Mubiteguye-bivanze na minisiteri, umubare wongeyehoselile etherni hasi cyane, ariko irashobora kunoza cyane imikorere ya minisiteri itose, kandi ninyongera nyamukuru igira ingaruka kumyubakire ya minisiteri. Guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro ethers ya selile yubwoko butandukanye, viscosities zitandukanye, ingano zingana zingana, dogere zitandukanye za viscosity hamwe n’amafaranga yongeweho bizagira ingaruka nziza kumikorere yimikorere ya poro yumye.
Kugeza ubu, amabuye menshi yo kubumba no guhomeka afite imikorere idahwitse yo gufata amazi, kandi amazi yatandukanijwe nyuma yiminota mike ihagaze. Kugumana amazi nigikorwa cyingenzi cya methyl selulose ether, kandi nigikorwa kandi benshi mubakora uruganda rwumye-ruvanze na minisiteri, cyane cyane abo mukarere ka majyepfo bafite ubushyuhe bwinshi, bitondera. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gufata amazi ya minisiteri yumye yumye harimo ingano ya MC yongeweho, ubwiza bwa MC, ubwiza bwibice hamwe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije.
1. Igitekerezo
Cellulose ether ni polymer yubukorikori ikozwe muri selile naturel binyuze muburyo bwo guhindura imiti. Cellulose ether ni inkomoko ya selile naturel. Umusaruro wa selulose ether uratandukanye na polymrike ya synthique. Ibikoresho byibanze byingenzi ni selile, ibinyabuzima bisanzwe bya polymer. Bitewe numwihariko wimiterere ya selile isanzwe, selile ubwayo ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwo kubyitwaramo na etherification. Ariko, nyuma yo kuvura imiti yabyimbye, imiyoboro ikomeye ya hydrogène iri hagati yiminyururu ya molekile n'iminyururu irasenyuka, kandi kurekura gukomeye kwitsinda hydroxyl bihinduka selile ya alkali selile. Kubona selile ether.
Ibiranga selile ya selile biterwa n'ubwoko, umubare no gukwirakwiza insimburangingo. Itondekanya rya selile ya selile nayo ishingiye ku bwoko bwinsimburangingo, urwego rwa etherification, solubile hamwe nibisabwa bijyanye. Ukurikije ubwoko bwinsimburangingo kumurongo wa molekile, irashobora kugabanywamo monoether hamwe na ether ivanze. Mubisanzwe dukoresha MC nka monoether, na PMC nka ether ivanze. Methyl selulose ether MC nigicuruzwa nyuma yitsinda rya hydroxyl kumurongo wa glucose ya selile isanzwe isimburwa nitsinda ryimikorere. Nibicuruzwa byabonetse mugusimbuza igice cyitsinda rya hydroxyl kumurongo hamwe nitsinda ryimikorere naho ikindi gice hamwe nitsinda rya hydroxypropyl. Imiterere yuburyo ni [C6H7O2 (OH) 3-mn (OCH3) m [OCH2CH (OH) CH3] n] x Hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether HEMC, ubu ni ubwoko bwingenzi bukoreshwa cyane kandi bugurishwa ku isoko.
Kubijyanye no kwikemurira ibibazo, birashobora kugabanywamo ionic na non-ionic. Amazi ashonga adafite ionic selulose ethers agizwe ahanini nuruhererekane rwibintu bibiri bya alkyl ethers na hydroxyalkyl ethers. Ionic CMC ikoreshwa cyane cyane munganda zogukoresha, gucapa imyenda no gusiga irangi, ibiryo nubushakashatsi bwamavuta. MC idafite ionic MC, PMC, HEMC, nibindi bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byubaka, gutwikira latx, imiti, imiti ya buri munsi, nibindi bikoreshwa nkibibyimbye, ibikoresho bigumana amazi, stabilisateur, ikwirakwiza hamwe nogukora firime.
2. Kubika amazi ya selile ether
Kugumana amazi ya selile ether: Mu gukora ibikoresho byubaka, cyane cyane ifu yumye yumye, selulose ether igira uruhare rudasubirwaho, cyane cyane mugukora minisiteri idasanzwe (minisiteri yahinduwe), nikintu cyingenzi kandi cyingenzi.
Uruhare rwingenzi rwa selulose ether-ether-ether-ether muri minisiteri ahanini ifite ibintu bitatu, kimwe nubushobozi buhebuje bwo gufata amazi, ikindi ni ingaruka ku guhuza hamwe na thixotropy ya minisiteri, naho icya gatatu ni imikoranire na sima. Ingaruka yo gufata amazi ya selile ya selile biterwa no kwinjiza amazi kurwego rwibanze, imiterere ya minisiteri, ubunini bwikigero cya minisiteri, amazi akenerwa na minisiteri, nigihe cyo kugenera ibikoresho. Kugumana amazi ya selile ether ubwayo bituruka kumashanyarazi no kubura umwuma wa selile ubwayo. Nkuko twese tubizi, nubwo urunigi rwa selile ya selile irimo umubare munini wamatsinda ya OH afite ingufu nyinshi, ntabwo ashonga mumazi, kuko imiterere ya selile ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa kristu.
Ubushobozi bwo kuyobora amatsinda ya hydroxyl yonyine ntibihagije kugirango uhuze imigozi ikomeye ya hydrogène nimbaraga za van der Waals hagati ya molekile. Kubwibyo, irabyimba gusa ariko ntishonga mumazi. Iyo insimburangingo yinjijwe mumurongo wa molekile, ntabwo insimburangingo yangiza urunigi rwa hydrogène gusa, ariko kandi isano ya hydrogène ihuza imiyoboro irasenywa bitewe no guhuza insimburangingo hagati yiminyururu yegeranye. Ninini isimbuye, niko intera iri hagati ya molekile. Intera nini. Ingaruka nini zo gusenya imigozi ya hydrogène, ether ya selulose ihinduka amazi-nyuma ya latulice ya selile yagutse kandi igisubizo kikinjira, kigakora igisubizo cyinshi cyane. Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse, hydrated ya polymer igabanuka, kandi amazi ari hagati yiminyururu yirukanwa. Iyo ingaruka zo kubura umwuma zihagije, molekile zitangira kwegeranya, zikora imiterere-yimiterere-yimiterere-itatu igizwe na gel hanyuma ikazunguruka. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gufata amazi ya minisiteri harimo ubwiza bwa selile ya selile, umubare wongeyeho, ubwiza bwibice hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gukoresha.
Ninini cyane ya selulose ether, niko gukora neza amazi. Viscosity nikintu cyingenzi cyimikorere ya MC. Kugeza ubu, abakora MC batandukanye bakoresha uburyo nibikoresho bitandukanye kugirango bapime ubwiza bwa MC. Uburyo nyamukuru ni Haake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde na Brookfield. Kubicuruzwa bimwe, ibisubizo bya viscosity byapimwe nuburyo butandukanye biratandukanye cyane, ndetse bimwe byikubye kabiri itandukaniro. Kubwibyo, mugihe ugereranije viscosity, bigomba gukorwa hagati yuburyo bumwe bwo gupima, harimo ubushyuhe, rotor, nibindi.
Muri rusange, uko ubukonje buri hejuru, ningaruka nziza yo gufata amazi. Nyamara, uko ubukonje buringaniye hamwe nuburemere bwa molekile ya MC, kugabanuka gukwiranye kwayo bizagira ingaruka mbi kumbaraga no mubikorwa bya minisiteri. Iyo hejuru yubukonje, niko bigaragara ingaruka zo kubyimba kuri minisiteri, ariko ntabwo ihwanye neza. Iyo hejuru yubusembwa, niko amabuye atose azarushaho kuba meza, ni ukuvuga mugihe cyubwubatsi, bigaragarira nko kwizirika kuri scraper no gufatira hejuru kuri substrate. Ariko ntabwo ari byiza kongera imbaraga zimiterere ya minisiteri yonyine. Mugihe cyo kubaka, imikorere irwanya sag ntabwo igaragara. Ibinyuranye na byo, bimwe mu biciriritse kandi bito ariko byahinduwe na methyl selulose ethers bifite imikorere myiza mugutezimbere imiterere yimiterere ya minisiteri.
Umubare munini wa selulose ether wongeyeho kuri minisiteri, niko imikorere myiza yo gufata amazi, hamwe nubukonje bwinshi, nuburyo bwiza bwo gufata amazi.
Kubijyanye nubunini bwibice, nibyiza nibice, niko gufata amazi neza. Nyuma yuko ibice binini bya selile ya selile ihuye namazi, ubuso burahita bushonga hanyuma bugakora jel yo gupfunyika ibikoresho kugirango birinde molekile zamazi gukomeza kwinjira. Rimwe na rimwe, ntishobora gutandukana kimwe no gushonga nubwo nyuma yigihe kirekire ikurura, igakora igisubizo cyijimye cyangwa igiterane. Ifite cyane cyane kubika amazi ya selile ya selile, kandi gukomera ni kimwe mubintu byo guhitamo selile.
Ubwiza nabwo ni indangagaciro yingenzi ya methyl selulose ether. MC ikoreshwa mu ifu yumye isabwa kuba ifu, irimo amazi make, kandi ubwiza nabwo busaba 20% ~ 60% yubunini buke butarenze 63um. Ubwiza bugira ingaruka kumyuka ya methyl selulose ether. Ubusanzwe MC isanzwe ni granular, kandi biroroshye gushonga mumazi nta agglomeration, ariko igipimo cyo kuyasesa kiratinda cyane, ntabwo rero gikwiriye gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi yumye. Mu ifu yumye yumye, MC ikwirakwizwa mubikoresho bya sima nka agregate, kuzuza neza na sima, kandi ifu nziza ihagije irashobora kwirinda methyl selulose ether agglomeration mugihe ivanze namazi. Iyo MC yongewemo namazi yo gushonga agglomerates, biragoye cyane gutatanya no gushonga.
Ubwiza bwa MC ntabwo busesagura gusa, ahubwo binagabanya imbaraga zaho za minisiteri. Iyo ifu yumye yumye ishyizwe ahantu hanini, umuvuduko wo gukiza wa pompe yumye yumutaka uzagabanuka cyane, kandi ibice bizagaragara kubera ibihe bitandukanye byo gukira. Kuri minisiteri yatewe hamwe nubwubatsi bwa mashini, ibisabwa kubwiza ni byinshi kubera igihe gito cyo kuvanga. Ubwiza bwa MC nabwo bugira ingaruka runaka kububiko bwamazi. Muri rusange, kuri methyl selulose ethers ifite ubwiza bumwe ariko bwiza butandukanye, kubwinshi bwiyongereye, nibyiza nibyiza ingaruka zo gufata amazi.
Kugumana amazi ya MC nabyo bifitanye isano n'ubushyuhe bwakoreshejwe, kandi kugumana amazi ya methyl selulose ether bigabanuka hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Nyamara, mubikorwa bifatika, ifu yumye ikoreshwa mubutaka bushyushye mubushyuhe bwinshi (hejuru ya dogere 40) ahantu henshi, nko kurukuta rwinyuma rushyira munsi yizuba mugihe cyizuba, ibyo bikaba byihutisha Gukiza sima no gukomera kwa poro yumye. Kugabanuka kw'igipimo cyo gufata amazi biganisha ku kumva ko gukora ndetse no kurwanya ibice bigira ingaruka, kandi ni ngombwa cyane cyane kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe muri iki kibazo.
Nubwomethyl hydroxyethyl selulose etherinyongeramusaruro zifatwa nkiziri ku isonga mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, kwishingikiriza ku bushyuhe bizakomeza gutuma intege nke zikora za poro yumye. Nubwo ingano ya methyl hydroxyethyl selulose yiyongereye (formula yo mu cyi), gukora no kurwanya ibice ntibishobora guhaza ibikenewe gukoreshwa. Binyuze mu buvuzi budasanzwe kuri MC, nko kongera urugero rwa etherification, nibindi, ingaruka zo gufata amazi zirashobora kugumana ubushyuhe bwinshi, kugirango zishobore gutanga imikorere myiza mubihe bibi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-28-2024