Mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na gbaa ụka nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)bụ ngwakọta polymer mmiri na-agbaze nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ahụike, ma nwee ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ ngwa, dị ka ntọhapụ a na-achịkwa ọgwụ, nhazi nri na ihe ụlọ. Mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na usoro ịgba ụka ya bụ nke metụtara mmebi na mgbanwe nke cellulose na ọrụ metabolic nke microorganisms. Iji ghọtakwuo mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke HPMC na usoro ịgba ụka, anyị kwesịrị ibu ụzọ ghọta usoro ya na mmebi nke cellulose.

1. The isi Ọdịdị na Njirimara nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

HPMC bụ ihe ewepụtara site na mgbanwe kemịkalụ nke cellulose eke (cellulose). Ọkpụkpụ azụ nke yinye molekụla ya bụ molekul glucose (C6H12O6) jikọtara ya na njikọ β-1,4 glycosidic. Cellulose n'onwe ya siri ike igbari na mmiri, ma site n'iwebata methyl (-OCH3) na hydroxypropyl (-C3H7OH) otu, mmiri ya solubility nwere ike ime nke ọma na-etolite a soluble polymer. The mgbanwe usoro nke HPMC n'ozuzu na-agụnye mmeghachi omume nke cellulose na methyl chloride (CH3Cl) na propylene mmanya (C3H6O) n'okpuru alkaline ọnọdụ, na n'ihi ngwaahịa nwere ike hydrophilicity na solubility.

2. Chemical mmeghachi omume n'oge gbaa ụka

Usoro gbaa ụka nke HPMC na-adaberekarị n'omume nke microorganisms, nke na-eji HPMC dịka isi iyi carbon na nri nri. Usoro gbaa ụka nke HPMC gụnyere isi usoro ndị a:

2.1. Mmebi nke HPMC

Cellulose n'onwe ya bụ nkeji glucose ejikọrọ, na HPMC ga-eweda ya site na microorganisms n'oge usoro ịgba ụka, na-ebu ụzọ ree ka ọ bụrụ obere sugars eji eme ihe (dị ka glucose, xylose, wdg). Usoro a na-agụnyekarị ọrụ nke ọtụtụ enzymes na-emebi cellulose. Mmeghachi omume mmebi iwu bụ isi gụnyere:

Mmeghachi omume cellulose hydrolysis: A ga-agbaji njikọ β-1,4 glycosidic dị na mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose site na cellulose hydrolases (dị ka cellulase, endocellulase), na-emepụta ụdọ shuga dị mkpụmkpụ (dị ka oligosaccharides, disaccharides, wdg). A ga-emeziwanye shuga ndị a ma jiri ya mee ihe site na microorganisms.

Hydrolysis na nbibi nke HPMC: A ga-ewepụ ihe mgbakwunye methyl na hydroxypropyl n'ime molikula HPMC site na hydrolysis. Aghọtabeghị usoro a kapịrị ọnụ nke mmeghachi omume hydrolysis nke ọma, mana enwere ike ịkọ nkọ na na gburugburu ebe ịgba ụka, mmeghachi omume hydrolysis na-eme ka enzymes nke microorganisms zoro ezo (dị ka hydroxyl esterase). Usoro a na-eduga na mgbaji nke agbụ molecular HPMC na mwepụ nke otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ, na-emecha na-akpụ mkpụrụ ndụ shuga dị nta.

2.2. Mmeghachi omume microbial metabolic

Ozugbo HPMC mebiri ka ọ bụrụ obere mkpụrụ ndụ shuga, microorganisms na-enwe ike ịtụgharị shuga ndị a ka ọ bụrụ ume site na mmeghachi omume enzymatic. Kpọmkwem, microorganisms na-emebi glucose n'ime ethanol, lactic acid ma ọ bụ metabolites ndị ọzọ site na ụzọ gbaa ụka. Ihe dị iche iche microorganisms nwere ike metabolize ngwaahịa mmebi HPMC site na ụzọ dị iche iche. Ụzọ metabolic nkịtị gụnyere:

Ụzọ Glycolysis: Glucose na-emebi pyruvate site na enzymes wee gbanwee n'ime ike (ATP) na metabolites (dị ka lactic acid, ethanol, wdg).

Ọgbọ ngwaahịa Fermentation: N'okpuru ọnọdụ anaerobic ma ọ bụ hypoxic, microorganisms na-agbanwe glucose ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa mmebi ya ka ọ bụrụ acid organic dị ka ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, wdg site na ụzọ gbaa ụka, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na usoro mmepụta ihe dị iche iche.

2.3. Mmeghachi omume redox

N'oge usoro gbaa ụka nke HPMC, ụfọdụ microorganisms nwere ike gbanwee ngwaahịa dị n'etiti site na mmeghachi omume redox. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro mmepụta nke ethanol na-esonyere mmeghachi omume redox, glucose oxidized na-emepụta pyruvate, mgbe ahụ, a na-atụgharị pyruvate n'ime ethanol site na mmeghachi omume mbelata. Mmeghachi omume ndị a dị mkpa maka ịnọgide na-enwe nguzozi metabolic nke sel.

3. Njikwa ihe na usoro ịgba ụka

N'oge usoro gbaa ụka nke HPMC, ihe gburugburu ebe obibi nwere mmetụta dị mkpa na mmeghachi omume kemịkal. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, pH, okpomọkụ, ikuku oxygen gbazere, ntinye ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ, wdg ga-emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ metabolic nke microorganisms na ụdị ngwaahịa. Karịsịa okpomọkụ na pH, ọrụ nke microbial enzymes nwere ike ịdị iche iche n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama n'okpuru dị iche iche okpomọkụ na pH ọnọdụ, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa iji n'ụzọ ziri ezi ịchịkwa gbaa ụka ọnọdụ iji hụ na mmebi nke HPMC na-eji ire ụtọ ọganihu nke metabolic usoro microorganisms.

Usoro gbaa ụka nkeHPMCna-agụnye mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dị mgbagwoju anya, gụnyere hydrolysis nke cellulose, mmebi nke HPMC, metabolism nke sugars, na ọgbọ nke ngwaahịa gbaa ụka. Ịghọta mmeghachi omume ndị a ọ bụghị nanị na-enyere aka ịkwalite usoro ịgba ụka nke HPMC, ma na-enyekwa nkwado usoro iwu maka mmepụta mmepụta ihe. Na omimi nke nnyocha, ọzọ oru oma na echekwa fermentation ụzọ nwere ike ịzụlite n'ọdịnihu iji melite mmebi arụmọrụ nke HPMC na mkpụrụ nke ngwaahịa, na-akwalite ngwa nke HPMC na biotransformation, gburugburu ebe obibi nchebe na ndị ọzọ ubi.