Dareen-celinta kiimikada ee halsano ee hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)waa iskudhis biyo-milmi leh oo caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo warshadaha iyo goobaha caafimaadka, waxayna leedahay qiyamyo kala duwan oo codsi ah, sida siidaynta daroogada ee la xakameeyey, habaynta cuntada iyo qalabka dhismaha. Dareen-celinta kiimikaad ee geeddi-socodkeeda halsano waxay inta badan la xidhiidha hoos u dhaca iyo beddelka cellulose iyo hawlaha dheef-shiid kiimikaadka ee shay-baarayaasha. Si loo fahmo falcelinta kiimikaad ee HPMC ee habka halsano, waxaan marka hore u baahanahay inaan fahanno qaabdhismeedkeeda aasaasiga ah iyo habka xaalufka ee cellulose.

1. Qaab dhismeedka aasaasiga ah iyo sifooyinka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

HPMC waa derivative lagu helay wax ka beddelka kiimikaad ee cellulose dabiiciga ah (Cellulose). Laf-dhabarta silsiladeeda molecular waa unugyo gulukoos (C6H12O6) oo ku xiran β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Cellulose lafteedu way adagtahay in lagu milmo biyaha, laakiin marka la soo bandhigo methyl (-OCH3) iyo hydroxypropyl (-C3H7OH) kooxaha, milanka biyaha ayaa si weyn loo wanaajin karaa si loo sameeyo polymer milmi leh. Nidaamka wax ka beddelka ee HPMC guud ahaan waxaa ka mid ah falcelinta cellulose leh methyl chloride (CH3Cl) iyo aalkolada propylene (C3H6O) ee hoos yimaada xaaladaha alkaline, iyo badeecada ka dhalatay waxay leedahay hydrophilicity xooggan iyo milanka.

2. Dareen-celinta kiimikaad inta lagu jiro halsano

Habka halsano ee HPMC inta badan waxay ku xiran tahay ficilka noolaha, kuwaas oo HPMC u isticmaala il kaarboon iyo ilo nafaqo. Habka halsano ee HPMC waxaa ku jira marxaladaha ugu muhiimsan ee soo socda:

2.1. Hoos u dhigista HPMC

Cellulose lafteedu waxa ay ka kooban tahay unugyo gulukoos oo isku xidhan, HPMC-na waxa hoos u dhigi doona noole yar yar inta lagu jiro habka halsano, marka hore waxa loo qaybin doonaa sonkor yar yar oo la isticmaali karo (sida gulukoosta, xylose, iwm.). Habkani wuxuu inta badan ku lug leeyahay ficilka ensaymes hoos u dhiga cellulose badan. Dareen-celinta hoos u dhaca ee ugu weyn waxaa ka mid ah:

Falcelinta hydrolysis cellulose: β-1,4 glycosidic bonds ee molecules cellulose waxaa jebin doona cellulose hydrolases (sida cellulase, endocellulase), soo saarida silsilado sonkor gaaban (sida oligosaccharides, disaccharides, iwm.). Sonkortan waxa si dheeraad ah u sii dheefsan doona oo ay isticmaali doonaan noolaha.

Hydrolysis iyo xaalufka HPMC: Beddelayaasha methyl iyo hydroxypropyl ee ku jira molecule HPMC waxa qayb ahaan meesha ka saari doona hydrolysis. Habka gaarka ah ee falcelinta hydrolysis-ka weli si buuxda looma fahmin, laakiin waxaa la qiyaasi karaa in jawiga halsano, falcelinta hydrolysis-ku ay kataliyaan enzymes ay soo daayaan noolaha (sida hydroxyl sterase). Habkani wuxuu horseedaa jebinta silsiladaha molecular HPMC iyo ka saarida kooxaha shaqeeya, ugu dambeyntii sameynta unugyo sonkor ah oo yaryar.

2.2. Dareen-celinta dheef-shiid kiimikaadka microbial

Marka HPMC ay hoos u dhigto unugyada sonkorta yar, microorganisms waxay awoodaan inay u beddelaan sonkortan tamar iyada oo loo marayo falcelinta enzymatic. Gaar ahaan, microorganismsku waxay u gooyaan gulukooska ethanol, lactic acid ama dheef-shiid kiimikaad kale iyada oo loo marayo waddooyinka halsano. Noocyo kala duwan ayaa laga yaabaa inay dheef-shiid kiimikaadiyaan wax soo saarka hoos u dhaca HPMC iyadoo loo marayo waddooyin kala duwan. Dariiqooyinka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:

Jidka Glycolysis: Gulukoosku waxa uu u kala baxaa pyruvate by enzymes waxana uu u sii beddelaa tamar (ATP) iyo dheef-shiid kiimikaad (sida lactic acid, ethanol, iwm.).

Jiilka wax soo saarka halsano: Marka la eego xaaladaha anaerobic ama hypoxic, microorganisms waxay u beddelaan gulukooska ama alaabteeda nabaad-guurka ah ee acids organic sida ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, iwm iyada oo loo marayo waddooyinka halsano, kuwaas oo si ballaaran loo isticmaalo hababka warshadaha kala duwan.

2.3. Redox falcelinta

Inta lagu jiro habka halsano ee HPMC, microorganisms qaar ka mid ah ayaa laga yaabaa in ay sii beddelaan alaabta dhexe iyada oo loo marayo falcelinta redox. Tusaale ahaan, habka wax soo saarka ethanol waxaa weheliya falcelinta redox, gulukooska waa oxidized si loo soo saaro pyruvate, ka dibna pyruvate ayaa loo beddelaa ethanol iyada oo loo marayo falcelinta dhimista. Dareen-celintan ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah ilaalinta dheelitirka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka unugyada.

3. Qodobbada xakamaynta ee habka halsano

Inta lagu jiro habka halsano ee HPMC, arrimaha deegaanka ayaa saameyn muhiim ah ku leh falcelinta kiimikada. Tusaale ahaan, pH, heerkulka, oksijiinta kala diri, xoogga isha nafaqeynta, iwm. waxay saameyn doontaa heerka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka ee noolaha iyo nooca alaabta. Gaar ahaan heerkulka iyo pH, waxqabadka enzymes microbial kala duwanaan karaan si weyn hoos heerkulka kala duwan iyo xaaladaha pH, sidaas darteed waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in si sax ah loo xakameeyo xaaladaha halsano si loo hubiyo hoos u dhaca HPMC iyo horumarka siman ee habka dheef-shiid kiimikaad ee microorganisms.

Habka halsano eeHPMCwaxay ku lug leedahay falcelin kiimikaad oo adag, oo ay ku jiraan hydrolysis of cellulose, xaalufka HPMC, dheef-shiid kiimikaadka sonkorta, iyo jiilka alaabta halsano. Fahamka falcelintan kaliya kama caawineyso in la wanaajiyo habka halsano ee HPMC, laakiin sidoo kale waxay siisaa taageero aragtiyeed wax soo saarka warshadaha ee la xiriira. Iyada oo qoto dheer ee cilmi-baarista, habab halsano dhaqaale oo hufan oo dhaqaale ayaa laga yaabaa in la horumariyo mustaqbalka si loo hagaajiyo hufnaanta hoos u ee HPMC iyo dhalidda ee alaabta, iyo kor u codsiga ee HPMC ee biotransformation, ilaalinta deegaanka iyo beeraha kale.