Nui nā ʻano mea kanu, akā ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ka ʻokoʻa o kā lākou haku mele, ʻo ka nui o ke kō a me ke kō ʻole.
. ʻOkoʻa nā mea kanu o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. Hōʻike pōkole kēia i nā mea nui ʻekolu o nā mea kanu mea kanu:
Cellulose etera, lignin a me ka hemicellulose.
1.3 Hoʻohui kumu o nā mea kanu mea kanu
1.3.1.1 Selulosa
ʻO ka cellulose kahi polysaccharide macromolecular i haku ʻia me D-glucose me nā paʻa β-1,4 glycosidic. ʻO ia ka mea kahiko loa a nui loa ma ka honua.
polimer maoli. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kona ʻano kemika e Haworth structural formula a me chair conformation structural formula, kahi n ka degere o ka polysaccharide polymerization.
Cellulose Carbohydrate Xylan
arabinoxylan
glucuronide xylan
glucuronide arabinoxylan
glucomannan
Galactoglucomannan
arabinogalactan
Starch, pectin a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe
ʻāpana kalapona ʻole
lignin
E unuhi i nā Lipid, nā Lignols, nā Puhui Nitrogenous, nā Pūhui Inorganic
Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose
Terpenes, resin acids, fatty acids, sterols, aromatic compounds, tannins
mea kanu
1.4 ʻO ke kinona o ka cellulose
1.3.1.2 Lignin
ʻO ka ʻāpana kumu o ka lignin ka phenylpropane, a laila hoʻopili ʻia e nā paʻa CC a me nā paʻa ether.
ʻano polimer. I loko o ka hale kanu, aia ka nui o ka lignin i loko o ka papa intercellular,
Ua emi iho ka maʻiʻo intracellular, akā ua hoʻonui ka lignin ma ka papa o loko o ka pā lua. E like me ka mea intercellular, lignin a me hemifibrils
Hoʻopiha pū lākou i waena o nā fibers maikaʻi o ka paia cell, ma laila e hoʻoikaika ai i ka paia cell o ka mea kanu.
1.5 Lignin structural monomers, ma ke kauoha: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane a me coniferyl alcohol
1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose
ʻAʻole like me ka lignin, he heteropolymer ka hemicellulose i haku ʻia me nā ʻano monosaccharides like ʻole. Wahi a kēia mau mea
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano sugars a me ka hele ʻana a me ka ʻole o nā hui acyl i glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid) -xylan,
Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, etc.
ʻO xylan he kanalima pakeneka o ka ʻiʻo lāʻau, aia ma ka ʻili o nā microfibrils cellulose a pili pū me nā fiber.
Hoʻokumu lākou i kahi pūnaewele o nā pūnaewele i pili paʻa i kekahi i kekahi.
1.4 Ke kumu noiʻi, koʻikoʻi a me ka ʻike nui o kēia kumuhana
1.4.1 Ke kumu a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka noiʻi
ʻO ke kumu o kēia noiʻi ʻana, ʻo ia ke koho ʻana i ʻekolu mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole ma o ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻāpana o kekahi mau mea kanu.
Lawe ʻia ka cellulose mai nā mea kanu. E koho i ka mea etherifying kūpono, a hoʻohana i ka cellulose extracted e pani i ka pulupulu e etherified a hoʻololi 'ia e hoomakaukau i ka fiber.
Vitamin etera. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka cellulose ether i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i ka paʻi ʻana i ka wai hoʻonaninani, a ma hope ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hopena paʻi no ka ʻike hou aku.
Cellulose ethers no ka pa'i pa'i wai ho'onanea.
ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻoponopono ka noiʻi o kēia kumuhana i ka pilikia o ka hoʻohana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ke kaiapuni o nā mea kanu ʻōpala i kekahi ʻano.
I ka manawa like, hoʻohui ʻia kahi ala hou i ke kumu o ka cellulose. ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka sodium chloroacetate liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me 2-chloroethanol i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he etherifying agents,
Ma kahi o ka waika chloroacetic ʻona loa, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka cellulose ether a hoʻopili ʻia i ka lole pulupulu reactive dye paʻi paʻi, a me ka sodium alginate.
Loaʻa i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea pani i ke ʻano o ke alakaʻi ʻana, a he waiwai hoʻi koʻikoʻi a me ka waiwai kuhikuhi.
ʻO ka pā fiber lignin i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā lignin macromolecules cellulose
9
1.4.2 Maikaʻi noiʻi
1.4.2.1 Ka unuhi ʻana o ka cellulose mai nā mea kanu maka
ʻO ka mea mua, ua ana ʻia a nānā ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu maka, a koho ʻia ʻekolu mau mea kanu mea kanu no ka unuhi ʻana i ka fiber.
Huaola. A laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻina hana o ka lawe ʻana i ka cellulose e ka mālama piha ʻana o ka alkali a me ka waikawa. ʻO ka hope, UV
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka spectroscopy absorption, FTIR a me XRD e hoʻopili i nā huahana.
1.4.2.2 Hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā cellulose ethers
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose lāʻau pine ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia me ka alkali paʻa, a laila hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua orthogonal a me ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokahi kumu.
Nā hana hoʻomākaukau oCMC, HECa me ka HECMC i hoʻonui ʻia.
ʻO nā eter cellulose i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e FTIR, H-NMR a me XRD.
1.4.2.3 Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether paste
ʻEkolu ʻano o ka cellulose ethers a me ka sodium alginate i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā pāpaʻi kumu, a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka paʻi, ka mana paʻa wai a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kemika o nā pāpaʻi kumu.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā waiwai kumu o nā pāpaʻi kumu ʻehā e pili ana i nā waiwai a me ke kūpaʻa mālama.
Ke hoʻohana nei i ʻekolu ʻano o ka cellulose ethers a me ka sodium alginate e like me ka paʻi kumu, hoʻonohonoho i ka paʻi kala kala, hoʻokō i ka paʻi dye reactive, hele i ka papa hoʻāʻo.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻekolucellulose ethers a
Paʻi waiwai o ka sodium alginate.
1.4.3 Nā wahi noiʻi hou
(1) Ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka ʻōpala i waiwai, ka unuhi ʻana i ka cellulose maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe mai ka ʻōpala mea kanu, kahi e hoʻohui ai i ke kumu o ka cellulose
ʻO kahi ala hou, a ma ka manawa like, hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻōpala a me ka haumia kaiapuni; a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka fiber
ʻano unuhi.
(2) ʻO ka nānā ʻana a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe cellulose, nā mea etherifying maʻamau e like me ka waikawa chloroacetic (ʻawaʻawa loa), ethylene oxide (ke kumu.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi), etc. ʻoi aku ka pōʻino i ke kino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni. Ma kēia pepa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka sodium chloroacetate a me 2-chloroethanol i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he etherification agents.
Ma kahi o ka chloroacetic acid a me ka ethylene oxide, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā cellulose ethers. (3) Hoʻohana ʻia ka cellulose ether i loaʻa i ka pulupulu lole reactive dye paʻi, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kumu no ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea pani sodium alginate.
kuhikuhi i.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-25-2024