo leh β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Waa tan ugu da'da weyn uguna badan dhulka.

polymer dabiiciga ah. Qaab dhismeedkeeda kiimikaad waxaa sida caadiga ah matala Haworth qaabdhismeedka qaabdhismeedka iyo qaabka qaabdhismeedka qaabdhismeedka kursiga, halkaas oo n ay tahay heerka polymerization polysaccharide.

Cellulose Carbohydrate Xylan

arabinoxylan

glucuronide xylan

glucuronide arabinoxylan

glucomannan

Galactoglucomannan

arabinogalactan

Istaarj, pectin iyo sonkor kale oo milmay

qaybaha aan karbohaydraytka ahayn

lignin

Soo saar Lipids, Lignols, Nitrogenous Compounds, Isku-dhafka Aan Organic

Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose

Terpenes, acids resin, acids dufan, sterols, xeryahooda udgoon, tannins

alaabta dhirta

1.4 Qaab dhismeedka kiimikada ee cellulose

1.3.1.2 Lignin

Unugga aasaasiga ah ee lignin waa phenylpropane, ka dibna ay ku xiran yihiin bonds CC iyo ether bonds.

nooca polymer. Qaab dhismeedka dhirta, lakabka intercellular wuxuu ka kooban yahay lignin ugu,

Mawduuca unugyada unugyada ayaa hoos u dhacay, laakiin maadada lignin ayaa kordhay lakabka gudaha ee gidaarka sare. Sida walxaha intercellular, lignin iyo hemifibrils

Si wada jir ah ayay u buuxiyaan inta u dhaxaysa fiilooyinka wanaagsan ee gidaarka unugga, si ay u xoojiyaan gidaarka unugga unugyada dhirta.

1.5 Lignin monomers qaabdhismeedka, siday u kala horreeyaan: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane iyo alkolada coniferyl

1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose

Si ka duwan lignin, hemicellulose waa heteropolymer ka kooban dhowr nooc oo monosaccharides ah oo kala duwan. Sida laga soo xigtay kuwan

Noocyada sonkorta iyo joogitaanka ama maqnaanshaha kooxaha acyl waxaa loo qaybin karaa glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid) -xylan,

Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, iwm.

Boqolkiiba 50 unug alwaax ah waa xylan, kaas oo ku yaal dusha sare ee microfibrils cellulose oo isku xiran fiilooyinka.

Waxay sameeyaan shabakad unugyo ah oo si adag isugu xidhan.

1.4 Ujeedada cilmi-baarista, muhiimadda iyo nuxurka ugu muhiimsan ee mawduucan

1.4.1 Ujeedada iyo muhiimadda cilmi-baarista

Ujeedada cilmi-baaristan ayaa ah in la doorto saddex nooc oo wakiil ah iyada oo loo marayo falanqaynta qaybaha qaar ka mid ah alaabta ceeriin ee dhirta.

Cellulose waxaa laga soo saaraa walxaha dhirta. Dooro wakiilka etherifying ku habboon, oo isticmaal cellulose-ka la soo saaray si aad u beddesho suufka si loo damiyo oo loo beddelo si loo diyaariyo fiber.

Vitamin ether. Eter-ka cellulose-ka ee la diyaariyey ayaa lagu dabaqay daabacaadda dheeha falcelinta, ugu dambeyntii saameynta daabacaadda ayaa la barbardhigay si wax badan loo ogaado.

Ethers cellulose ee koollada daabacaadda dheeha ee fal-celiska ah.

Ugu horreyntii, cilmi-baarista mawduucan ayaa xallisay dhibaatada dib-u-isticmaalka iyo wasakhowga deegaanka ee qashinka alaabta ceeriin ee dhirta ilaa xad.

Isla mar ahaantaana, hab cusub ayaa lagu daraa isha cellulose. Marka labaad, sunta yar ee sodium chloroacetate iyo 2-chloroethanol ayaa loo isticmaalaa sida walxaha sunta ah,

Halkii laga heli lahaa chloroacetic acid oo aad u sun ah, ether cellulose ayaa la diyaariyey waxaana lagu marsiiyay dharka suufka ah ee daabacaadda dheeha firfircoon, iyo sodium alginate.

Cilmi-baarista beddelka waxay leedahay hagitaan gaar ah, waxayna sidoo kale leedahay muhiimad la taaban karo oo weyn iyo qiimo tixraaceed.

Fiber Wall Lignin Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose Dila

9

1.4.2 Nuxurka cilmi baarista

1.4.2.1 Soo saarista cellulose ee alaabta ceeriin ee dhirta

Marka hore, qaybaha alaabta ceeriin ee dhirta ayaa la cabbiraa oo la falanqeeyaa, saddex wakiil oo alaabta ceeriin ah ayaa la doortay si loo soo saaro fiber-ka.

Fiitamiino. Kadibna, habka soo saarida cellulose waxaa lagu hagaajiyay daaweynta dhamaystiran ee alkali iyo acid. Ugu dambeyntii, UV

Nuugista spectroscopy, FTIR iyo XRD ayaa loo isticmaalay in la isku xidho alaabta.

1.4.2.2 Diyaarinta ethers cellulose

Isticmaalka cellulose alwaax geed sida walxo ceeriin ah, waxaa lagu sii daaweeyay alkali xoog leh, ka dibna tijaabada orthogonal iyo tijaabo hal arrin ayaa la isticmaalay,

Hababka diyaarinta eeCMC, HECiyo HECMC ayaa la hagaajiyay siday u kala horreeyaan.

Eter-yada cellulose-ka ee la diyaariyey waxaa lagu gartaa FTIR, H-NMR iyo XRD.

1.4.2.3 Codsiga koollada ether cellulose

Saddex nooc oo ethers cellulose ah iyo sodium alginate ayaa loo isticmaalay sidii koollada asalka ah, iyo heerka samaynta koollada, awoodda haysashada biyaha iyo ku habboonaanta kiimikada ee koollada asalka ah ayaa la tijaabiyay.

Sifooyinka aasaasiga ah ee afarta koollada asalka ah ayaa la barbar dhigay marka la eego guryaha iyo xasilloonida kaydinta.

Isticmaalka saddex nooc oo ethers cellulose ah iyo sodium alginate sidii koollada asalka ah, habeynta koollada midabka daabacaadda, samee daabacaadda dheeha falcelinta, gudub miiska imtixaanka

Isbarbardhigga saddexethers cellulose iyo

Qalabka daabacaadda ee sodium alginate.

1.4.3 Qodobbada hal-abuurka ee cilmi-baarista

(1) Qashinka u beddela hanti, ka soo saara cellulose nadiif ah oo nadiif ah oo ka soo baxa qashinka dhirta, kaas oo ku dara isha cellulose

Hab cusub, isla mar ahaantaana, ilaa xad, waxay xallisaa dhibaatada dib-u-isticmaalka qashinka ceeriin ee dhirta iyo wasakhowga deegaanka; waxayna wanaajisaa faybarka

Habka soo saarista.

(2) Baadhitaanka iyo heerka beddelka wakiilada etherifying cellulose, oo inta badan la isticmaalo wakiilada etherifying sida chloroacetic acid (aad u sun ah), ethylene oxide (sabaya).

Kansarka) iwm ayaa aad ugu dhib badan jirka iyo deegaanka. Warqadan, sodyum chloroacetate iyo 2-chloroethanol bay'ada u wanaagsan ayaa loo isticmaalaa sidii wakiilada etherification.

Halkii chloroacetic acid iyo ethylene oxide, ethers cellulose ayaa la diyaariyey. (3) Ether-ka cellulose-ka ee la helay ayaa lagu dabaqaa daabacaadda dheeha falcelinta ee dharka suufka ah, kaas oo siinaya sal gaar ah cilmi-baarista beddelka sodium alginate.

tixraac.