Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị akụrụngwa akụrụngwa, mana ihe mejupụtara ha nwere obere ọdịiche, ọkachasị shuga na enweghị shuga.
. Ngwa ngwa ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche nwere ọdịnaya dị iche iche nke mpaghara ọ bụla. Ihe ndị a na-ewebata n'ụzọ dị nkenke akụkụ atọ nke akụrụngwa akụrụngwa:
Cellulose ether, lignin na hemicellulose.
1.3 Ihe mejupụtara nke akụrụngwa akụrụngwa
1.3.1.1 Cellulose
Cellulose bụ polysaccharide macromolecular nke mejupụtara D-glucose nwere njikọ β-1,4 glycosidic. Ọ bụ nke kasị ochie na nke kasị ukwuu n'ụwa.
Polymer eke. Ọdịdị kemịkal ya na-anọchi anya ya bụ usoro nhazi Haworth na nhazi nhazi oche, ebe n bụ ogo nke polysaccharide polymerization.
Cellulose Carbohydrate Xylan
arabinoxylan
glucuronide xylan
glucuronide arabinoxylan
glucomannan
Galactoglucomannan
arabinogalactan
Starch, pectin na shuga ndị ọzọ soluble
ihe ndị na-abụghị carbohydrate
lignin
Wepụ Lipids, Lignols, Ngwakọta Nitrogenous, Ngwakọta Inorganic
Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose
Terpenes, resin acid, fatty acids, sterols, ogige aromatic, tannins
ihe ọkụkụ
1.4 Chemical Ọdịdị nke cellulose
1.3.1.2 Lignin
Akụkụ bụ isi nke lignin bụ phenylpropane, nke jikọtara ya na CC bond na ether bond.
ụdị polymer. N'ime usoro ihe ọkụkụ, oyi akwa intercellular nwere ọtụtụ lignin,
Ọdịnaya intracellular belatara, mana ọdịnaya lignin mụbara n'ime oyi akwa nke mgbidi nke abụọ. Dị ka ihe intercellular, lignin na hemifibrils
Ha jikọtara ọnụ na-ejupụta n'etiti ezigbo eriri nke mgbidi cell, si otú ahụ na-ewusi mgbidi cell nke anụ ahụ osisi ike.
1.5 Lignin monomers structural, n'usoro: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane na mmanya coniferyl.
1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose
N'adịghị ka lignin, hemicellulose bụ heteropolymer nke nwere ọtụtụ ụdị monosaccharides dị iche iche. Dị ka ndị a
Enwere ike kewaa ụdị shuga na ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị nke acyl n'ime glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid) -xylan,
Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, wdg na,
Pasent 50 nke anụ ahụ osisi bụ xylan, nke dị n'elu cellulose microfibrils ma jikọta ya na eriri.
Ha na-etolite netwọk nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-ejikọta nke ọma na ibe ha.
1.4 Ebumnuche nyocha, mkpa na isi ọdịnaya nke isiokwu a
1.4.1 Ebumnuche na mkpa nyocha ahụ
Ebumnuche nke nyocha a bụ ịhọrọ ụdị ndị nnọchianya atọ site na nyocha nke akụkụ nke ụfọdụ ihe ọkụkụ.
A na-ewepụta cellulose site na ihe ọkụkụ. Họrọ ihe na-eme ka etherifying kwesịrị ekwesị, ma jiri cellulose amịpụtara dochie owu a ga-emezi ma gbanwee iji dozie eriri.
Vitamin ether. A na-etinye cellulose ether nke a kwadebere na ebipụta ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mma, na n'ikpeazụ, a tụlere mmetụta obibi akwụkwọ iji chọpụta ihe ndị ọzọ.
Cellulose ethers maka reactive agba agba agba.
Nke mbụ, nyocha nke isiokwu a edoziwo nsogbu nke imegharị ihe na mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe ọkụkụ nke ihe ọkụkụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.
N'otu oge ahụ, a na-agbakwunye ụzọ ọhụrụ na isi iyi nke cellulose. Nke abuo, a na-eji sodium chloroacetate na 2-chloroethanol na-egbu egbu na-egbu egbu dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị nro.
Kama chloroacetic acid nke na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, a kwadebere cellulose ether ma tinye ya na akwa akwa akwa na-eme ka ọ dị mma na-ebi akwụkwọ, na sodium alginate.
Nchọpụta maka ndị nọchiri anya nwere ntụzịaka ụfọdụ, ma nwekwara nnukwu uru bara uru yana uru ntụaka.
Fiber Wall Lignin agbazere Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose
9
1.4.2 Nyocha ọdịnaya
1.4.2.1 Mwepụta nke cellulose site na ihe ọkụkụ
Nke mbụ, a na-atụle ma nyochaa ihe ndị mejupụtara ihe ọkụkụ, a na-ahọpụtakwa ihe ọkụkụ atọ na-anọchi anya iji wepụ eriri.
Vitamin. Mgbe ahụ, a na-eme ka usoro ịwepụta cellulose dịkwuo mma site na ọgwụgwọ zuru oke nke alkali na acid. N'ikpeazụ, UV
Eji spectroscopy absorption, FTIR na XRD mekọrịta ngwaahịa ndị ahụ.
1.4.2.2 Nkwadebe nke cellulose ethers
N'iji cellulose osisi pine dị ka akụrụngwa, a na-etinye ya na alkali gbadoro anya, wee jiri nnwale orthogonal na nnwale otu ihe,
Usoro nkwadebe nkeCMC, HECna HECMC bụ nke kachasị mma n'otu n'otu.
Ethers cellulose a kwadebere bụ FTIR, H-NMR na XRD.
1.4.2.3 Ngwa nke cellulose ether tapawa
A na-eji ụdị cellulose ethers atọ na sodium alginate mee ihe dị ka pastes mbụ, na ọnụego nhazi nke ntanye, ikike mmiri na ndakọrịta kemịkalụ nke pastes mbụ ka nwalere.
Ejikọtara ihe ndị bụ isi nke pastes mbụ anọ ahụ gbasara ihe onwunwe na nkwụsi ike nchekwa.
Iji ụdị cellulose ethers atọ na sodium alginate dị ka tapawa mbụ, hazie tapawa agba agba, na-ebi akwụkwọ agba agba, gafere tebụl ule.
Ntụle nke atọcellulose ethers na
Njirimara mbipụta nke sodium alginate.
1.4.3 Isi ihe ọhụrụ nke nyocha
(1) Ịgbanwe ihe mkpofu ka ọ bụrụ akụ, na-ewepụta cellulose dị ọcha site na mkpofu ihe ọkụkụ, nke na-agbakwụnye na isi iyi nke cellulose.
Ụzọ ọhụrụ, na n'otu oge ahụ, ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ọ na-edozi nsogbu nke iji ihe ọkụkụ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi; ma na-eme ka eriri ahụ dịkwuo mma
Usoro mmịpụta.
(2) Nyocha na ogo nke nnọchi nke cellulose etherifying agents, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka chloroacetic acid (nke na-egbu egbu), ethylene oxide (na-akpata).
Ọrịa cancer), wdg na-emerụ ahụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ime akwụkwọ a, a na-eji sodium chloroacetate na 2-chloroethanol eme ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka ihe na-eme ka etherification.
Kama chloroacetic acid na ethylene oxide, a na-akwadebe ethers cellulose. (3) The enwetara cellulose ether na-etinyere owu ákwà reactive agba obibi akwụkwọ, nke na-enye ụfọdụ ndabere maka nnyocha nke sodium alginate dochie.
rụtụ aka.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-25-2024