HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) ni polymer isanzwe ikoreshwa na polysaccharide polymer ikoreshwa cyane mubuvuzi, ibiryo, inganda zimiti nizindi nzego. Ibiranga iseswa ni kimwe mu bishyushye mubushakashatsi no kubishyira mu bikorwa.
1. Imiterere ya molekulari n'ibiranga ibisubizo bya HPMC
HPMC ni polymer-soluble polymer compound yabonetse muguhindura etherification ya selile. Igice cyacyo cyubatswe ni β-D-glucose, ihujwe na 1,4-glycosidic. Imiterere nyamukuru yuruhererekane rwa HPMC ikomoka kuri selile isanzwe, ariko igice cyamatsinda ya hydroxyl gisimburwa nitsinda ryimikorere (-OCH₃) hamwe nitsinda rya hydroxypropyl (-CH₂CH (OH) CH₃), bityo rikagaragaza imyitwarire yo gusesa itandukanye nubwa selile isanzwe.
Imiterere ya molekuline ya HPMC igira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yayo. Urwego rwo gusimbuza (DS, Impamyabumenyi yo Gusimbuza) no gusimbuza amara (MS, Molar Substitution) ya HPMC ni ibipimo byingenzi bigena ibiranga gukemura. Urwego rwo hejuru rwo gusimburana, niko amatsinda ya hydroxyl muri molekile asimburwa na hydrophobique mitoxy cyangwa hydroxypropyl matsinda, ibyo bikaba byongera imbaraga za HPMC mumashanyarazi kandi bikagabanya gukomera mumazi. Ibinyuranye, iyo urwego rwo gusimbuza ruri hasi, HPMC iba hydrophilique mumazi kandi igipimo cyayo cyo kuyasesa cyihuta.
2. Uburyo bwo gusesa HPMC
Ubushobozi bwa HPMC mumazi ninzira igoye yumubiri nubumashini, kandi uburyo bwo kuyisesa burimo intambwe zikurikira:
Icyiciro cyo gutose: Iyo HPMC ihuye namazi, molekile zamazi zizabanza gukora firime ya hydrata hejuru ya HPMC kugirango izenguruke ibice bya HPMC. Muri ubu buryo, molekile zamazi zikorana nitsinda rya hydroxyl na mikorobe muri molekile ya HPMC binyuze mumigozi ya hydrogène, bigatuma molekile ya HPMC ihinduka buhoro buhoro.
Icyiciro cyo kubyimba: Hamwe no kwinjiza molekile zamazi, ibice bya HPMC bitangira kwinjiza amazi no kubyimba, amajwi ariyongera, kandi iminyururu ya molekile irekura buhoro buhoro. Ubushobozi bwo kubyimba bwa HPMC bugira ingaruka kuburemere bwa molekuline ninsimburangingo. Ninini ya molekile nini, igihe kinini cyo kubyimba; imbaraga za hydrophilicity zinsimburangingo, niko urwego rwo kubyimba.
Icyiciro cyo gusenyuka: Iyo molekile ya HPMC ikurura amazi ahagije, iminyururu ya molekile itangira gutandukana nuduce hanyuma ikagenda ikwirakwira buhoro buhoro. Umuvuduko wiki gikorwa uterwa nibintu nkubushyuhe, igipimo gikurura hamwe nubushobozi bwa solvent.
HPMC muri rusange yerekana gukomera kwamazi, cyane cyane mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Ariko, birakwiye ko tumenya ko mugihe ubushyuhe buzamutse kurwego runaka, HPMC izerekana "gel gel yumuriro", ni ukuvuga ko kugabanuka kugabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Ibi biterwa no kugenda kwinshi kwa molekile zamazi mubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe n’imikoranire myiza ya hydrophobique hagati ya molekile ya HPMC, biganisha ku ishyirahamwe hagati y’imiterere no gushiraho imiterere ya gel.
3. Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya HPMC
Ubushobozi bwa HPMC bugira ingaruka kubintu byinshi, harimo imiterere yumubiri na chimique hamwe nuburyo bwo hanze. Ibintu by'ingenzi birimo:
Impamyabumenyi yo gusimbuza: Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ubwoko numubare wabasimbuye HPMC bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye. Nibisimbuza byinshi, amatsinda mato ya hydrophilique muri molekile kandi nabi cyane. Ibinyuranye, iyo hari insimburangingo nkeya, hydrophilicity ya HPMC irazamuka kandi ibisubizo nibyiza.
Uburemere bwa molekuline: Uburemere bwa molekuline ya HPMC buragereranywa nigihe cyo gusesa. Nuburemere bwa molekile nini, buhoro buhoro inzira yo gusesa. Ni ukubera ko urunigi rwa molekile ya HPMC rufite uburemere bunini bwa molekile ni ndende kandi molekile zirafatana cyane, bigatuma bigora molekile zamazi kwinjira, bigatuma kubyimba gahoro gahoro.
Ubushyuhe bwumuti: Ubushyuhe nimwe mubintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumyuka ya HPMC. HPMC ishonga vuba ku bushyuhe bwo hasi, mugihe ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru irashobora gukora gel ikagabanya imbaraga zayo. Kubwibyo, HPMC mubusanzwe itegurwa mumazi yubushyuhe buke kugirango wirinde guhindagurika mubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ubwoko bwa solvent: HPMC ntishobora gushonga mumazi gusa, ahubwo irashobora no gushonga mumashanyarazi amwe n'amwe, nka Ethanol, inzoga ya isopropyl, nibindi. Mubihe bisanzwe, HPMC ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gushonga mumashanyarazi, kandi hagomba kongerwaho amazi akwiye kugirango ifashe.
agaciro ka pH: HPMC ifite kwihanganira bimwe na bimwe agaciro ka pH yumuti, ariko mugihe cya aside ikabije hamwe na alkali, ibisubizo bya HPMC bizagira ingaruka. Muri rusange, HPMC ifite ibisubizo byiza muri pH ya 3 kugeza 11.
4. Gukoresha HPMC mubice bitandukanye
Gukemura kwa HPMC bituma bigira akamaro mubice byinshi:
Umurima wa farumasi: HPMC isanzwe ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gutwikira, ibifata hamwe nibikoresho bikomeza kurekura ibinini bya farumasi. Mu gutwikira ibiyobyabwenge, HPMC irashobora gukora firime imwe kugirango iteze imbere ibiyobyabwenge; mu buryo burambye bwo kurekura, HPMC igenga igipimo cyo kurekura imiti igenzura igipimo cyayo, bityo ikagera ku gutanga imiti igihe kirekire.
Inganda zibiribwa: Mu biribwa, HPMC ikoreshwa nkibyimbye, emulisiferi na stabilisateur. Kuberako HPMC ifite amazi meza kandi ikanashyuha, irashobora gutanga imiterere nuburyohe mubiribwa bitandukanye. Muri icyo gihe, imiterere itari iyoni ya HPMC irayirinda kwifata hamwe nibindi biribwa kandi ikomeza kugumya ibiribwa kumubiri nubumara.
Inganda zikora imiti ya buri munsi: HPMC ikoreshwa cyane mubyimbye na emulisiferi mubicuruzwa nka shampoo, kondereti na cream yo mumaso. Gukomera kwayo mumazi ningaruka zo kubyibuha bituma itanga uburambe bwiza bwo gukoresha. Mubyongeyeho, HPMC irashobora guhuza nibindi bikoresho bikora kugirango uzamure imikorere yibicuruzwa.
Ibikoresho byubwubatsi: Mu nganda zubaka, HPMC ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byongera amazi kandi bigumana amazi muri minisiteri ya sima, ibifata amatafari hamwe nudusanduku. HPMC irashobora kunoza neza imikorere yibi bikoresho, ikongerera igihe cyo kuyikoresha, no kunoza uburyo bwo guhangana.
Nkibikoresho bya polymer bifite imbaraga zo gukemura neza, imyitwarire ya HPMC iseswa iterwa nibintu byinshi, nkimiterere ya molekile, ubushyuhe, agaciro ka pH, nibindi. Ubushobozi bwa HPMC ntabwo bugena imikorere yabwo mubisubizo byamazi gusa, ahubwo binagira ingaruka kumikorere yabyo mubikorwa bya farumasi, ibiribwa, imiti ya buri munsi nubwubatsi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-14-2024