Cellulose Ether ni iki?

Cellulose etherni polymer ivanze hamwe na ether imiterere ikozwe muri selile. Buri mpeta ya glucosyl muri macromolecule ya selile irimo amatsinda atatu ya hydroxyl, itsinda ryambere rya hydroxyl kuri atome ya karubone ya gatandatu, itsinda rya kabiri rya hydroxyl kuri atome ya kabiri na gatatu ya karubone, na hydrogène mu itsinda rya hydroxyl isimburwa nitsinda rya hydrocarubone kugirango ikore ibintu bikomoka kuri selile. Nibicuruzwa hydrogène yitsinda rya hydroxyl muri polymer ya selile isimburwa nitsinda rya hydrocarubone. Cellulose ni polyhydroxy polymer ivanze idashonga cyangwa ngo ishonga. Nyuma ya etherification, selile irashobora gushonga mumazi, igabanya umuti wa alkali hamwe na solge organic, kandi ifite thermoplastique.

Cellulose ni polyhydroxy polymer ivanze idashonga cyangwa ngo ishonga. Nyuma ya etherification, selile irashobora gushonga mumazi, igabanya umuti wa alkali hamwe na solge organic, kandi ifite thermoplastique.

1. Kamere ：

Ubushobozi bwa selile nyuma ya etherification ihinduka kuburyo bugaragara. Irashobora gushonga mumazi, gushiramo aside, kuvanga alkali cyangwa ibishishwa kama. Gukemura cyane cyane biterwa nibintu bitatu: (1) Ibiranga amatsinda yatangijwe mugikorwa cya etherification, yatangijwe Nini itsinda rinini, niko kugabanuka gukomeye, hamwe nuburinganire bwa polarite yitsinda ryatangijwe, niko selile ya selile yoroshye gushonga mumazi; (2) Urwego rwo gusimbuza no gukwirakwiza amatsinda ya etherifike muri macromolecule. Ether nyinshi ya selile irashobora gushonga gusa mumazi murwego runaka rwo gusimburwa, kandi urwego rwo gusimburwa ruri hagati ya 0 na 3; . Hasi urwego rwo gusimbuza rushobora gushonga mumazi, niko intera yagutse. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa selile ya selile ifite imikorere myiza, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubwubatsi, sima, peteroli, ibiryo, imyenda, imyenda, amarangi, imiti, gukora impapuro nibikoresho bya elegitoronike nizindi nganda.

2. Guteza imbere ：

Ubushinwa n’igihugu kinini ku isi gikora kandi kigakoresha selile ya selile, ikigereranyo cyo kuzamuka kw’umwaka kurenga 20%. Nk’uko imibare ibanza ibigaragaza, mu Bushinwa hari inganda zikora selile zigera kuri 50 mu Bushinwa, ubushobozi bw’inganda zakozwe mu nganda za selile zirenga toni 400.000, kandi hari ibigo bigera kuri 20 bifite toni zirenga 10,000, ahanini bikwirakwizwa muri Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing na Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai n'ahandi.

3. Ukeneye ：

Muri 2011, Ubushinwa CMC bwabyaye umusaruro hafi toni 300.000. Hamwe n’ubwiyongere bukenewe kuri ethers nziza ya selile nziza mu nganda nkubuvuzi, ibiryo, n’imiti ya buri munsi, icyifuzo cy’imbere mu gihugu ku bindi bicuruzwa bya selile bitari CMC biriyongera. , ubushobozi bwo gukora MC / HPMC bugera kuri toni 120.000, naho ubwa HEC ni toni 20.000. PAC iracyari murwego rwo kuzamura no gusaba mubushinwa. Hamwe no guteza imbere imirima minini ya peteroli yo mu nyanja no guteza imbere ibikoresho byubaka, ibiribwa, imiti n’inganda n’inganda, ingano n’umurima wa PAC biriyongera kandi bigenda byiyongera uko umwaka utashye, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwa toni zirenga 10,000.

4. Ibyiciro ：

Ukurikije imiterere yimiti itondekanya insimburangingo, zirashobora kugabanywamo anionic, cationic na nonionic ethers. Ukurikije imiti ya etherification yakoreshejwe, hariho methyl selulose, hydroxyethyl methyl selulose, carboxymethyl selulose, Ethyl selulose, benzyl selulose, hydroxyethyl selulose, hydroxypropyl methyl selulose selulose, cyanoethyl selulose, benzyl cyanoethyl selulose, carboxymethyl. selile na Ethyl selulose nibyiza cyane.

Methylcellulose ：

Nyuma yipamba itunganijwe ivuwe na alkali, selile ya selile ikorwa binyuze murukurikirane rwibisubizo hamwe na chloride metani nka agent ya etherification. Mubisanzwe, urwego rwo gusimburwa ni 1.6 ~ 2.0, kandi gukemura nabyo biratandukanye hamwe nimpamyabumenyi zitandukanye. Nibya non-ionic selulose ether.

(1) Methylcellulose irashonga mumazi akonje, kandi bizagorana gushonga mumazi ashyushye. Igisubizo cyamazi cyacyo kirahagaze neza murwego rwa pH = 3 ~ 12. Ifite guhuza neza na krahisi, guar gum, nibindi byinshi na surfactants. Iyo ubushyuhe bugeze ku bushyuhe bwa gelation, gelation iba.

. Mubisanzwe, niba umubare wongeyeho ari munini, ubwiza ni buto, kandi ubwiza ni bunini, igipimo cyo gufata amazi ni kinini. Muri byo, ingano y’inyongera igira ingaruka zikomeye ku kigero cyo gufata amazi, kandi urwego rw’ubukonje ntiruhwanye neza n’urwego rwo gufata amazi. Igipimo cyo guseswa ahanini biterwa nurwego rwo guhindura isura ya selile na selile nziza. Muri ethers ya selile yavuzwe haruguru, methyl selulose na hydroxypropyl methyl selulose bifite igipimo kinini cyo gufata amazi.

(3) Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku gufata amazi ya methyl selile. Mubisanzwe, uko ubushyuhe buri hejuru, niko gufata amazi ari bibi. Niba ubushyuhe bwa minisiteri burenze 40 ° C, kugumana amazi ya methyl selulose bizagabanuka cyane, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku iyubakwa rya minisiteri.

(4)Methyl selileifite ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere no guhuza minisiteri. "Kwizirika" hano bivuga imbaraga zo guhuza zumvwa hagati yigikoresho gisaba umukozi nu rukuta, ni ukuvuga kurwanya inkovu. Kwizirika hejuru ni byinshi, kurwanya inkweto za minisiteri ni nini, kandi imbaraga zisabwa n'abakozi mu gihe cyo gukoresha nazo ni nini, kandi imikorere ya minisiteri ikennye. Ihuriro rya methyl selulose iri murwego rwo hagati mubicuruzwa bya selile.

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose ：

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ni selile ya selile itanga umusaruro nogukoresha byiyongera vuba. Ni selile idafite ionic ivanze ya ether ikozwe mu ipamba itunganijwe nyuma ya alkalisation, ukoresheje okiside ya propylene na methyl chloride nka agent ya etherification, binyuze mubisubizo. Urwego rwo gusimbuza muri rusange ni 1.2 ~ 2.0. Imiterere yacyo iratandukanye bitewe nikigereranyo cyibintu bya vitoxyl hamwe na hydroxypropyl.

(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose irashobora gushonga byoroshye mumazi akonje, kandi izahura ningorane zo gushonga mumazi ashyushye. Ariko ubushyuhe bwacyo bwo mumazi ashyushye buri hejuru cyane ugereranije na methyl selile. Ubushyuhe bwo mumazi akonje nabwo buratera imbere cyane ugereranije na methyl selulose.

. Ubushyuhe nabwo bugira ingaruka ku bwenge bwabwo, uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, ubukonje bugabanuka. Nyamara, ingaruka zubukonje bwazo nubushyuhe buri munsi ugereranije na methyl selile. Igisubizo cyacyo gihamye iyo kibitswe mubushyuhe bwicyumba.

.

(4)Hydroxypropyl methylcelluloseihamye kuri aside na alkali, kandi igisubizo cyamazi cyacyo kirahagaze neza murwego rwa pH = 2 ~ 12. Caustic soda n'amazi ya lime ntacyo bihindura kumikorere yabyo, ariko alkali irashobora kwihutisha iseswa ryayo kandi ikongerera gato ububobere bwayo. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ihagaze neza kumunyu usanzwe, ariko iyo ubunini bwumuti wumunyu mwinshi, ubwiza bwumuti wa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bikunda kwiyongera.

. Nka alcool ya polyvinyl, ibinyamisogwe ether, amase y'imboga, nibindi.

.

.

Hydroxyethyl selulose ：

Ikozwe mu ipamba inoze ivurwa na alkali, ikanakoreshwa na okiside ya Ethylene nka agent ya etherification imbere ya isopropanol. Urwego rwo gusimbuza muri rusange ni 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ifite hydrophilicity ikomeye kandi byoroshye gukuramo ubuhehere.

(1) Hydroxyethyl selulose irashobora gushonga mumazi akonje, ariko biragoye gushonga mumazi ashyushye. Igisubizo cyacyo gihamye mubushyuhe bwo hejuru nta geli. Irashobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru muri minisiteri, ariko kubika amazi yayo biri munsi yubwa methyl selile.

. Ikwirakwizwa ryayo mumazi ni mabi cyane ugereranije na methyl selulose na hydroxypropyl methyl selulose.

(3) Hydroxyethyl selulose ifite imikorere myiza yo kurwanya-sag kuri minisiteri, ariko ifite igihe kirekire cyo kudindiza sima.

.

(5) Indwara yumuti wamazi wa hydroxyethyl selulose irakomeye. Ku bushyuhe bwa 40 ° C, indwara ishobora kugaragara mu minsi 3 kugeza kuri 5, izagira ingaruka ku mikorere yayo.

Carboxymethyl selulose ：

Lonic selulose ether ikozwe muri fibre naturel (ipamba, nibindi) nyuma yo kuvura alkali, ukoresheje sodium monochloroacetate nka agent ya etherification, kandi ikavurwa muburyo butandukanye. Urwego rwo gusimburwa muri rusange ni 0.4 ~ 1.4, kandi imikorere yarwo igira ingaruka cyane kurwego rwo gusimburwa.

(1) Carboxymethyl selulose ni hygroscopique, kandi izaba irimo amazi menshi mugihe abitswe mubihe rusange.

. Iyo ubushyuhe burenze 50 ° C, ubukonje ntibusubira inyuma.

(3) Guhagarara kwayo bigira ingaruka cyane kuri pH. Mubisanzwe, irashobora gukoreshwa muri minisiteri ishingiye kuri gypsumu, ariko ntabwo ikoreshwa muri minisiteri ishingiye kuri sima. Iyo alkaline nyinshi, izatakaza ubukonje.

(4) Kubika amazi yayo biri munsi cyane ya methyl selulose. Ifite ingaruka mbi kuri gypsumu ishingiye kuri minisiteri kandi igabanya imbaraga zayo. Nyamara, igiciro cya carboxymethyl selulose kiri hasi cyane ugereranije na methyl selile.

Cellulose Alkyl Ether ：

Abahagarariye ni methyl selulose na Ethyl selulose. Mu musaruro w’inganda, methyl chloride cyangwa Ethyl chloride ikoreshwa muri rusange nka etherification agent, kandi reaction niyi ikurikira:

Muri formula, R igereranya CH3 cyangwa C2H5. Kwibanda kwa alkali ntabwo bigira ingaruka gusa kurwego rwa etherification, ahubwo binagira ingaruka kumikoreshereze ya alkyl halide. Hasi ya alkali yibanze, hydrolysis ikomeye ya alkyl halide. Kugirango ugabanye ikoreshwa rya etherifying agent, alkali yibanze igomba kwiyongera. Nyamara, iyo alkali yibanze cyane, ingaruka zo kubyimba za selile ziragabanuka, ibyo bikaba bitajyanye na etherification reaction, kandi urwego rwa etherifike rero rugabanuka. Kubwiyi ntego, lye yibanze cyangwa lye ikomeye irashobora kongerwaho mugihe cyo kwitwara. Imashini igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho byiza byo gukurura no gutanyagura kugirango alkali isaranganywa neza. Methyl selulose ikoreshwa cyane nkibyimbye, bifata kandi birinda colloid nibindi. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukwirakwiza polimerisiyumu ya emulsiyo, gukwirakwiza imbuto, guhunika imyenda, kongeramo ibiryo no kwisiga, imiti ivura imiti, ibikoresho byo gutwikira ibiyobyabwenge, kandi bigakoreshwa mugihe cyo gutangiza amarangi, gusohora irangi, hamwe no kuvanga ibikoresho bya selile. imbaraga za mashini nyinshi, guhinduka, kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya ubukonje. Ethyl selulose isimbuwe cyane irashobora gushonga mumazi no kugabanya ibisubizo bya alkaline, kandi ibicuruzwa byasimbuwe cyane birashobora gushonga mumashanyarazi menshi. Ifite imiyoboro myiza hamwe na resin zitandukanye. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora plastike, firime, langi, ibifata, latx hamwe nibikoresho byo gutwikira imiti, nibindi. Kwinjiza amatsinda ya hydroxyalkyl muri selile ya alkyl ethers irashobora kunoza imishwarara yayo, kugabanya ubukana bwayo bwo gushiramo umunyu, kongera ubushyuhe bwa gelation no kuzamura imitunganyirize ishyushye, nibindi.

Cellulose Hydroxyalkyl Ether ：

Abahagarariye ni hydroxyethyl selulose na hydroxypropyl selulose. Ibikoresho bya etherifying ni epoxide nka okiside ya Ethylene na okiside ya propylene. Koresha aside cyangwa base nkibikoresho. Umusaruro winganda nugukora alkali selulose hamwe na etherification agent:hydroxyethyl selilehamwe nigiciro kinini cyo gusimbuza kirashonga mumazi akonje namazi ashyushye. Hydroxypropyl selulose ifite agaciro gakomeye ko gusimburwa irashobora gushonga gusa mumazi akonje ariko ntabwo ari mumazi ashyushye. Hydroxyethyl selulose irashobora gukoreshwa nkibyimbye byo gutwikira latx, gucapa imyenda no gusiga irangi, ibikoresho bipima impapuro, ibifatika hamwe na colloide ikingira. Gukoresha hydroxypropyl selulose isa niyya hydroxyethyl selulose. Hydroxypropyl selile ifite agaciro gake gasimburwa irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bya farumasi, bishobora kugira ibintu byombi bihuza kandi bigasenyuka.

Carboxymethyl selile, impfunyapfunyo yicyongereza CMC, mubisanzwe ibaho muburyo bwumunyu wa sodium. Umuti wa etherifying ni acide monochloroacetic, kandi reaction niyi ikurikira:

Carboxymethyl selulose niyo ikoreshwa cyane mumazi ya elegitoronike ya selile. Mu bihe byashize, yakoreshwaga cyane cyane mu gucukura ibyondo, ariko ubu yongerewe kugira ngo ikoreshwe nk'inyongeramusaruro, imyenda yo kwambara, irangi rya latex, gutwikisha amakarito n'impapuro, n'ibindi.

Polyanionic selulose (PAC) ni ionic selulose ether kandi nigicuruzwa cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru gisimbuza carboxymethyl selulose (CMC). Ni ifu yera, idafite umweru cyangwa ifu yumuhondo cyangwa granule, idafite uburozi, uburyohe, byoroshye gushonga mumazi kugirango bibe igisubizo kiboneye hamwe nubukonje runaka, gifite imbaraga zo guhangana nubushyuhe no kurwanya umunyu, hamwe na antibacterial ikomeye. Nta byoroheje no kwangirika. Ifite ibiranga isuku ryinshi, urwego rwo hejuru rwo gusimburwa, no gukwirakwiza kimwe kubisimbuza. Irashobora gukoreshwa nka binder, kubyimbye, guhindura imiterere ya rheologiya, kugabanya igihombo cyamazi, kugabanya stabilisateur, nibindi.

Cyanoethyl selulose nigicuruzwa cya selile na acrylonitrile munsi ya catalizike ya alkali.

Cyanoethyl selulose ifite dielectric ihoraho kandi coefficient de coiffure kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nka matrise ya resin ya fosifore n'amatara ya electroluminescent. Cyanoethyl selulose isimbuwe cyane irashobora gukoreshwa nkimpapuro zikingira impinduka.

Hateguwe amavuta menshi ya alcool, alkenyl ethers, na alomeri ya alcool ya selulose yateguwe, ariko ntabwo yakoreshejwe mubikorwa.

Uburyo bwo gutegura selile ya selile irashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwo hagati bwamazi, uburyo bwo gukemura, uburyo bwo guteka, uburyo bwo gutembagaza, uburyo bukomeye bwa gaz, uburyo bwa feri yo mumazi hamwe no guhuza uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru.

5.Ihame ryo kwitegura:

Umuvuduko mwinshi α-selulose ushyizwemo n'umuti wa alkaline kugirango ubyimbye kugirango usenye imigozi myinshi ya hydrogène, byorohereze ikwirakwizwa rya reagent kandi ubyare selile ya alkali, hanyuma uhite ukorana na etherification kugirango ubone ether ya selile. Ibikoresho bitera imbaraga birimo hydrocarubone (cyangwa sulfate), epoxide, na α na β ibice bituzuye hamwe na electron.

6.Imikorere shingiro:

Ibivanze bigira uruhare runini mugutezimbere imikorere yubwubatsi bwumye-buvanze, kandi bingana na 40% yikiguzi cyibikoresho byumye bivanze. Igice kinini cyimvange kumasoko yimbere mugihugu gitangwa nabakora mumahanga, kandi dosiye yerekana ibicuruzwa nayo itangwa nuwabitanze. Nkigisubizo, igiciro cyibicuruzwa bivangwa na minisiteri yumye bikomeza kuba hejuru, kandi biragoye kumenyekanisha amabuye asanzwe hamwe na pompe za pompe hamwe ninshi kandi nini. Ibicuruzwa byo ku isoko ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru bigenzurwa n’amasosiyete yo mu mahanga, kandi inganda zivanze na minisiteri zifite inyungu nke kandi zidahenze ku giciro; ikoreshwa ryimvange ridafite ubushakashatsi butunganijwe kandi bugamije, kandi bukurikiza buhumyi formulaire zamahanga.

Igikoresho cyo kubika amazi ni urufunguzo rwingenzi rwo kunoza imikorere yo gufata amazi ya minisiteri ivanze yumye, kandi nayo ni imwe mu mvange zingenzi kugirango hamenyekane igiciro cyibikoresho bya minisiteri yumye. Igikorwa nyamukuru cya selile ether ni ukubika amazi.

Cellulose ether nijambo rusange ryuruhererekane rwibicuruzwa byakozwe nigisubizo cya alkali selulose hamwe na etherifying agent mubihe bimwe. Alkali selulose isimburwa nibikoresho bitandukanye bya etherifing kugirango babone ethers zitandukanye. Ukurikije imiterere ya ionisation yibisimburwa, ethers ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: ionic (nka carboxymethyl selulose) na nonionic (nka methyl selulose). Ukurikije ubwoko bwinsimburangingo, ether ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo kimwe (nka methyl selulose) na ether ivanze (nka hydroxypropyl methyl selulose). Ukurikije ibisubizo bitandukanye, birashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwo gukemura amazi (nka hydroxyethyl selulose) hamwe no gukama kama (nka Ethyl selulose). Amashanyarazi avanze yumye cyane cyane selile-solubose-selile, kandi selile-solubose-selile igabanijwe mubwoko bwihuse kandi bivurwa nubutaka bwatinze-guseswa.

Uburyo bwibikorwa bya selile ether muri mortar nuburyo bukurikira:

(1) Nyuma yaselile ethermuri minisiteri yashongeshejwe mumazi, gukwirakwiza neza no guhuza ibikoresho bya sima muri sisitemu biremezwa kubera ibikorwa byubuso, kandi ether ya selulose, nka colloid ikingira, "ipfunyika" ibice bikomeye kandi hakozwe urwego rwa firime yo gusiga amavuta hejuru yubutaka bwayo, bigatuma sisitemu ya minisiteri ihagarara neza, kandi ikanatezimbere ubwiza bwa minisiteri mugihe cyo kuvanga.

.