Ikibazo cyihuse kijyanye na selile
Ether ya selile ni itsinda ritandukanye ryimiti ikomoka kuri selile, ikaba ari polymer organic nyinshi cyane kwisi. Izi nteruro zasanze zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye bitewe nimiterere yihariye hamwe nibikorwa byinshi.
Imiterere n'imiterere yaEthers
Cellulose, polysaccharide igizwe no gusubiramo ibice bya glucose bihujwe na β (1 → 4) imigozi ya glycosidique, ikora nkibice byibanze byubatswe murukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima. Ethers ya selile ihindurwamo imiti ihindura hydroxyl matsinda (-OH) igaragara muri molekile ya selile. Ubwoko bukunze kugaragara bwa ethers ya selile harimo methyl selulose (MC), hydroxypropyl selulose (HPC), hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC), carboxymethyl selulose (CMC), na selile hydroxyethyl selulose (EHEC).
Gusimbuza amatsinda ya hydroxyl muri selile hamwe nitsinda ryimikorere itandukanye ihindura imiterere ya selile ya selile. Kurugero, kwinjiza amatsinda ya methyl byongera imbaraga zo gukemura amazi no gukora firime, bigatuma MC ibereye gukoreshwa mumiti yimiti, ibikomoka ku biribwa, nibikoresho byubwubatsi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kwinjiza amatsinda ya hydroxyethyl cyangwa hydroxypropyl biteza imbere gufata amazi, ubushobozi bwo kubyimba, hamwe no gufatira hamwe, bigatuma HEC na HPC byongerwaho agaciro mubicuruzwa byita ku muntu, amarangi, hamwe n’ibiti. Carboxymethyl selulose, ikorwa no gusimbuza amatsinda ya hydroxyl hamwe nitsinda rya carboxymethyl, yerekana uburyo bwiza bwo gufata amazi, gutekana, hamwe no kubyimba, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z’ibiribwa, imiti y’imiti, ndetse n’inyongeramusaruro y’amazi mu bucukuzi bwa peteroli na gaze.
Urwego rwo gusimbuza (DS), rwerekana umubare mpuzandengo w'amatsinda ya hydroxyl yasimbuwe kuri glucose ya selile muri selile, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere ya selile. Indangagaciro za DS zo hejuru akenshi zitera kwiyongera, gukomera, no gutuza, ariko gusimburwa gukabije birashobora guhungabanya ibinyabuzima ndetse nibindi bintu byifuzwa biranga selile.
Synthesis ya Cellulose Ethers
Synthesis ya selile ya selile irimo reaction yimiti itangiza amatsinda asimbuza umugongo wa selile. Bumwe mu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukora ethers ya selile ni etherification ya selile ukoresheje reagent ikwiye mugihe cyagenzuwe.
Kurugero, synthesis ya methyl selulose mubisanzwe ikubiyemo reaction ya selile hamwe na hydroxide ya alkali ibyuma kugirango habeho selile ya alkali, hanyuma ikurikirwa no kuvura methyl chloride cyangwa dimethyl sulfate kugirango yinjize amatsinda ya methyl kumurongo wa selile. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, hydroxypropyl selulose na hydroxyethyl selulose ikomatanyirizwa hamwe no gukora selile hamwe na oxyde ya propylene cyangwa okiside ya Ethylene, imbere ya catalizike ya alkali.
Carboxymethyl selulose ikorwa hifashishijwe reaction ya selile hamwe na hydroxide ya sodium na acide chloroacetic cyangwa umunyu wa sodium. Inzira ya carboxymethylation ibaho binyuze mugusimbuza nucleophilique, aho hydroxyl groupe ya selile yifata hamwe na acide chloroacetic kugirango ikore carboxymethyl ether ihuza.
Synthesis ya selile ya selile isaba kugenzura neza uko ibintu byifashe, nkubushyuhe, pH, nigihe cyo kubyitwaramo, kugirango ugere kurwego rwifuzwa rwo gusimbuza nibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, intambwe zo kweza zikoreshwa kenshi mugukuraho ibicuruzwa n’ibihumanya, byemeza ubuziranenge hamwe na selile ya selile.
Porogaramu ya Cellulose Ethers
Ether ya selulose isanga porogaramu zikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye bitewe n'imiterere yabo n'imikorere itandukanye. Bimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi birimo:
Inganda zikora ibiribwa:Ethernka carboxymethyl selulose ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kubyimba, stabilisateur, na emulisiferi mubicuruzwa byibiribwa nka sosi, imyambarire, hamwe na cream. Bitezimbere ubwiza, ubwiza, hamwe nigikonoshwa mugihe byongera umunwa nibisohoka.
Imiti ya farumasi: Methyl selulose na hydroxypropyl selulose ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya farumasi nka binders, disintegrants, hamwe nubugenzuzi-burekura ibinini, ibinini, capsules, hamwe nibisobanuro byingenzi. Iyi selile ya selile itezimbere itangwa ryibiyobyabwenge, bioavailable, hamwe no kubahiriza abarwayi.
Ibikoresho byubwubatsi: Methyl selulose na hydroxyethyl selulose bikoreshwa mubikorwa byubwubatsi nkinyongera mumabuye ashingiye kuri sima, plaster, hamwe nudukaratasi twa tile kugirango byongere imikorere, kubika amazi, hamwe nibintu bifatika. Batezimbere ubumwe, kugabanya gucamo, no kuzamura imikorere yibikoresho byubwubatsi.
Ibicuruzwa byawe bwite: Hydroxyethyl selulose na hydroxypropyl selulose nibintu bisanzwe mubicuruzwa byita kumuntu nka shampo, amavuta yo kwisiga, hamwe na cream bitewe na t
o kubyimba kwabo, gutuza, no gukora firime. Itezimbere ibicuruzwa, imiterere, hamwe nuruhu byunvikana mugihe byongera imiterere ihamye.
Irangi hamwe na Coatings: Ethers ya selile ikora nk'ibihindura rheologiya, kubyimbye, hamwe na stabilisateur mu gusiga amarangi, gutwikisha, hamwe no gufatira hamwe, kunoza imitunganyirize yimikorere, imyitwarire yimikorere, no gukora firime. Zongera imbaraga zo kugenzura ibishishwa, kurwanya sag, no gutuza amabara muburyo bushingiye kumazi.
Inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli na gazi: Carboxymethyl selulose ikoreshwa nkumuhinduzi wijimye kandi ugenzura igihombo cyamazi mugucukura amazi yo gushakisha peteroli na gaze. Itezimbere imvugo, gusukura umwobo, no guhagarara neza mugihe irinda kwangirika.
Inganda zikora imyenda: Ethers ya selile ikoreshwa mugucapa imyenda, gusiga irangi, no kurangiza kugirango wongere ibisobanuro byanditse, umusaruro wamabara, hamwe nubworoherane bwimyenda. Zorohereza gukwirakwiza pigment, kwizirika kuri fibre, no gukaraba byihuse mugukoresha imyenda.
Etheruhagarariye itsinda ritandukanye ryimiti ikomoka kuri selile, itanga ibintu byinshi nibikorwa byinganda zitandukanye. Binyuze mu kugenzura imiti ihindura ingirangingo ya selile, ethers ya selile yerekana ibintu byifuzwa nko gukama amazi, kugenzura ubukonje, no gutuza, bigatuma iba inyongera ntagereranywa mu nganda kuva ku biribwa na farumasi kugeza ku bwubatsi n’imyenda. Mugihe icyifuzo cyibikoresho birambye kandi bitangiza ibidukikije bikomeje kwiyongera, ethers ya selile yiteguye kugira uruhare runini mugukemura ibibazo bikenerwa ninganda zigezweho mugihe hagabanijwe ingaruka z’ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-02-2024