Ajụjụ ngwa ngwa gbasara cellulose ethers

Cellulose ethers bụ otu dị iche iche nke ogige kemịkalụ sitere na cellulose, nke bụ polymer organic kasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Ogige ndị a achọpụtala ojiji zuru ebe niile na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche n'ihi njirimara pụrụ iche na ngwa ngwa.

Ọdịdị na Njirimara nkeCellulose ethers
Cellulose, polysaccharide nke mejupụtara nkeji glucose ugboro ugboro jikọtara ya na β(1→4) glycosidic bonds, na-eje ozi dị ka akụkụ nhazi bụ isi na mgbidi cell nke osisi. A na-emepụta ethers cellulose site n'ịgbanwe ụdị hydroxyl (-OH) dị na molekul cellulose. Ụdị cellulose ethers ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), na ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC).

Ngbanwe nke otu hydroxyl na cellulose na otu ọrụ dị iche iche na-agbanwe njirimara nke ethers cellulose na-esi na ya pụta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwebata ndị otu methyl na-eme ka mmiri na-edozi mmiri na ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri, na-eme ka MC dabara maka ngwa na ọgwụ, ngwaahịa nri, na ihe owuwu. N'otu aka ahụ, ntinye nke hydroxyethyl ma ọ bụ hydroxypropyl dị iche iche na-eme ka njide mmiri dịkwuo mma, ike na-agbakọ, na nchikota, na-eme HEC na HPC ihe mgbakwunye bara uru na ngwaahịa nlekọta onwe onye, ​​agba, na adhesives. Carboxymethyl cellulose, nke emepụtara site na dochie otu hydroxyl na otu carboxymethyl, na-egosipụta njigide mmiri dị mma, nkwụsi ike na akụrụngwa na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ nri, ọgwụ, yana dị ka ihe mgbakwunye mmiri na-egwu mmiri na mpaghara mmanụ na gas.

Ogo nke nnọchi (DS), nke na-egosi nkezi ọnụọgụ nke otu hydroxyl nọchiri anya otu glucose n'ime cellulose, na-emetụta njirimara nke ethers cellulose. Ụkpụrụ DS dị elu na-ebutekarị mmụba solubility, viscosity, na nkwụsi ike, mana oke ngbanwe nwere ike imebi biodegradability na àgwà ndị ọzọ a na-achọsi ike nke cellulose ethers.

Njikọ nke cellulose ethers
Ngwakọta nke ethers cellulose gụnyere mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na-ewebata otu ndị nọchiri anya na ọkpụkpụ azụ cellulose. Otu n'ime ụzọ ndị a na-ahụkarị maka ịmepụta cellulose ethers bụ etherification nke cellulose site na iji reagents kwesịrị ekwesị n'okpuru ọnọdụ a na-achịkwa.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, njikọ nke methyl cellulose na-agụnye mmeghachi omume nke cellulose na alkali metal hydroxides iji mepụta cellulose alkali, na-esote ọgwụgwọ na methyl chloride ma ọ bụ dimethyl sulfate iji webata ìgwè methyl na agbụ cellulose. N'otu aka ahụ, hydroxypropyl cellulose na hydroxyethyl cellulose na-emepụta site na-emeghachi omume cellulose na propylene oxide ma ọ bụ ethylene oxide, n'otu n'otu, na ọnụnọ nke alkali catalysts.

A na-emepụta Carboxymethyl cellulose site na mmeghachi omume nke cellulose na sodium hydroxide na chloroacetic acid ma ọ bụ nnu sodium ya. Usoro carboxymethylation na-apụta site na nnọchi nucleophilic, ebe otu hydroxyl nke cellulose na-emeghachi omume na chloroacetic acid iji mepụta njikọ nke ether carboxymethyl.

Ngwakọta nke cellulose ethers chọrọ iji nlezianya na-achịkwa ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume, dị ka okpomọkụ, pH, na oge mmeghachi omume, iji nweta ogo achọrọ nke nnọchi na ngwaahịa ngwaahịa. Na mgbakwunye, a na-ejikarị usoro nchacha arụ ọrụ iji wepụ ngwaahịa na adịghị ọcha, na-ahụ na ịdịmma na nkwụsi ike nke ether cellulose.

Ngwa nke Cellulose Ethers
Cellulose ethers na-achọta ngwa zuru ebe niile n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche n'ihi ihe dị iche iche na ọrụ ha. Ụfọdụ ngwa igodo gụnyere:

Ụlọ ọrụ nri:Cellulose ethersdị ka carboxymethyl cellulose bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ sie ike, ihe nkwụsi ike, na emulsifiers na ngwaahịa nri dị ka sauces, mgbakwasa, na ice cream. Ha na-eme ka udidi, viscosity, na nkwụsi ike shelf ka ha na-eme ka ntọhapụ ọnụ na ekpomeekpo pụta ìhè.

Ọgwụ: Methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl cellulose na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ebe n'usoro ọgwụ dị ka ihe nchikota, ndị na-ekesa, na ndị na-ewepụta ihe na-achịkwa na mbadamba nkume, capsules, na usoro nhazi. Ethers cellulose ndị a na-eme ka nnyefe ọgwụ dịkwuo mma, ịdị ndụ ndụ, yana nnabata ndị ọrịa.

Ihe eji arụ ọrụ: A na-eji methyl cellulose na hydroxyethyl cellulose eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu dị ka ihe mgbakwunye na ụrọ ndị dabeere na ciment, plasta, na adhesives tile iji kwalite ọrụ, njide mmiri, na ihe nrapado. Ha na-eme ka njikọta ọnụ dịkwuo mma, na-ebelata mgbawa, na ịkwalite arụmọrụ nke ihe owuwu.

Ngwaahịa nlekọta onwe onye: Hydroxyethyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl cellulose bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ngwaahịa nlekọta onwe onye dị ka shampoos, lotions, na creams ruru t

o ha ndim, stabilizing, na ihe nkiri-akpụ Njirimara. Ha na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke ngwaahịa, ọdịdị, na mmetụta anụ ahụ dịkwuo mma ka ha na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nhazi.

Agba na mkpuchi: Cellulose ethers na-eje ozi dị ka rheology modifiers, thickeners, na stabilizers na agba, mkpuchi, na adhesives, na-emezi ngwa ngwa, omume na-asọpụta, na mmepụta ihe nkiri. Ha na-eme ka njikwa viscosity dị elu, nguzogide sag, na nkwụsi ike agba n'ụdị usoro mmiri.

Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas: A na-eji Carboxymethyl cellulose dị ka ihe ngbanwe viscosity na onye na-ahụ maka nkwụsị mmiri na-egwupụta mmiri maka nchọpụta mmanụ na gas. Ọ na-eme ka rheology mmiri dịkwuo mma, ihicha oghere, na nkwụsi ike nke ọma mgbe ọ na-egbochi mmebi nguzobe.

Industrylọ ọrụ akwa akwa: A na-eji ethers cellulose arụ ọrụ na mbipụta akwa, ịcha akwa na usoro imecha iji kwalite nkọwa mbipụta, mkpụrụ agba, na ịdị nro akwa. Ha na-akwalite mgbasa nke pigmenti, nrapanye na eriri, na-asakwa ngwa ngwa na ngwa akwa.

Cellulose ethersna-anọchite anya otu dị iche iche nke ogige kemịkalụ sitere na cellulose, na-enye ọtụtụ ihe onwunwe na ọrụ maka ngwa ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị iche iche. Site na mgbanwe kemịkalụ a na-achịkwa nke ọkpụkpụ azụ cellulose, cellulose ethers na-egosipụta àgwà ndị a na-achọsi ike dị ka mmiri solubility, njikwa viscosity, na nkwụsi ike, na-eme ka ha bụrụ ihe mgbakwunye bara uru na ụlọ ọrụ sitere na nri na ọgwụ na-ewu na textiles. Ka ọchịchọ maka ihe na-adigide na gburugburu ebe obibi na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto, cellulose ethers dị njikere ịrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'igbo mkpa na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ụlọ ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ ma na-ebelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi.