HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) bụ polysaccharide polysaccharide nkịtị nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ọgwụ, nri, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Njirimara mgbasa ya bụ otu n'ime ebe dị ọkụ na nyocha na ngwa.
1. Molecular Ọdịdị na solubility e ji mara nke HPMC
HPMC bụ ngwakọta mmiri na-agbaze mmiri nke enwetara site na mgbanwe etherification nke cellulose. Ngalaba nhazi ya bụ β-D-glucose, nke ejikọtara site na njikọ 1,4-glycosidic. The isi yinye Ọdịdị nke HPMC ewepụtara si eke cellulose, ma akụkụ nke ya hydroxyl otu na-anọchi methoxy otu (-OCH₃) na hydroxypropyl otu (-CH₂CH (OH) CH₃), n'ihi ya, ọ na-egosipụta mgbasa omume dị iche na nke eke cellulose.
Ọdịdị molekụla nke HPMC nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na solubility ya. Ogo nke nnọchi (DS, Degree of Substitution) na molar nnọchi (MS, Molar Substitution) nke HPMC bụ ihe dị mkpa na-ekpebi njirimara solubility ya. N'ịdị elu nke nnọchi anya, ka hydroxyl dị iche iche na molecule na-anọchi anya hydrophobic methoxy ma ọ bụ hydroxypropyl otu, nke na-abawanye solubility nke HPMC na organic solvents na mbelata solubility na mmiri. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, mgbe ogo nke nnọchi dị ala, HPMC na-abawanye hydrophilic na mmiri yana ọnụego mgbasa ya na-adị ngwa ngwa.
2. Usoro mgbasa nke HPMC
Solubility nke HPMC n'ime mmiri bụ usoro anụ ahụ na kemịkal dị mgbagwoju anya, na usoro mgbasa ya gụnyere usoro ndị a:
Ogbo iwe mmiri: Mgbe HPMC batara na mmiri, ụmụ irighiri mmiri ga-ebu ụzọ mepụta ihe nkiri hydration n'elu HPMC iji kechie ụmụ irighiri ihe HPMC. N'ime usoro a, ụmụ irighiri mmiri na-emekọrịta ihe na hydroxyl na methoxy dị na molekul HPMC site na njikọ hydrogen, na-eme ka ụmụ irighiri mmiri HPMC jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ weta mmiri.
Ọzịza ọzịza: Site na ntinye nke mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri, ụmụ irighiri ihe HPMC na-amalite ịmịnye mmiri wee zaa, olu na-abawanye, agbụ molekụla jiri nwayọ tọpụ. A na-emetụta ike ọzịza nke HPMC site na ịdị arọ molekụla ya na ihe ndị nọchiri anya ya. Ka ibu molekụla ahụ buru ibu, ogologo oge ọzịza ahụ; na ike hydrophilicity nke ihe nnọchi anya, ka ogo nke ọzịza dị ukwuu.
Ogbo mgbasa: Mgbe ụmụ irighiri ihe HPMC na-amịkọrọ mmiri zuru oke, agbụ molekụla ahụ na-amalite ịpụpụ na irighiri ihe ahụ wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ gbasaa na ngwọta. Ọsọ nke usoro a na-emetụta ihe ndị dị ka okpomọkụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-akpali akpali na ihe mgbaze.
HPMC n'ozuzu na-egosi ezigbo solubility na mmiri, karịsịa na ụlọ okpomọkụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na mgbe okpomọkụ na-ebili n'otu ọkwa, HPMC ga-egosipụta ihe ngosi "thermal gel", ya bụ, solubility na-ebelata ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye. Nke a bụ n'ihi mmụba nke ụmụ irighiri mmiri mmiri na oke okpomọkụ yana mmekọrịta hydrophobic na-abawanye n'etiti ụmụ irighiri ihe HPMC, na-eduga na njikọ intermolecular na nguzobe nke usoro gel.
3. Ihe na-emetụta solubility nke HPMC
Solubility nke HPMC na-emetụta ọtụtụ ihe, gụnyere anụ ahụ na kemịkal ya na ọnọdụ mpụga. Isi ihe gụnyere:
Ọkwa nnọchi: Dị ka ekwuru n'elu, ụdị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nnọchi nke HPMC na-emetụta kpọmkwem solubility ya. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-anọchi anya ya, ìgwè hydrophilic dị ole na ole na molekul na-akawanye njọ na solubility. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, mgbe enwere ihe ndị ọzọ dị ntakịrị, a na-eme ka hydrophilicity nke HPMC dịkwuo mma na solubility dị mma.
Arọ molekụla: Arọ molekụla nke HPMC dabara na oge mgbasa ya. Ka ibu molekụla ahụ buru ibu, ka usoro mgbasa ahụ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na agbụ molekụla HPMC nwere nnukwu ibu molekụla dị ogologo ma ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ahụ na-ekekọta nke ọma, na-eme ka ọ na-esiri ụmụ irighiri mmiri ike ịbanye, na-ebute ọzịza na mgbaze nwayọ nwayọ.
Okpomọkụ ngwọta: Okpomọkụ bụ otu n'ime isi ihe na-emetụta solubility nke HPMC. HPMC na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na okpomọkụ dị ala, ebe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ dị elu ọ nwere ike ịmepụta jel ma belata ike ya. Ya mere, HPMC na-akwadokarị na mmiri dị ala iji zere gelation na okpomọkụ dị elu.
Ụdị mgbaze: HPMC abụghị nanị soluble na mmiri, kamakwa soluble na ụfọdụ organic solvents, dị ka ethanol, isopropyl mmanya, wdg Solubility na organic solvents dabere na ụdị na nkesa nke substituents. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, HPMC enweghị solubility na-adịghị mma na ihe mgbaze organic, na ọ dị mkpa ịgbakwunye mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị iji nyere aka mgbaze.
Uru pH: HPMC nwere ụfọdụ nnabata na pH uru nke ngwọta, ma n'okpuru oke acid na alkali ọnọdụ, solubility nke HPMC ga-emetụta. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, HPMC nwere ike ime ka mma na pH nke 3 ruo 11.
4. Ngwa nke HPMC dị iche iche ubi
Solubility nke HPMC na-eme ka ọ baa uru n'ọtụtụ mpaghara:
Ogige ọgwụ: A na-ejikarị HPMC eme ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi, ihe nrapado na ihe ntọhapụ maka mbadamba ọgwụ. Na mkpuchi ọgwụ, HPMC nwere ike ịmepụta ihe nkiri edo edo iji meziwanye nkwụsi ike nke ọgwụ ahụ; N'ime usoro mwepụta na-adịgide adịgide, HPMC na-achịkwa ọnụego ntọhapụ nke ọgwụ ahụ site na ịchịkwa ọnụego mgbasa ya, si otú ahụ nweta nnyefe ọgwụ na-adịte aka.
Ụlọ ọrụ nri: N'ime nri, a na-eji HPMC eme ihe dị ka thickener, emulsifier na stabilizer. N'ihi na HPMC nwere ezigbo solubility mmiri na nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ, ọ nwere ike inye udidi na uto kwesịrị ekwesị na nri dị iche iche. N'otu oge ahụ, ọdịdị na-abụghị ionic nke HPMC na-egbochi ya imeghachi omume na ihe oriri ndị ọzọ ma na-edobe nkwụsi ike anụ ahụ na kemịkal nke nri.
Ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị: A na-ejikarị HPMC eme ihe dị ka thickener na emulsifier na ngwaahịa dị ka ncha ntutu, ntụ oyi na ude ihu. Ọdịmma ya dị mma na mmiri na mmetụta na-eme ka ọ nwee ike ịnye ahụmịhe ojiji dị mma. Na mgbakwunye, HPMC nwere ike imekọrịta ihe ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ iji kwalite ọrụ ngwaahịa.
Ihe owuwu ụlọ: N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu, a na-eji HPMC eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na mmiri na-eji ciment ciment, adhesives tile and coatings. HPMC nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ihe ndị a nke ọma, gbatịa oge iji ha, ma melite nguzogide mgbape ha.
Dị ka a polymer ihe onwunwe na ezi solubility, HPMC si mgbasa omume na-emetụta ọtụtụ ihe, dị ka molekụla Ọdịdị, okpomọkụ, pH uru, wdg Na dị iche iche ngwa ubi, na solubility nke HPMC nwere ike kachasị site n'ịgbanwe ihe ndị a iji gboo mkpa dị iche iche. The solubility nke HPMC bụghị nanị na-ekpebi ya ịrụ ọrụ na aqueous ngwọta, ma ozugbo emetụta ya ọrụ na ọgwụ, nri, kwa ụbọchị chemical na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 14-2024