1. Ka wehewehe a me ka hana o ka mānoanoa
ʻO nā mea hoʻohui e hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ka viscosity o nā pena wai i kapa ʻia ʻo thickeners.
He mea koʻikoʻi nā mānoanoa i ka hana ʻana, mālama ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā uhi.
ʻO ka hana nui o ka mānoanoa e hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka uhi e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā pae like ʻole o ka hoʻohana. Eia naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka viscosity i koi ʻia e ka uhi ʻana i nā pae like ʻole. E laʻa:
I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, makemake ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe e pale ai i ka puaʻa mai ka noho ʻana;
I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, makemake ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka viscosity maʻalahi e hōʻoia i ka palaki maikaʻi ʻana o ka pena me ka ʻole o ka nui o ka pena pena;
Ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana, manaʻolana ʻia e hoʻi koke ka viscosity i kahi viscosity kiʻekiʻe ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole (kaʻina pae pae) e pale ai i ka sagging.
ʻAʻole Newtonian ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā uhi wai.
Ke emi ka viscosity o ka pena me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika shear, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he wai pseudoplastic, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka pena he wai pseudoplastic.
Ke pili ka hana kahe o ka wai pseudoplastic i kona mōʻaukala, ʻo ia hoʻi, pili i ka manawa, kapa ʻia ʻo ia he wai thixotropic.
I ka hana ʻana i nā uhi, hoʻāʻo pinepine mākou e hana i nā uhi thixotropic, e like me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui.
Ke kūpono ka thixotropy o ka uhi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono i nā kū'ē o nā pae like ʻole o ka uhi, a hoʻokō i nā pono ʻenehana o ka viscosity ʻokoʻa o ka uhi ʻana i ka waiho ʻana, ka pae kūkulu ʻana, a me nā pae maloʻo.
Hiki i kekahi poʻe mānoanoa ke hāʻawi i ka pena me ka thixotropy kiʻekiʻe, i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity i ka hoʻomaha ʻana a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi ʻoki liʻiliʻi (e like me ka waiho ʻana a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana), i mea e pale ai ka puaʻa i loko o ka pena mai ka noho ʻana. A ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe shear rate (e like me ke kaʻina hana uhi), he haʻahaʻa viscosity, no laila ua lawa ka kahe a me ka pae ʻana o ka uhi.
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Thixotropy e ka thixotropic index TI a ana ʻia e Brookfield viscometer.
TI=viscosity (ana ma 6r/min)/viscosity (ana ma 60r/min)
2. Nā ʻano o nā mānoanoa a me nā hopena i ka waiwai o ka uhi
(1) Nā ʻano Ma ke ʻano o ka haku mele ʻana, ua māhele ʻia nā mānoanoa i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: organik a me ka inorganic.
ʻO nā ʻano inorganic ka bentonite, attapulgite, alumini magnesium silicate, lithium magnesium silicate, etc., nā ʻano organik e like me methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, acrylic acid or methyl Acrylic homopolymer or copolymer and polyurethane etc.
Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mana i nā waiwai rheological o nā uhi, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mānoanoa i nā mānoanoa thixotropic a me nā mānoanoa hui. Ma keʻano o nā koi hana, pono e emi ka nui o ka mānoanoa a maikaʻi ka hopena mānoanoa; ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia e nā enzyme; ke hoʻololi ka mahana a i ʻole ka pH waiwai o ka ʻōnaehana, ʻaʻole e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka viscosity o ka uhi ʻana, a ʻaʻole e hoʻopili ʻia ka puaʻa a me ka mea hoʻopihapiha. ; Paʻa mālama maikaʻi; ka mālama ʻana i ka wai maikaʻi, ʻaʻohe ʻano huʻihuʻi a ʻaʻohe hopena ʻino i ka hana o ke kiʻi uhi.
①Ka mānoanoa cellulose
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka cellulose i hoʻohana ʻia i ka uhi ʻana, ʻo ia ka methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose a me ka hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, a ʻo nā mea ʻelua i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia.
ʻO ka Hydroxyethyl cellulose kahi huahana i loaʻa ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pūʻulu hydroxyl ma nā ʻāpana glucose o ka cellulose kūlohelohe me nā hui hydroxyethyl. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kikoʻī a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā huahana e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi a me ka viscosity.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano o ka hydroxyethyl cellulose i ke ʻano dissolution maʻamau, ʻano hoʻopuehu wikiwiki a me ke ʻano kūpaʻa biological. E pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka hydroxyethyl cellulose i nā pae like ʻole i ke kaʻina hana uhi. Hiki ke hoʻopili pololeiʻia keʻano hoʻolaha wikiwiki i keʻano o ka pauka maloʻo. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka pH waiwai o ka ʻōnaehana ma mua o ka hoʻohui ʻana e emi iho ma mua o 7, ʻo ka mea nui no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hydroxyethyl cellulose i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa pH waiwai, a aia ka manawa kūpono no ka wai e infiltrate i loko o nā ʻāpana, a laila hoʻonui ʻia ka waiwai pH e hoʻoheheʻe koke ia. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻanuʻu kūpono no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kahi ʻano o ka hoʻonā glue a hoʻohui ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana uhi.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulosehe huahana i loaʻa ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pūʻulu hydroxyl ma ka ʻāpana glucose o ka cellulose maoli me kahi pūʻulu methoxy, aʻo ka ʻāpana ʻē aʻe e pani ʻia e kahi hui hydroxypropyl. ʻO kona hopena mānoanoa like me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose. A he kū'ē i ka enzymatic degradation, akā, ʻaʻole maikaʻi kona hoʻoheheʻe wai e like me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose, a loaʻa iā ia ka hemahema o ka gelling i ka wā wela. No ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i mālama ʻia ma luna, hiki ke hoʻohui pololei ʻia i ka wai ke hoʻohana ʻia. Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, e hoʻohui i nā mea alkaline e like me ka wai amonia e hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai pH i 8-9, a hoʻoulu a hiki i ka pau ʻana. No ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻohu ʻia me ka wai wela ma luna o 85 ° C ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, a laila hoʻomaha ʻia i ka lumi wela, a laila hoʻoulu ʻia me ka wai anuanu a i ʻole ka wai hau e hoʻopau loa.
②Ka mānoanoa anorganic
ʻO kēia ʻano mānoanoa ka mea nui o nā huahana pālolo i hoʻāla ʻia, e like me ka bentonite, magnesium aluminika silicate pālolo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o ka maloʻoʻana o ka uhi a hoʻokumuʻia i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hanaʻo ia ma keʻano he mea hoʻopihapiha i ke kiʻi paʻi, a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
③ Mānoanoa polymer synthetic
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mānoanoa polymer synthetic i ka acrylic a me ka polyurethane (nā mānoanoa hui). ʻO nā mānoanoa Acrylic ka hapa nui o nā polymers acrylic i loaʻa nā hui carboxyl. I loko o ka wai me ka pH waiwai o 8-10, ka hui carboxyl dissociates a lilo i pehu; ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pH ma mua o 10, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a nalowale ka hopena mānoanoa, no laila ua paʻakikī loa ka hopena mānoanoa i ka waiwai pH.
ʻO ke ʻano mānoanoa o ka mānoanoa acrylate ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kona mau ʻāpana ma ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana latex i loko o ka pena, a hana i kahi papa uhi ma hope o ka pehu ʻana o ka alkali, e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o nā ʻāpana latex, e pale i ka neʻe Brownian o nā ʻāpana, a hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka ʻōnaehana pena. ; ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka pehu o ka mānoanoa e hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka pae wai.
(2) Ka hopena o ka mānoanoa ma luna o nā waiwai uhi
ʻO ka hopena o ke ʻano o ka mānoanoa i nā waiwai rheological o ka uhi ʻana penei:
Ke piʻi aʻe ka nui o ka mānoanoa, piʻi nui ka viscosity static o ka pena, a ʻo ke ʻano hoʻololi o ka viscosity e kūpaʻa mau i ka wā i hoʻokau ʻia i ka ikaika shear waho.
Me ka hopena o ka mānoanoa, hāʻule koke ka viscosity o ka pena i ka wā i hoʻokau ʻia i ka ikaika shear, e hōʻike ana i ka pseudoplasticity.
Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi mānoanoa cellulose i hoʻololi ʻia i ka hydrophobically (e like me EBS451FQ), i ka nui o ka shear rates, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity ke nui ka nui.
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mānoanoa polyurethane hui (e like me WT105A), i ka nui o ka shear rate, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity ke nui ka nui.
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mānoanoa acrylic (e like me ASE60), ʻoiai ke piʻi wikiwiki nei ka static viscosity i ka nui o ka nui, e emi koke ka viscosity ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka shear rate.
3. Mea mānoanoa hui
(1) mīkini mānoanoa
ʻO ka cellulose ether a me ka alkali-swellable acrylic thickeners hiki ke mānoanoa i ka pae wai, akā ʻaʻohe hopena mānoanoa i nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka pena wai, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā puaʻa i ka pena a me nā ʻāpana o ka emulsion, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka rheology o ka pena.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mānoanoa hui ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka mānoanoa ma o ka hydration, ua mānoanoa hoʻi lākou ma o nā hui ma waena o lākou iho, me nā mea i hoʻopuehu ʻia, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana. Hoʻokaʻawale kēia hui i ka nui o ka shear rates a hui hou i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e hiki ai ke hoʻololi i ka rheology o ka uhi.
ʻO ke ʻano mānoanoa o ka mānoanoa hui, ʻo kāna mole he kaulahao hydrophilic linear, he hui polymer me nā pūʻulu lipophilic ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, ʻo ia hoʻi, he mau pūʻulu hydrophilic a me hydrophobic i loko o ka hale, no laila aia nā ʻano o nā molekala surfactant. ʻano ʻano. ʻAʻole hiki i ia mau molekala mānoanoa ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe a pehu e hoʻomāmā i ka pae wai, akā hana pū kekahi i nā micelles i ka wā i ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna ʻano wai i kahi waiwai. Hiki i nā micelles ke hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana polymer o ka emulsion a me nā ʻāpana puaʻa i adsorbed i ka dispersant e hana i kahi ʻano pūnaewele ʻekolu-dimensional, a ua hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia e hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka ʻōnaehana.
ʻO ka mea nui aʻe, aia kēia mau hui i ke ʻano kaulike, a hiki i kēlā mau micelles pili ke hoʻoponopono i ko lākou mau kūlana ke hoʻokau ʻia i nā mana o waho, i loaʻa i ka uhi nā waiwai pae. Eia kekahi, no ka mea he nui nā micelles o ka mole, ua hoʻemi kēia ʻano i ka manaʻo o nā molekala wai e neʻe a pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka viscosity o ka pae wai.
(2) ʻO ke kuleana i nā uhi
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mānoanoa hui ʻia he polyurethanes, a ʻo ko lākou mau paona molekala pili ma waena o 103-104 kauoha o ka nui, ʻelua mau kauoha o ka nui ma lalo o ka polyacrylic acid maʻamau a me ka mānoanoa cellulose me nā paona molekala pili ma waena o 105-106. Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa molekala, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka piʻi ʻana o ka leo ma hope o ka hydration, no laila ʻoi aku ka palahalaha o kona pihi viscosity ma mua o nā mānoanoa non-associative.
Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa molecular kaumaha o ka hui mānoanoa, kona intermolecular entanglement i loko o ka wai i kaupalena 'ia, no laila, 'aʻole nui kona mānoanoa o ka wai. I ka haʻahaʻa shear rate range, ka hui hoʻololi ʻana ma waena o nā molekala ʻoi aku ma mua o ka luku hui ʻana ma waena o nā molekala, mālama ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa i kahi ʻano hoʻokuʻu a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, a kokoke ka viscosity i ka viscosity o ka dispersion medium (wai). No laila, ʻo ka mānoanoa hui e hōʻike i ka ʻōnaehana pena i ka wai e hōʻike i ka viscosity ʻike haʻahaʻa i ka wā i loko o ka ʻāpana shear rate haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻonui ka mānoanoa hui i ka ikehu ma waena o nā molekele ma muli o ka hui ʻana ma waena o nā ʻāpana i loko o ka māhele hoʻopuehu. Ma kēia ala, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu e uhaki ai i ka hui ma waena o nā molekala i ka nui o ka ʻāʻili ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika ʻako e pono ai e hoʻokō i ka ʻāʻī ʻāwili like, no laila e hōʻike ka ʻōnaehana i kahi kiʻekiʻe ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāʻili ʻana. ʻIke ʻia ka viscosity. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe-shear viscosity a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hiki ke hana wale i ka nele o nā mānoanoa maʻamau i nā waiwai rheological o ka pena, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mānoanoa ʻelua e hoʻoponopono i ka wai o ka pena latex. ʻO ka hana ʻokoʻa, e hoʻokō i nā koi piha o ka uhi ʻana i loko o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni mānoanoa a me ke kahe kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-28-2024