Nibihe bikoresho nyamukuru bya selile?

Cellulose, kimwe mubintu byinshi byingirakamaro kama kwisi, bikora nkibice bigize imiterere yibanze murukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima. Iyi polysaccharide igoye igizwe no gusubiramo ibice bya molekile ya glucose ihujwe hamwe, ikora iminyururu ndende. Ibikoresho nyamukuru bibyara umusaruro wa selile biva mu bimera, cyane cyane ibiti byimbuto, ipamba, nubwoko butandukanye bwibisigazwa byubuhinzi.

Igiti cy'ibiti:
Ibiti by'ibiti ni ibikoresho bisanzwe bibyara umusaruro wa selile, bingana igice kinini cy'umusaruro wa selile ku isi. Iraboneka muri fibre yibiti, ahanini ikomoka kubiti byoroshye n'ibiti bikomeye. Ibiti byoroheje nka pinusi, ibimera, na firimu bikundwa kubera fibre ndende hamwe na selile nyinshi, bigatuma biba byiza kubyara umusaruro. Ibiti bikomeye nk'ibishishwa, eucalyptus, na oak nabyo birakoreshwa, nubwo bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya bitewe na fibre ngufi hamwe nibigize imiti itandukanye.

Ibiti by'ibiti bivanwa mu ruhererekane rw'imashini na shimi. Mu ikubitiro, ibiti birasuzumwa hanyuma bigabanywamo uduce duto. Iyi chip noneho ikorerwa gusya cyangwa kuvura imiti kugirango itandukane fibre ya selile nibindi bice nka lignin na hemicellulose. Amashanyarazi yavuyemo noneho arakaraba, akayungurura, kandi akanonosorwa kugirango abone ubuziranenge bwa selile yifuza kubisabwa bitandukanye.

Impamba:
Ipamba, fibre isanzwe iboneka mu mbuto z'igihingwa cy'ipamba, ni iyindi soko ikomeye ya selile. Igizwe cyane cyane na selile yuzuye, hamwe na lignine nkeya na hemicellulose. Pamba selulose izwiho kuba ifite isuku n'imbaraga nyinshi, bigatuma igira agaciro cyane cyane mu gukora ibicuruzwa byiza bya selile nziza nk'imyenda, impapuro, n'ibikomoka kuri selile.

Inzira yo gukuramo selile mu ipamba ikubiyemo gutandukanya fibre nimbuto yipamba nindi myanda binyuze murukurikirane rwo gusya, gusukura, hamwe namakarita. Ipamba yavuyemo noneho itunganyirizwa kure kugirango ikureho umwanda wose usigaye no gutunganya selile kugirango ikoreshwe.

Ibisigisigi by'ubuhinzi:
Ibisigazwa bitandukanye byubuhinzi, birimo ibyatsi, bagasse, ububiko bwibigori, ibishishwa byumuceri, hamwe n ibisheke bagasse, bitanga ubundi buryo bwa selile. Ibisigisigi nibicuruzwa biva mubikorwa byubuhinzi kandi mubisanzwe bigizwe na selile, hemicellulose, lignin, nibindi bintu kama kama. Gukoresha ibisigazwa byubuhinzi kugirango umusaruro wa selile utange inyungu zibidukikije mugabanya imyanda no gukoresha umutungo ushobora kuvugururwa.

Gukuramo selile mu bisigazwa by’ubuhinzi bikubiyemo inzira zisa n’umusaruro w’ibiti, harimo kugabanya ingano, kuvura imiti, no gutunganya. Nyamara, imiterere yimiti nuburyo bwibisigazwa byubuhinzi birashobora gutandukana nibiti, bisaba ko hahindurwa ibipimo byo gutunganya kugirango umusaruro wa selile ube mwiza.

Algae:
Nubwo bidakoreshwa cyane nkibiti byimbuto, ipamba, cyangwa ibisigazwa byubuhinzi, ubwoko bumwebumwe bwa algae burimo selile kandi bwashakishijwe nkibishobora kuvamo selile. Algal selulose itanga ibyiza nko kwiyongera byihuse, ibinyabuzima byinshi bya selile, hamwe nubutaka buto n’amazi ugereranije n’ibimera byo ku isi.

Gukuramo selile muri algae mubisanzwe bikubiyemo gusenya inkuta za selile kugirango urekure fibre ya selile, hanyuma ugasukurwa no kuyitunganya kugirango ubone ibikoresho bya selile. Ubushakashatsi ku musemburo wa selile ishingiye kuri algae burakomeje, bugamije guteza imbere uburyo burambye kandi bufatika mu bukungu ku musaruro munini.

ibikoresho by'ibanze byaselileshyiramo ibiti, ipamba, ibisigazwa byubuhinzi, kandi, ku rugero ruto, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa algae. Ibi bikoresho fatizo bigenda bikorwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya no gutunganya selile, ikora nkibintu byinshi kandi byingenzi mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda nubucuruzi, harimo gukora impapuro, imyenda, imiti, imiti y'ibiribwa, na biyogi. Isoko rirambye hamwe nubuhanga bushya bwo gutunganya bikomeje gutera imbere mu musaruro wa selile, kuzamura imikorere, kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije, no kwagura uburyo bushoboka bw’umutungo kamere w’agaciro.