Cellulose etherbụ ngwakọta polymer nwere usoro ether nke cellulose mere. Mgbanaka glucosyl ọ bụla na cellulose macromolecule nwere atọ hydroxyl otu, ndị bụ isi hydroxyl otu na isii carbon atom, nke abụọ hydroxyl otu na nke abụọ na nke atọ carbon atọm, na hydrogen na hydroxyl otu na-anọchi otu hydrocarbon otu iji mepụta cellulose ether mmepụta ihe. Ọ bụ ngwaahịa na-eji otu hydrocarbon dochie hydrogen nke hydroxyl Group na cellulose polymer. Cellulose bụ ngwakọta polyhydroxy nke na-adịghị agbaze ma ọ bụ gbazee. Mgbe etherification, cellulose bụ soluble na mmiri, itughari alkali ngwọta na organic mgbaze, na nwere thermoplasticity.
Cellulose bụ ngwakọta polyhydroxy nke na-adịghị agbaze ma ọ bụ gbazee. Mgbe etherification, cellulose bụ soluble na mmiri, itughari alkali ngwọta na organic mgbaze, na nwere thermoplasticity.
1. Nature:
Solubility nke cellulose mgbe etherification na-agbanwe nke ukwuu. Enwere ike ịgbaze ya na mmiri, acid dilute, dilute alkali ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaze organic. The solubility tumadi dabere na ihe atọ: (1) The e ji mara ndị dị iche iche ewebata na etherification usoro, na ẹkenam The ibu otu, na ala solubility, na ike polarity nke ẹkenam otu, mfe cellulose ether bụ igbari na mmiri; (2) Ogo nke nnọchi na nkesa nke otu etherified na macromolecule. Ọtụtụ cellulose ethers nwere ike gbazere na mmiri n'okpuru akara ụfọdụ nke nnọchi, na ogo nke nnọchi dị n'etiti 0 na 3; (3) Ogo nke polymerization nke cellulose ether, nke dị elu nke polymerization, nke na-esighị ike; N'ịdị elu nke ngbanwe nke nwere ike igbari na mmiri, otú ahụ ka ọ dị ukwuu. Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị cellulose ethers nwere ọmarịcha arụmọrụ, a na-ejikwa ya n'ọtụtụ ebe na-ewu, simenti, mmanụ ala, nri, textile, detergent, agba, ọgwụ, mpempe akwụkwọ na ngwa elektrọn na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.
2. Mepụta:
China bụ onye na-emepụta cellulose ether kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, na-enwe nkezi uto kwa afọ karịa 20%. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mbụ si kwuo, e nwere ihe dị ka 50 cellulose ether mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na China, e mere mmepụta ikike nke cellulose ether ụlọ ọrụ karịrị 400,000 tọn, na e nwere banyere 20 ụlọ ọrụ na ihe karịrị 10,000 tọn, tumadi kesara na Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing na Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai na ebe ndị ọzọ.
3. Mkpa:
N'afọ 2011, ikike mmepụta CMC nke China dị ihe dị ka tọn 300,000. Site na mmụba na-arịwanye elu maka ether cellulose dị elu na ụlọ ọrụ dịka ọgwụ, nri, na kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị, ọchịchọ ụlọ maka ngwaahịa cellulose ether ndị ọzọ na-abụghị CMC na-abawanye. , ikike mmepụta nke MC/HPMC bụ ihe dị ka tọn 120,000, na nke HEC bụ ihe dị ka tọn 20,000. PAC ka nọ na nkwalite na ngwa ngwa na China. Site na mmepe nke nnukwu mmanụ dị n'ụsọ mmiri na mmepe nke ihe owuwu ụlọ, nri, kemịkalụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ na ubi nke PAC na-abawanye ma na-amụba kwa afọ, na-enwe ike ịmepụta ihe karịrị 10,000 tọn.
4. Nhazi:
Dị ka usoro nhazi kemịkalụ nke ndị nọchiri anya, enwere ike kewaa ha na anionic, cationic na nonionic ethers. Dabere na etherification gị n'ụlọnga, e nwere methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose. cellulose na ethyl cellulose dị irè karị.
Methylcellulose:
Mgbe ejiri alkali mesoo owu a nụchara anụcha, a na-emepụta cellulose ether site na mmeghachi omume nke methane chloride dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe. N'ozuzu, ogo nke nnọchi bụ 1.6 ~ 2.0, na solubility dịkwa iche na ọkwa dị iche iche nke nnọchi. Ọ bụ nke cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic.
(1) Methylcellulose na-agbaze na mmiri oyi, ọ ga-esikwa ike igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ihe ngwọta ya na-edozi ahụ kwụsiri ike na pH = 3 ~ 12. Ọ nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta na starch, guar gum, wdg na ọtụtụ surfactants. Mgbe okpomọkụ na-erute okpomọkụ gelation, gelation na-eme.
(2) Njide mmiri nke methyl cellulose na-adabere na ego mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, nha nha na mgbasa ozi. N'ozuzu, ọ bụrụ na ego mgbakwunye buru ibu, ịdị mma dị ntakịrị, na viscosity dị ukwuu, ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri dị elu. N'ime ha, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbakwunye na-enwe mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na njide mmiri, na ọkwa nke viscosity adịghị adabere kpọmkwem na ọkwa nke njide mmiri. The mgbasa ọnụego tumadi na-adabere n'ókè nke elu mgbanwe nke cellulose ahụ na urughuru fineness. N'ime cellulose ethers dị n'elu, methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri dị elu.
(3) Mgbanwe na okpomọkụ nwere ike imetụta njide mmiri nke methyl cellulose. N'ozuzu, ka okpomọkụ dị elu, na-akawanye njọ njigide mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ nke ngwa agha gafere 40 Celsius, njide mmiri nke methyl cellulose ga-ebelata nke ukwuu, na-emetụta nrụnye ngwa ngwa.
(4)Methyl cellulosenwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ịrụ ọrụ na njikọta nke ngwa agha. “Nrapagide” ebe a na-ezo aka n'ike njikọ a na-enwe n'etiti ngwa ngwa onye ọrụ na mkpụrụ mgbidi ahụ, ya bụ, nkwụsi ike nke ngwa agha ahụ. Nchikota dị elu, nkwụsị nke mgbochi nke ngwa agha dị ukwuu, na ike nke ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụkwa ọrụ buru ibu, na ịrụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha adịghị mma. Njikọ nke methyl cellulose dị n'ogo ọkara na ngwaahịa ether cellulose.
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose:
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bụ ụdị cellulose nke mmepụta na oriri ya na-abawanye ngwa ngwa. Ọ bụ ether na-abụghị ionic cellulose agwakọta nke sitere na owu a nụchara anụcha mgbe alkalization, na-eji propylene oxide na methyl chloride dị ka onye na-ahụ maka etherification, site na usoro mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke nnọchi bụ n'ozuzu 1.2 ~ 2.0. Ngwongwo ya na-adịgasị iche dabere n'oke ọdịnaya methoxyl na ọdịnaya hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-adị mfe mgbaze na mmiri oyi, ọ ga-ezutekwa ihe isi ike na igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ma gelation okpomọkụ ya na mmiri ọkụ dị nnọọ elu karịa nke methyl cellulose. A na-emeziwanye ihe solubility na mmiri oyi ma e jiri ya tụnyere methyl cellulose.
(2) Viscosity nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-ejikọta ya na arọ molekụla ya, na ibu ibu nke molekụla, otú ahụ ka viscosity dị elu. Okpomọkụ na-emetụtakwa viscosity ya, ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye, viscosity na-ebelata. Otú ọ dị, mmetụta nke elu viscosity ya na okpomọkụ dị ala karịa nke methyl cellulose. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike mgbe echekwara ya na ụlọ okpomọkụ.
(3) Njide mmiri nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-adabere na ego mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, wdg, na ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri ya n'okpuru otu ihe mgbakwunye ahụ dị elu karịa nke methyl cellulose.
(4)Hydroxypropyl methylcellulosekwụsiri ike na acid na alkali, na ngwọta mmiri ya kwụsiri ike na pH = 2 ~ 12. Caustic soda na mmiri lime enweghị mmetụta dị nta na arụmọrụ ya, mana alkali nwere ike mee ka mgbasa ya dị ngwa ma mee ka viscosity ya dịkwuo ntakịrị. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwụsiri ike na nnu nkịtị, ma mgbe ntinye nke ngwọta nnu dị elu, viscosity nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ngwọta na-ebuli elu.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nwere ike ịgwakọta ya na mmiri-soluble polymer ogige na-etolite a edo na elu viscosity ngwọta. Dị ka mmanya polyvinyl, starch ether, chịngọm akwukwo nri, wdg.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nwere nguzogide enzyme dị mma karịa methylcellulose, na ngwọta ya adịkwaghị ka ọ ga-emebi site na enzymes karịa methylcellulose.
(7) Nrapanye nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na mgbidi ngwa agha dị elu karịa nke methylcellulose.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose:
A na-eme ya site na owu a nụchara anụcha na alkali, ma meghachi omume na ethylene oxide dị ka onye na-eme ka etherification n'ihu isopropanol. Ogo nke nnọchi ya n'ozuzu bụ 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ọ nwere hydrophilicity siri ike ma dị mfe ịmịkọrọ mmiri.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose na-agbaze na mmiri oyi, ma ọ na-esiri ike igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike na oke okpomọkụ na-enweghị gelling. Enwere ike iji ya ogologo oge n'okpuru nnukwu okpomọkụ na ngwa agha, mana njide mmiri ya dị ala karịa nke methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose kwụsiri ike na izugbe acid na alkali, na alkali nwere ike mee ngwangwa mgbasa ya na ubé dịkwuo ya viscosity. Mgbasa ya na mmiri dị ntakịrị njọ karịa nke methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose nwere ezigbo mgbochi sag arụmọrụ maka ngwa agha, ma ọ nwere ogologo oge na-azụ azụ maka ciment.
(4) Arụmọrụ nke hydroxyethyl cellulose nke ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ na-emepụta dị ala karịa nke methyl cellulose n'ihi nnukwu mmiri na ọdịnaya ntụ dị elu.
(5) Ebule nke ngwọta mmiri nke hydroxyethyl cellulose dị oke njọ. Na okpomọkụ nke ihe dịka 40 Celsius C, mildew nwere ike ime n'ime ụbọchị 3 ruo 5, nke ga-emetụta ọrụ ya.
Carboxymethyl cellulose:
A na-eme Lonic cellulose ether site na eriri eke (owu, wdg) mgbe ọgwụgwọ alkali gasịrị, na-eji sodium monochloroacetate dị ka onye na-eme ka etherification, na-enweta usoro ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke nnọchi n'ozuzu bụ 0.4 ~ 1.4, na ogo nke nnọchi na-emetụta arụmọrụ ya nke ukwuu.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose bụ ihe hygroscopic karịa, ọ ga-enwekwa mmiri karịa mgbe echekwara ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ izugbe.
(2) Carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous ngwọta adịghị emepụta gel, na viscosity na-ebelata na mmụba nke okpomọkụ. Mgbe okpomọkụ gafere 50 Celsius, viscosity agaghị agbanwe agbanwe.
(3) Nkwụsi ike ya na-emetụta pH nke ukwuu. N'ozuzu, enwere ike iji ya na ngwa ngwa gypsum, ma ọ bụghị n'igwe simenti. Mgbe nnukwu alkaline, ọ ga-efunahụ viscosity.
(4) Njide mmiri ya dị nnọọ ala karịa methyl cellulose. Ọ na-enwe mmetụta azụ azụ na ngwa agha nke gypsum ma na-ebelata ike ya. Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ahịa carboxymethyl cellulose dị nnọọ ala karịa nke methyl cellulose.
Cellulose Alkyl Ether:
Ndị nnọchi anya bụ methyl cellulose na ethyl cellulose. N'ime mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ, a na-ejikarị methyl chloride ma ọ bụ ethyl chloride eme ihe dị ka onye na-ahụ maka etherification, mmeghachi omume ya bụ:
Na usoro, R na-anọchi anya CH3 ma ọ bụ C2H5. Ịta alkali ọ bụghị naanị na-emetụta ogo etherification, kamakwa ọ na-emetụta oriri nke alkyl halides. N'ịbelata mkpokọta alkali, otú ahụ ka hydrolysis nke alkyl halide na-esiwanye ike. Iji belata oriri nke onye na-ahụ maka etherifying, a ghaghị ịbawanye ụba nke alkali. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ntinye alkali dị oke elu, a na-ebelata mmetụta ọzịza nke cellulose, nke na-adịghị akwado mmeghachi omume etherification, ya mere a na-ebelata ogo nke etherification. Maka ebumnuche a, enwere ike ịgbakwunye lye ma ọ bụ lye siri ike n'oge mmeghachi omume. The reactor kwesịrị inwe ezigbo mkpali na dọka ngwaọrụ nke mere na alkali nwere ike evenly kesaa. Methyl cellulose na ọtụtụ-eji dị ka thickener, nrapado na-echebe colloid wdg Ọ nwekwara ike-eji dị ka a dispersant maka emulsion polymerization, a bonding dispersant maka osisi, a textile slurry, ihe mgbakwunye maka nri na ihe ntecha, a ọgwụ nrapado, a ọgwụ mkpuchi ihe, na-eji na latex agba, na-ebipụta ink, na-amụba na-eji seramiiki ntọala n'oge mbụ, seramiiki na-eme ka a na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike. wdg Ethyl cellulose ngwaahịa nwere nnukwu ọrụ ike, mgbanwe, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na oyi na-eguzogide. Ethyl cellulose dị ala dochie anya na-agbaze na mmiri ma na-atụgharị ihe ngwọta alkaline, na ngwaahịa ndị dị elu dochie anya bụ soluble na ọtụtụ ihe mgbaze organic. Ọ nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta dị iche iche resins na plasticizers. Ọ nwere ike na-eji na-eme ka plastics, fim, varnishes, adhesives, latex na mkpuchi ihe maka ọgwụ ọjọọ, wdg The iwebata hydroxylkyl iche iche n'ime cellulose alkyl ethers nwere ike melite ya solubility, belata ya uche ka salting pụta, dịkwuo gelation okpomọkụ na mma na-ekpo ọkụ gbazee Njirimara, wdg The ogo mgbanwe na n'elu Njirimara dịgasị iche iche na ọdịdị nke substituxyl dị iche iche na substituxyl hydrochloride.
Cellulose Hydroxyalkyl Ether:
Ndị nnọchi anya bụ hydroxyethyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl cellulose. Ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe bụ epoxides dị ka ethylene oxide na propylene oxide. Jiri acid ma ọ bụ isi dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali. Mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ bụ iji meghachi omume alkali cellulose na onye na-ahụ maka etherification:hydroxyethyl cellulosena elu nnọchi uru bụ soluble na ma mmiri oyi na mmiri ọkụ. Hydroxypropyl cellulose nwere uru nnọchi dị elu na-agbaze na mmiri oyi mana ọ bụghị na mmiri ọkụ. Enwere ike iji hydroxyethyl cellulose mee ihe dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ maka mkpuchi latex, mbipụta textile na pastes e ji esiji ákwà, ihe mpempe akwụkwọ, nrapado na colloid nchebe. Ojiji hydroxypropyl cellulose yiri nke hydroxyethyl cellulose. Enwere ike iji hydroxypropyl cellulose nwere uru ngbanwe dị ala dị ka ihe mgbakwunye ọgwụ, nke nwere ike ịnwe ma njide na nke na-emebi emebi.
Carboxymethyl cellulose, nke bekee abbreviation CMC, na-adịkarị n'ụdị sodium nnu. Onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe bụ monochloroacetic acid, mmeghachi omume ya bụ:
Carboxymethyl cellulose bụ cellulose ether nke na-agbaze mmiri na-ejikarị eme ihe. N'oge gara aga, ọ na-bụ-eji dị ka mkpọpu ala apịtị, ma ugbu a, ọ na-akp na-eji dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nke ncha, uwe slurry, latex agba, mkpuchi nke kaadiboodu na akwụkwọ, wdg Dị ọcha carboxymethyl cellulose nwere ike ji mee ihe na nri, ọgwụ, ntecha, nakwa dị ka ihe nrapado maka seramiki na ebu.
Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) bụ ionic cellulose ether na bụ elu-ọgwụgwụ ngwaahịa dochie carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Ọ bụ ihe na-acha ọcha, na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ ubé odo ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ granule, na-adịghị egbu egbu, enweghị ụtọ, mfe igbari na mmiri na-etolite a transperent ngwọta na ụfọdụ viscosity, nwere mma okpomọkụ iguzogide nkwụsi ike na nnu-eguzogide, na ike antibacterial Njirimara. Enweghị mildew na njọ. Ọ nwere njirimara nke ịdị ọcha dị elu, ogo dị elu nke nnọchi, na nkesa otu nke ihe nnọchi anya. Ọ nwere ike na-eji dị ka ihe nkedo, thickener, rheology modifier, mmiri mmiri ọnwụ reducer, nkwusioru stabilizer, wdg Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) na-ọtụtụ-eji na niile ọrụ ebe CMC nwere ike tinye n'ọrụ, nke nwere ike dị ukwuu ibelata onunu ogwu, ikwado ojiji, nye mma kwụsie ike na izute elu usoro chọrọ.
Cyanoethyl cellulose bụ mmeghachi omume nke cellulose na acrylonitrile n'okpuru catalysis nke alkali.
Cyanoethyl cellulose nwere nnukwu dielectric na-adịgide adịgide yana ọnụọgụ ọnwụ dị ala ma enwere ike iji ya dị ka resin matrix maka phosphor na oriọna electroluminescent. Enwere ike iji cyanoethyl cellulose dị ala dochie anya akwụkwọ mkpuchi maka ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe.
A kwadebere ethers mmanya na-aba ụba nke ukwuu, alkenyl ethers, na ethers mmanya na-esi ísì ụtọ nke cellulose, mana ejibeghị ya eme ihe.
Enwere ike kewaa usoro nkwadebe nke cellulose ether n'ime usoro mmiri mmiri, usoro mgbaze, usoro igwakorita, usoro slurry, usoro gas siri ike, usoro mmiri mmiri na ngwakọta nke ụzọ ndị dị n'elu.
5.Usoro nkwadebe:
A na-ejupụta pulp α-cellulose dị elu na ngwọta alkaline ka ọ zaa ya iji bibie njikọ nke hydrogen ọzọ, mee ka mgbasa nke reagents na-emepụta cellulose alkali, wee meghachi omume na onye na-ahụ maka etherification iji nweta cellulose ether. Ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-agụnye hydrocarbon halides (ma ọ bụ sulfates), epoxides, na α na β unsaturated ogige nwere ndị na-anabata eletrọn.
6.Basic arụmọrụ:
Admixtures na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'ịkwalite ịrụ ọrụ nke ụlọ akọrọ akọrọ, na akaụntụ maka ihe karịrị 40% nke ihe onwunwe na-eri na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ. A na-enye akụkụ dị ukwuu nke admixture na ahịa ụlọ site n'aka ndị na-emepụta mba ọzọ, na ndị na-ebubata ya na-enyekwa usoro ntinye aka nke ngwaahịa ahụ. N'ihi ya, ọnụ ahịa ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ na-anọgide na-adị elu, ọ na-esikwa ike ịkwalite ngwa agha nkịtị na plasta na nnukwu ego na oke dị iche iche. A na-achịkwa ngwaahịa ahịa dị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ si mba ọzọ, na ndị na-emepụta ngwa agha akọrọ akọrọ nwere uru dị ala na enweghị ego efu; ngwa nke admixtures enweghị nyocha usoro na nke ezubere iche, ma na-agbaso usoro mba ọzọ na-enweghị isi.
Ihe na-ejigide mmiri bụ isi ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị mma na-arụ ọrụ nke mmiri akọrọ akọrọ, na ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa iji chọpụta ọnụ ahịa ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ. Isi ọrụ nke cellulose ether bụ njigide mmiri.
Cellulose ether bụ okwu n'ozuzu maka usoro ngwaahịa na-emepụta site na mmeghachi omume nke cellulose alkali na etherifying n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. Alkali cellulose na-anọchi anya dị iche iche etherifying ọrụ iji nweta dị iche iche cellulose ether. Dị ka ionization Njirimara nke nnọchi, cellulose ethers nwere ike kewaa ụzọ abụọ: ionic (dị ka carboxymethyl cellulose) na nonionic (dị ka methyl cellulose). Dị ka ụdị nnọchi, ether cellulose nwere ike kewaa monoether (dị ka methyl cellulose) na ngwakọta ether (dị ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Dị ka solubility dị iche iche si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya na mmiri solubility (dị ka hydroxyethyl cellulose) na organic mgbaze solubility (dị ka ethyl cellulose). Ngwa ngwa agwakọtara akpọnwụ akpọnwụ akpọnwụ akpọnwụ bụ cellulose na-agbaze mmiri, na cellulose nke nwere ike ịsọpu mmiri na-ekewa n'ụdị ozugbo na ụdị mgbaze na-egbu oge n'elu.
Usoro ọrụ nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha bụ ndị a:
(1) Mgbe emecharacellulose etherN'ime ngwa agha ahụ na-agbaze na mmiri, a na-ahụta nkesa nkesa cimentious dị mma na nke otu n'ihi ọrụ elu, na cellulose ether, dị ka colloid na-echebe, "na-ekpuchi" ihe ndị siri ike na ihe nkiri lubricating na-etolite n'elu elu ya, nke na-eme ka usoro ngwa agha dịkwuo mma, ma na-eme ka mmiri dị nro na-edozi ahụ n'oge usoro nhazi nke ngwakọta.
(2) N'ihi usoro ihe omimi nke ya, ihe ngwọta cellulose ether na-eme ka mmiri dị na ngwa ngwa ghara ịdị mfe, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ hapụ ya ogologo oge, na-enye ngwa agha ahụ nke ọma na njide mmiri na ịrụ ọrụ.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-28-2024