Nā nīnau a me nā pane ʻenehana noi Gypsum

He aha ke kuleana o ka mea mālama wai i hui pū ʻia me ka mea pauka gypsum?
Pane: hoʻohana ʻia ka gypsum plastering, ka gypsum i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka gypsum caulking, ka gypsum putty a me nā mea hana pauka ʻē aʻe. I mea e maʻalahi ai ke kūkulu ʻana, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā gypsum retarders i ka wā o ka hana ʻana e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa hana o ka gypsum slurry. Hoʻohui ʻia kahi retarder e kāohi i ke kaʻina hydration o ka hemihydrate gypsum. Pono e mālama ʻia kēia ʻano slurry gypsum ma ka paia no 1 a 2 mau hola ma mua o ka condensed, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā paia he mau waiwai absorption wai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā paia pōhaku, a me nā pā Air-concrete, porous insulation boards a me nā mea ʻē aʻe māmā-kaumaha hou o ka pā, no laila e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka gypsum slurry i ka wai i loko o ka wai i ka hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka pā. ka nele i ka wā e paʻakikī ai ka gypsum slurry a lawa ʻole ka hydration. Hoʻopau loa, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hū ʻana o ka hui ma waena o ka plaster a me ka ʻili o ka paia. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mea hoʻopaʻa wai e mālama i ka wai i loko o ka gypsum slurry, e hōʻoia i ka hopena hydration o ka slurry gypsum ma ka interface, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka ikaika paʻa. ʻO nā mea mālama wai maʻamau he cellulose ethers, e like me: methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC), etc. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, modified starch, diatomaceous earth, rare earth powder, etc.

ʻAʻohe ʻano o ka mea hoʻopaʻa wai e hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka hydration rate o ka gypsum i nā degere like ʻole, ke hoʻololi ʻole ka nui o ka retarder, hiki i ka mea hoʻopaʻa wai ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka hoʻonohonoho no 15-30 mau minuke. No laila, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka retarder.

He aha ke ʻano kūpono o ka mea hoʻopaʻa wai i loko o nā mea pauka gypsum?
Pane: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa wai i nā mea hana pauka e like me ka plastering gypsum, gypsum paʻa, gypsum caulking, a me ka gypsum putty. No ka mea ua hui pū ʻia kēia ʻano gypsum me kahi retarder, ka mea e pale ai i ke kaʻina hydration o ka hemihydrate gypsum, pono ia e hoʻokō i ka mālama mālama wai ma ka slurry gypsum e pale ai i kahi ʻāpana o ka wai i loko o ka slurry mai ka neʻe ʻana i ka pā, ka hopena i ka nele o ka wai a me ka hydration incomplete i ka wā i hoʻomāliʻi ʻia ka gypsum. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mea hoʻopaʻa wai e mālama i ka wai i loko o ka gypsum slurry, e hōʻoia i ka hopena hydration o ka slurry gypsum ma ka interface, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka ikaika paʻa.

He 0.1% a hiki i ka 0.2% (heluhelu no ka gypsum), ke hoʻohana ʻia ka gypsum slurry ma nā paia me ka wai ikaika o ka wai (e like me ka aerated concrete, perlite insulation boards, gypsum blocks, brick walls, etc.) Pono ka ʻoihana e ʻoi aku ka nui (maʻamau 0.2% a 0.5%).

ʻO nā mea mālama wai e like me ka methyl cellulose (MC) a me ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ke anuanu, akā e hana lākou i nā puʻupuʻu i ka wā mua ke hoʻoheheʻe pololei ʻia i ka wai. Pono e hui mua ʻia ka mea mālama wai me ka pauka gypsum e hoʻopuehu. E hoʻomākaukau i ka pauka maloʻo; e hoʻohui i ka wai a hoʻoulu, e kū no 5 mau minuke, e hoʻoulu hou,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā huahana cellulose ether i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe pololei ʻia i ka wai, akā he liʻiliʻi ko lākou hopena i ka hana ʻana i ka mortar pauka maloʻo.

Pehea e pāʻani ai ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai i kahi hana wai i loko o ke kino paʻakikī gypsum?
Pane: Hoʻohana nā ʻano mea hoʻoheheʻe wai i kā lākou hana wai i loko o ke kino paʻakikī gypsum e like me nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i nā ʻano ʻehā:

(1) E ho'ēmi i ka solubility o ka gypsum paʻakikī kino, e hoʻonui i ka softening coefficient, a me ka hapa hoohuli i ka calcium sulfate dihydrate me ke kiʻekiʻe solubility i loko o ka paʻakai calcium me ka haʻahaʻa solubility. No ka laʻana, hoʻohui ʻia ka saponified synthetic fatty acid me C7-C9, a hoʻohui ʻia ka nui kūpono o ka lime wikiwiki a me ka ammonium borate i ka manawa like.

(2) E hana i kahi papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni wai e ālai i nā pores capillary maikaʻi i loko o ke kino paʻakikī. No ka laʻana, ka hui ʻana i ka emulsion paraffin, emulsion asphalt, emulsion rosin a me ka emulsion composite paraffin-rosin, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka emulsion composite asphalt, etc.

(3) E hoʻololi i ka ikehu o ka ʻili o ke kino paʻakikī, i hui pū ʻia nā molekala wai a ʻaʻole hiki ke komo i loko o nā kahawai capillary. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano mea hoʻoheheʻe wai silicone, me nā ʻaila silicone emulsified.

(4) Ma o ka uhi ʻana i waho a i ʻole ka ʻū ʻana e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai mai ka hoʻoinu ʻana i nā kahawai capillary o ke kino paʻakikī, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano mea hana wai wai silicone. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā silicones i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka wai, akā ua hōʻole ka mea mua i ke kinoea permeability o ke kino paʻakikī gypsum.

ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano wai wai ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wai ʻole o nā mea kūkulu hale gypsum ma nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻo ka gypsum he mea hoʻopaʻa paʻakikī i ka ea, ʻaʻole kūpono i waho a i ʻole ka wā lōʻihi humid kaiapuni, a kūpono wale no nā kaiapuni me nā kūlana maloʻo a me nā kūlana maloʻo.

He aha ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka gypsum e ka mea hana wai?
Pane: ʻElua mau ala nui o ka hana ʻana o ka gypsum waterproofing agent: ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka coefficient palupalu ma ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka solubility, a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻemi i ka nui o ka absorption wai o nā mea gypsum. A hiki ke hana ʻia ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka wai mai nā ʻano ʻelua. ʻO kekahi e hoʻonui i ka paʻa o ka gypsum paʻakikī, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hōʻemi i ka lawe ʻana o ka wai o ka gypsum ma ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka porosity a me nā māwae hana, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūpaʻa wai o ka gypsum. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui i ka ikehu ʻili o ke kino paʻakikī o ka gypsum, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hōʻemi i ka absorption wai o ka gypsum ma ka hana ʻana i ka pore surface i kahi kiʻi hydrophobic.

ʻO nā mea pale wai e hōʻemi i ka porosity e pāʻani i ka hana ma ke kāohi ʻana i nā pores maikaʻi o ka gypsum a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka compactness o ke kino gypsum. Nui nā mea hoʻohui no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka porosity, e like me: paraffin emulsion, asphalt emulsion, rosin emulsion a me paraffin asphalt composite emulsion. He mea maikaʻi kēia mau mea wai wai i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka porosity o ka gypsum ma lalo o nā ʻano hoʻonohonoho kūpono, akā i ka manawa like, loaʻa iā lākou nā hopena ʻino i nā huahana gypsum.

ʻO ka mea pale wai maʻamau e hoʻololi i ka ikehu o ka ʻili he silicone. Hiki iā ia ke infiltrate i ke awa o kēlā me kēia pore, hoʻololi i ka ikehu o ka ʻili i loko o kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi, a pēlā e hoʻololi ai i ke kihi pili me ka wai, e hoʻohui pū i nā molekele wai e hana i nā droplets, e ālai i ka infiltration o ka wai, e hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka waterproofing, a ma ka manawa like e mālama i ka Air permeability o ka plaster. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia ʻano mea hoʻoheheʻe wai ʻo ia ka: sodium methyl siliconate, silicone resin, emulsified silicone oil, etc. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono kēia mea wai wai e pono ʻole ka nui o ke anawaena o nā pores, a i ka manawa like ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke pale aku i ka infiltration o ka wai kaomi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia wai lōʻihi a me ka moisture-proof o nā huahana gypsum.

Hoʻohana nā mea noiʻi kūloko i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā mea inorganic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma muli o ka mea emulsion waterproofing agent i loaʻa e ka co-emulsification o ka polyvinyl alcohol a me ka waikawa stearic, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pōhaku alum, naphthalenesulfonate aldehyde condensate Ua hana ʻia kahi ʻano hou o ka gypsum composite waterproofing agent ma ka hui ʻana i ka paʻakai. Hiki ke hui pono ka gypsum composite waterproofing agent me ka gypsum a me ka wai, e komo i ke kaʻina hana crystallization o ka gypsum, a loaʻa ka hopena wai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

He aha ka hopena paʻa ʻole o ka silane waterproofing agent ma ka efflorescence i loko o ka gypsum mortar?
Pane: (1) Hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai silane ke hoʻemi nui i ka degere o ka efflorescence o ka gypsum mortar, a me ka degere o ka efflorescence inhibition o ka gypsum mortar piʻi me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻohui silane i loko o kekahi ʻano. ʻO ka hopena paʻa o ka silane ma ka 0.4% silane he mea maikaʻi loa ia, a ʻoi aku ka paʻa o kona hopena i ka wā i ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia nui.

(2) ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka silane ʻaʻole wale i hana i kahi papa hydrophobic ma ka ʻili o ka mortar e pale ai i ka komo ʻana o ka wai o waho, akā e hōʻemi pū i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lye kūloko e hana i ka efflorescence, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i ka hopena inhibitory o ka efflorescence.

(3) ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka silane e pale nui i ka efflorescence, ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā ʻano mechanical o ka ʻoihana gypsum mortar, ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hale kūloko a me ka hiki ke lawe hope o nā mea hana hale gypsum dry-mix.