Ibigize ibikoresho bibisi

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho fatizo byibimera, ariko ibigize shingiro bifite itandukaniro rito, ahanini bigizwe nisukari nisukari.

. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byibimera bifite ibintu bitandukanye muri buri kintu. Ibikurikira byerekana muri make ibice bitatu byingenzi bigize ibikoresho fatizo byibimera:

Cellulose ether, lignin na hemicellulose.

1.3 Ibanze shingiro ryibikoresho fatizo byibimera

1.3.1.1 Cellulose

Cellulose ni macromolecular polysaccharide igizwe na D-glucose hamwe na β-1,4 glycosidic. Nibya kera kandi byinshi cyane kwisi.

Polimeri karemano. Imiterere yimiti isanzwe igaragazwa na formulaire ya Haworth hamwe nintebe yo guhindura imiterere, aho n ni urugero rwa polyisikaride polymerisation.

Cellulose Carbohydrate Xylan

arabinoxylan

glucuronide xylan

glucuronide arabinoxylan

glucomannan

Galactoglucomannan

arabinogalactan

Ibinyamisogwe, pectine hamwe nandi masukari ashonga

ibice bitarimo karubone

lignin

Gukuramo Lipide, Lignol, Imiti ya Azote, Imvange

Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose

Terpène, resin acide, aside irike, steroli, ibimera neza, tannine

ibikoresho by'ibimera

1.4 Imiterere yimiti ya selile

1.3.1.2 Lignin

Igice cyibanze cya lignin ni fenylpropane, hanyuma igahuzwa na CC bond na ether.

andika polymer. Mu miterere yibihingwa, urwego rwimitsi rurimo lignine nyinshi,

Ibice bigize ingirabuzimafatizo byagabanutse, ariko ibirimo lignin byiyongereye murwego rwimbere rwurukuta rwa kabiri. Nkibintu bigize intercellular, lignin na hemifibril

Hamwe na hamwe baruzuza hagati ya fibre nziza y'urukuta rw'akagari, bityo bagakomeza urukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima.

1.5 Lignin yubatswe na monomers, muburyo: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane na alcool ya coniferyl

1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose

Bitandukanye na lignin, hemicellulose ni heteropolymer igizwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa monosaccharide. Ukurikije ibyo

Ubwoko bw'isukari no kubaho cyangwa kutabaho kw'amatsinda ya acyl birashobora kugabanywamo glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic aside) -xylan,

Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic aside xylan, arabinosyl galactan, nibindi muri,

Mirongo itanu kwijana ryibiti byimbaho ​​ni xylan, iri hejuru ya microfibrile ya selile kandi igahuzwa na fibre.

Bakora urusobe rw'utugari duhujwe cyane.

1.4 Intego yubushakashatsi, akamaro ningenzi bikubiye muriyi ngingo

1.4.1 Intego n'akamaro k'ubushakashatsi

Intego yubu bushakashatsi ni uguhitamo amoko atatu ahagarariye hifashishijwe isesengura ryibigize bimwe mubikoresho fatizo byibimera.

Cellulose ikurwa mubikoresho byibimera. Hitamo uburyo bukwiye bwa etherifying, hanyuma ukoreshe selile yakuwe kugirango usimbuze ipamba kugirango ihindurwe kandi ihindurwe kugirango utegure fibre.

Vitamine ether. Ether yateguwe na selile yakoreshejwe mugucapa irangi ryirangi, hanyuma amaherezo yo gucapura yagereranijwe no kumenya byinshi

Cellulose ethers ya reaction yamabara yo gucapa.

Mbere ya byose, ubushakashatsi bwiyi ngingo bwakemuye ikibazo cyo kongera gukoresha no kwangiza ibidukikije byangiza imyanda y’ibiti ku rugero runaka.

Mugihe kimwe, inzira nshya yongewe kumasoko ya selile. Icya kabiri, sodium ya chloroacetate nkeya na 2-chloroethanol ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya etherifying,

Aho kugira ngo acide ya chloroacetike ifite ubumara bwinshi, hateguwe ether ya selile hanyuma igashyirwa kumyenda y'ipamba yerekana irangi ryanditse, hamwe na sodium alginate

Ubushakashatsi kubasimbuye bufite urwego runaka rwubuyobozi, kandi bufite akamaro gakomeye nagaciro kerekana.

Fibre Urukuta Lignin Yashegeshwe Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose

9

1.4.2 Ibirimo ubushakashatsi

1.4.2.1 Gukuramo selile mu bikoresho fatizo byibimera

Ubwa mbere, ibice byibikoresho fatizo by ibihingwa bipimwa kandi bigasesengurwa, hatoranijwe ibikoresho fatizo bitatu by ibihingwa byatoranijwe kugirango bikuremo fibre.

Vitamine. Noneho, inzira yo gukuramo selile yatejwe imbere no kuvura alkali na aside. Hanyuma, UV

Absorption spectroscopy, FTIR na XRD byakoreshejwe muguhuza ibicuruzwa.

1.4.2.2 Gutegura ethers ya selile

Ukoresheje ibiti bya pinusi selile nkibikoresho fatizo, byateguwe na alkali yibanze, hanyuma hakoreshwa igeragezwa rya orthogonal hamwe nubushakashatsi bumwe,

Inzira yo kwitegura yaCMC, HECna HECMC byari byiza cyane.

Ethers ya selile yateguwe yaranzwe na FTIR, H-NMR na XRD.

1.4.2.3 Gukoresha selile ya ether paste

Ubwoko butatu bwa selile ethers na sodium alginate byakoreshejwe nka paste yumwimerere, kandi igipimo cyo gushiraho paste, ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi hamwe n’imiti ihuza imiti yambere.

Ibintu byibanze bya bine byumwimerere byagereranijwe kubijyanye nimiterere nububiko buhamye.

Ukoresheje ubwoko butatu bwa selulose ethers na sodium alginate nka paste yumwimerere, kugena ibara ryanditseho amabara, gukora icapiro ryirangi, unyuze kumeza yikizamini

Kugereranya bitatuselile ethers na

Gucapa ibintu bya sodium alginate.

1.4.3 Ingingo zo guhanga udushya

.

Inzira nshya, kandi icyarimwe, ku rugero runaka, ikemura ikibazo cyo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo by’ibihingwa n’imyanda yangiza ibidukikije; kandi itezimbere fibre

Uburyo bwo kuvoma.

.

Kanseri), nibindi byangiza umubiri wumuntu nibidukikije. Muri iyi nyandiko, sodium chloroacetate yangiza ibidukikije na 2-chloroethanol ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya etherification.

Mu mwanya wa aside ya chloroacetike na okiside ya Ethylene, hateguwe ethers ya selile. .

Reba.