Kev Taw Qhia
Kev tsim kho niaj hnub nim no tau hloov mus deb tshaj qhov sib xyaw xuab zeb-cement ib txwm muaj. Cov txheej txheem mortar qhuav niaj hnub no yog cov qauv tsim kho siab heev uas tsim los ua kom tau raws li cov kev cai nruj xws li lub zog lo rau siab, tiv taus kev tawg, ua haujlwm tau yooj yim, khaws dej tau zoo, ruaj khov, thiab tiv taus ib puag ncig.
Yuav kom ua tiav cov yam ntxwv no, cov tshuaj ntxiv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias lawv siv me me xwb los, cov tshuaj ntxiv txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem mortar ntau dua li lwm yam khoom tshwj tsis yog cement.
Tsab xov xwm no tshawb nrhiav txogtsib yam khoom tseem ceeb rau cov mortar, lawv cov haujlwm, cov txheej txheem, thiab vim li cas lawv thiaj li tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv niaj hnub no.
1. Cellulose Ether (HPMC / MHEC / HEC)
Cov cellulose ethers yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no. Cov hom siv feem ntau suav nrog:
- Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC)
- MethylHydroxyethylCellulose (MHEC)
- Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
Cov Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb
Kev Khaws Dej
Cov cellulose ethers tiv thaiv kev poob dej sai rau cov khoom siv uas muaj qhov ntxeem tau, ua kom muaj dej noo zoo rau cov cement.
Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm
Lawv txhim kho qhov du, kev nthuav dav, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev troweling.
Lub Sijhawm Qhib Ntxiv
Lawv ncua qhov chaw qhuav, ua rau muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua rau kev teeb tsa.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Tiv Thaiv Kev Qaug Zog
Lawv ua rau kom viscosity nce thiab tiv thaiv kev plam ntawm cov chaw ntsug.
Vim Li Cas Nws Thiaj Tseem Ceeb
Tsis muaj cellulose ether:
- Cov av nplaum poob dej sai dhau
- Kev nplaum tsis zoo tshwm sim
- Kev tawg nce ntxiv
Cellulose ether yog suav tias yogqhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov khoom siv ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw qhuav.
2. Hmoov Polymer uas yaj tau dua (RDP)
Hmoov Polymer uas yaj tau dua tshiabyog ib qho khoom siv polymer-modified uas txhim kho kev ywj pheej thiab kev nplaum.
Cov hom uas feem ntau muaj xws li:
- VAE (Vinyl Acetate Ethylene)
- Cov tshuaj acrylic copolymer
- Cov polymers styrene-acrylic
Cov Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb
Kev Txhim Kho Kev Sib Txuas
RDP tsim cov zaj duab xis polymer uas yooj ywm uas ua kom muaj zog ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm mortar thiab substrate.
Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ywj Pheej
Nws txo qhov brittleness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cement.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tawg
Nws pab nqus kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab kev txav mus los ntawm cov qauv.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Dej
Nws txo cov permeability thiab txhim kho kev ruaj khov.
Vim Li Cas Nws Thiaj Tseem Ceeb
RDP hloov cov txheej txheem cement khov kho mus rau hauvcov mortars uas yoog tau yooj yim thiab ua tau zoo heevtsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov niaj hnub xws li:
- Cov nplaum rau pobzeb
- Cov txheej txheem EIFS
- Kho cov tshuaj khib
3. Cov Tshuaj Superplasticizers (PCE - Polycarboxylate Ether)
Cov tshuaj Superplasticizers yog cov tshuaj txo dej siab uas siv dav hauv cov tshuab cement niaj hnub.
Cov Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb
Kev Txo Dej
Lawv txo qhov xav tau dej thaum tseem tswj tau qhov ua haujlwm tau.
Kev Txhim Kho Lub Zog
Cov dej tsawg dua ua rau muaj zog compressive ntau dua.
Kev Txhim Kho Kev Nqus Dej
Lawv txhim kho qhov fluidity hauv cov tshuaj sib xyaw thiab cov grouts uas tus kheej leveling.
Vim Li Cas Nws Thiaj Tseem Ceeb
Cov Superplasticizers ua rau:
- Cov tshuaj mortar muaj zog heev
- Cov txheej txheem tswj tus kheej
- Cov ntawv thov ua vaj tse pumpable
Lawv tseem ceeb heev raucov tshuab ua haujlwm siab, tsis muaj dej ntau.
4. Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Rau Kev Nkag Mus Rau Hauv Paus
Cov neeg sawv cev uas ua rau huab cua nkag mus rau hauv cov av nplaum ua rau cov npuas me me uas tswj tau zoo.
Cov Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb
Kev Tiv Thaiv Khov-Thawj
Cov qhov cua nqus cov cua nthuav dav los ntawm cov dej khov.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Dua
Lawv ua rau cov mortar yooj yim dua rau kev siv thiab nthuav.
Txo Qhov Ceev
Qhov ceev qis dua txhim kho kev rwb thaiv tsev thermal.
Vim Li Cas Nws Thiaj Tseem Ceeb
Hauv cov huab cua txias, cov neeg sawv cev rau huab cua yog qhov tseem ceeb rau:
- Cov plaster sab nraud
- Cov tshuaj nplaum kho txoj kev
- Kev tsim kho thaum huab cua txias
Lawv zoo dua qubkev ua haujlwm ntev nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig hnyav.
5. Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv thiab Cov Khoom Tswj Xyuas Kev Teeb Tsa
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus tswj cov dej noo ntawm cov cement.
Cov hom uas feem ntau muaj xws li:
- Kua qaub citric
- Tartaric acid
- Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke nrog phosphate
Cov Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb
Teem Sijhawm Tswj
Lawv ncua lub sijhawm teeb tsa thawj zaug thiab zaum kawg.
Kev Txuas Ntxiv Mus Ua Haujlwm
Lawv tso cai rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev dua rau cov chaw tsim kho loj.
Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Kom Tawv Nqaij Ua Ntej
Qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov huab cua sov.
Vim Li Cas Nws Thiaj Tseem Ceeb
Tsis muaj kev teeb tsa kev tswj hwm:
- Cov av nplaum yuav tawv sai dhau
- Qhov zoo ntawm daim ntawv thov txo qis
- Cov khib nyiab nce ntxiv
Cov tshuaj retarders yog qhov tseem ceeb raukev tswj qhov kub thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tsim kho.
Cov teebmeem synergistic ntawm cov khoom ntxiv
Hauv cov txheej txheem mortar niaj hnub no, cov khoom ntxiv tsis ua haujlwm ywj pheej.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lawv kuj sib tham txog tej yam no:
- Cellulose ether → dej khaws cia + ua haujlwm tau
- RDP → kev ywj pheej + kev nplaum
- PCE → ntws + lub zog
- Cov cua nkag → kev ruaj khov
- Cov khoom ncua sijhawm → kev tswj lub sijhawm
Ua ke lawv tsim ib qholub cev mortar ua haujlwm zoo sib npaug.
Cov Cheeb Tsam Siv Rau Cov Mortar Hloov Kho
Cov mortars niaj hnub no siv rau hauv:
- Cov nplaum rau pobzeb (C1, C2 systems)
- Cov nplaum rau phab ntsa thiab cov nplaum skim
- Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke
- EIFS cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev
- Kho cov tshuaj khib
- Cov plasters ua los ntawm gypsum
Txhua daim ntawv thov yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom ntxiv.
Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Lag Luam
Txawm hais tias cov khoom ntxiv yog ib feem me me ntawm tag nrho cov nqi tsim khoom, lawv muab:
- Txo qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm kev tsim kho
- Cov nqi kho qis dua
- Kev ua haujlwm zoo dua ntawm kev teeb tsa
- Txhim kho lub neej ntawm lub tsev
Lawv yog ib tug ntawm covCov khoom ROI siab tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim kho tshuaj.
Cov Qauv Ib puag ncig
Cov khoom siv niaj hnub no tau nce ntxiv:
- Cov khoom siv bio-based (cellulose derivatives)
- VOC tsawg
- Siv hluav taws xob tsawg hauv kev tsim khoom
Kev ruaj khov yog qhov tseem ceeb uas tsav tsheb hauv kev tsim kho tshiab.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov mortar niaj hnub no nyob ntawm ntau yam tshuaj ntxiv. Tsib yam tseem ceeb ntxiv—cellulose ethers,RDP, cov tshuaj superplasticizers, cov neeg sawv cev rau huab cua, thiab cov tshuaj tswj kev teeb tsa—ua haujlwm ua ke los hloov cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho zoo.
Kev nkag siab txog cov tshuaj ntxiv no ua rau cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov neeg cog lus tsim cov mortars uas ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim kho niaj hnub: muaj zog dua, yoog tau dua, ruaj khov dua, thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua.
Raws li cov qauv kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv mus, cov thev naus laus zis ntxiv yuav tseem yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov txheej txheem mortar.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Rau Hli-27-2026