Inganda zinganda ：
(1) Inganda zo hejuru
Ibikoresho by'ibanze bikenerwa mu musaruro waselile etherushizemo ipamba inoze (cyangwa ibiti byimbuto) hamwe nibisanzwe bivangwa na chimique, nka oxyde ya propylene, methyl chloride, soda ya caustic soda, soda ya caustic, okiside ya Ethylene, toluene nibindi bikoresho bifasha. Inganda zizamuka mu nganda zikora inganda zirimo ipamba inoze, inganda zikora ibiti ndetse ninganda zimwe na zimwe zikora imiti. Ihindagurika ryibiciro byibikoresho nyamukuru byavuzwe haruguru bizagira ingaruka zitandukanye kubiciro byumusaruro no kugurisha igiciro cya selile.
Igiciro cy'ipamba inoze ni kinini. Dufashe urugero rwibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selile ya selile, mugihe cyo gutanga raporo, igiciro cya pamba itunganijwe cyagize 31.74%, 28.50%, 26.59% na 26.90% byigiciro cyo kugurisha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selile. Guhindagurika kw'ibiciro by'ipamba inoze bizagira ingaruka ku musaruro wa selile ya ether. Ibikoresho fatizo byingenzi byo gukora ipamba inoze ni imyenda y'ipamba. Imyenda y'ipamba ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa biva mu nzira yo gutunganya ipamba, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutanga ipamba, ipamba inoze, nitrocellulose n'ibindi bicuruzwa. Gukoresha agaciro no gukoresha imyenda ya pamba na pamba biratandukanye cyane, kandi igiciro cyacyo biragaragara ko kiri munsi yicy'ipamba, ariko gifite aho gihuriye no guhindagurika kw'ibiciro by'ipamba. Imihindagurikire yikiguzi cyimyenda ipamba igira ingaruka kubiciro by'ipamba inoze.
Imihindagurikire ikabije ku giciro cy’ipamba inoze bizagira ingaruka zitandukanye ku kugenzura ibiciro by’umusaruro, ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa n’inyungu z’inganda muri uru ruganda. Iyo igiciro cya pamba itunganijwe ari kinini kandi igiciro cyibiti byigiti kikaba gihenze ugereranije, kugirango ugabanye ibiciro, ifu yinkwi irashobora gukoreshwa nkigisimburwa ninyongera kumpamba itunganijwe, cyane cyane ikoreshwa mugukora ethers ya selile ifite ububobere buke nka farumasi nibiryo bya selile. Dukurikije imibare yavuye ku rubuga rw’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare, mu 2013, ubuso bwanjye bwo guhingamo ipamba bwari hegitari miliyoni 4.35, naho umusaruro w’ipamba mu gihugu ukaba wari toni miliyoni 6.31. Imibare yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda mu Bushinwa Cellulose ivuga ko mu 2014, umusaruro w’ipamba inoze yakozwe n’inganda zikomeye zitunganijwe mu gihugu zari toni 332.000, kandi gutanga ibikoresho fatizo ni byinshi.
Ibikoresho by'ibanze byo gukora ibikoresho bya shimi ya grafite ni ibyuma na karubone. Igiciro cyibyuma na grafitike ya karubone bifite umubare munini ugereranije nigiciro cyibicuruzwa byibikoresho bya shimi. Ihindagurika ryibiciro byibi bikoresho fatizo bizagira ingaruka runaka kubiciro byumusaruro no kugurisha igiciro cyibikoresho bya shimi bya grafite.
(2) Hasi yinganda za selile ya ether
Nka "inganda monosodium glutamate", selile ya selile ifite igipimo gito cya selile ya selile kandi ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha. Inganda zimanuka zinyanyagiye mubyiciro byose mubukungu bwigihugu.
Mubisanzwe, inganda zubaka zubatswe ninganda zitimukanwa bizagira ingaruka runaka kumuvuduko wubwiyongere bwibisabwa kugirango hubakwe ibikoresho bya selile selile. Iyo inganda zubaka mu gihugu n’inganda zitimukanwa zigenda ziyongera vuba, isoko ryimbere mu gihugu ryubaka selile yo mu rwego rwa selile ryiyongera cyane. Iyo umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwinganda zubwubatsi bwimbere mu gihugu ninganda zitimukanwa zitinze, umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwibisabwa kugirango hubakwe ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa selulose ether ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu bizagabanuka, ibyo bikazongera amarushanwa muri uru ruganda kandi byihutishe inzira yo kubaho neza kurusha abandi mu nganda zikora inganda.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, mu rwego rwo kudindira kw’inganda zubaka mu gihugu n’inganda zitimukanwa, icyifuzo cyo kubaka ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selile selile mu isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ntabwo cyahindutse ku buryo bugaragara. Impamvu nyamukuru ni: 1. Igipimo rusange cyinganda zubaka mu gihugu n’inganda zitimukanwa ni nini, kandi isoko rusange rikenewe ni rinini; isoko nyamukuru ryabaguzi yo kubaka ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selile ether igenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro kuva mu turere twateye imbere mu bukungu no mu mijyi yo mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icya kabiri kugera mu turere two hagati no mu burengerazuba ndetse no mu mijyi yo mu cyiciro cya gatatu, ubushobozi bw’imbere mu gihugu no kwagura umwanya; 2. Ingano ya selulose ether yongeyeho konti ku gipimo gito cyibiciro byibikoresho byubaka. Amafaranga yakoreshejwe numukiriya umwe ni make, kandi abakiriya baratatanye, bikunze gukenerwa cyane. Ibisabwa byose ku isoko ryo hasi birahagaze neza; 3. Guhindura ibiciro byisoko nikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumiterere yimiterere yo kubaka ibikoresho bya selile selile. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, igiciro cyo kugurisha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selulose ether cyaragabanutse cyane, ibyo bikaba byaragabanutse cyane ku giciro cy’ibicuruzwa biva hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru, bikurura abakiriya benshi kugura no guhitamo, kongera icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru, no kugabanya isoko ry’isoko hamwe n’umwanya w’ibiciro ku ngero zisanzwe.
Urwego rwiterambere rwinganda zimiti nigipimo cyubwiyongere bwinganda zimiti bizagira ingaruka kubisabwa na selile ya selile selile. Kuzamura imibereho yabaturage ninganda zateye imbere mu biribwa bifasha mu gutuma isoko rikenerwa na selile yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Iterambere ryiterambere rya selile ether
Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye muburyo bukenewe ku isoko rya selulose ether, ibigo bifite imbaraga nintege nke birashobora kubana. Urebye itandukaniro rigaragara ryimiterere yibisabwa ku isoko, abakora selile yo mu gihugu imbere bafashe ingamba zitandukanye zo guhatanira amasoko bashingiye ku mbaraga zabo, kandi muri icyo gihe, bagomba gusobanukirwa neza n'iterambere ry'icyerekezo n'icyerekezo cy'isoko neza.
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Cellulose ether ibara igice gito cyibiciro byumusaruro wibigo byinshi byo hasi muriyi nganda, ariko bifite ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yibicuruzwa. Amatsinda y'abakiriya hagati-hejuru-yohejuru agomba kunyura mubigeragezo mbere yo gukoresha ikirango runaka cya selile. Nyuma yo gukora formulaire ihamye, mubisanzwe ntabwo byoroshye gusimbuza ibindi bicuruzwa byibicuruzwa, kandi mugihe kimwe, ibisabwa bihanitse bishyirwa kumurongo mwiza wa selile ether. Iyi phenomenon igaragara cyane mubice byo murwego rwo hejuru nkibikoresho binini byubaka ibikoresho byo mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, ibikoreshwa mu bya farumasi, inyongeramusaruro, na PVC. Kugirango tunoze irushanwa ryibicuruzwa, ababikora bagomba kwemeza ko ubuziranenge n’umutekano by’ibice bitandukanye bya selile ether batanga bishobora kugumaho igihe kirekire, kugirango bibe byiza ku isoko ryiza.
(2) Kunoza urwego rwa tekinoroji yo gukoresha ibicuruzwa nicyerekezo cyiterambere cyibikorwa bya selile yo murugo
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yaselile ether, urwego rwohejuru rwa tekinoroji yo gukoresha irafasha kunoza irushanwa ryuzuye ryinganda no gushiraho umubano uhamye wabakiriya. Isosiyete izwi cyane ya selulose ether mu bihugu byateye imbere cyane cyane ifata ingamba zo guhatanira "guhangana n’abakiriya benshi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru + batezimbere imikoreshereze n’imikoreshereze" yo guteza imbere imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze n’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’abakiriya. Amarushanwa yinganda za selulose ether mubihugu byateye imbere yavuye mubicuruzwa yinjira mumarushanwa mubijyanye na tekinoroji yo gukoresha.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-25-2024