Nā hopena kemika i ka fermentation o hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)he mea hoʻohui wai-soluble polymer i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka ʻoihana a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a he ākea ka nui o nā waiwai noi, e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hana meaʻai a me nā mea kūkulu hale. ʻO nā hopena kemika i kāna kaʻina hana fermentation e pili nui ana i ka degradation a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o cellulose a me nā hana metabolic o nā microorganisms. I mea e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ai i nā hopena kemika o HPMC i ke kaʻina hana fermentation, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo mua i kona ʻano kumu a me ke kaʻina degradation o cellulose.

1. ʻO ke kumu kumu a me nā waiwai o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

He derivative ka HPMC ma ka hoʻololi kemika o ka cellulose maoli (Cellulose). ʻO ka iwi kuamoʻo o kāna kaulahao molekala he mau molekole glucose (C6H12O6) i hoʻopili ʻia e nā paʻa β-1,4 glycosidic. He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo Cellulose i ka wai, akā ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā pūʻulu methyl (-OCH3) a me hydroxypropyl (-C3H7OH), hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia kona hoʻoheheʻe wai e hana i ka polymer soluble. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻololi o HPMC e komo pū ana me ka hopena o ka cellulose me ka methyl chloride (CH3Cl) a me ka waiʻona propylene (C3H6O) ma lalo o nā kūlana alkaline, a he ikaika ka hydrophilicity a me ka solubility o ka huahana.

2. Nā hopena kemika i ka wā fermentation

ʻO ke kaʻina hana fermentation o HPMC e hilinaʻi maʻamau i ka hana a nā microorganisms, e hoʻohana ana i ka HPMC ma ke ʻano he kumu kalapona a me ka meaʻai. ʻO ke kaʻina hana fermentation o HPMC e pili ana i kēia mau pae nui:

2.1. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka HPMC

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Cellulose me nā ʻāpana glucose i hoʻopili ʻia, a e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka HPMC e nā microorganisms i ka wā o ka fermentation kaʻina, hoʻoheheʻe mua ʻia i nā kō i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia (e like me ka glucose, xylose, etc.). Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia kēia kaʻina hana i nā enzymes degrading cellulose lehulehu. ʻO nā hopena hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ka:

ʻO ka hopena o ka cellulose hydrolysis: ʻO ka β-1,4 glycosidic paʻa i loko o nā molekole cellulose e uhaʻi ʻia e cellulose hydrolases (e like me cellulase, endocellulase), e hana ana i nā kaulahao koko pōkole (e like me oligosaccharides, disaccharides, etc.). E hoʻopili hou ʻia kēia mau kō a hoʻohana ʻia e nā microorganism.

Hydrolysis a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o HPMC: ʻO ka methyl a me ka hydroxypropyl substituent i loko o ka mole HPMC e wehe ʻia e ka hydrolysis. ʻAʻole i hoʻomaopopo piha ʻia ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka hopena hydrolysis, akā hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i loko o kahi kaiapuni fermentation, hoʻopili ʻia ka hopena hydrolysis e nā enzyme huna ʻia e nā microorganism (e like me ka hydroxyl esterase). Ke alakaʻi nei kēia kaʻina hana i ka haki ʻana o nā kaulahao molekala HPMC a me ka wehe ʻana i nā pūʻulu hana, i ka hopena i ka hana ʻana i nā molekole kō liʻiliʻi.

2.2. ʻO nā hopena o ka microbial metabolic

Ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka HPMC i nā molekole kō liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā microorganisms ke hoʻololi i kēia mau kō i ikehu ma o nā hopena enzymatic. Ma ke ʻano kikoʻī, hoʻoheheʻe nā microorganism i ka glucose i loko o ka ethanol, lactic acid a i ʻole nā ​​​​metabolite ʻē aʻe ma o nā ala fermentation. Hiki i nā microorganism ʻokoʻa ke hoʻololi i nā huahana hoʻohaʻahaʻa HPMC ma o nā ala like ʻole. Aia nā ala metabolic maʻamau:

Alanui Glycolysis: Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka glucose i pyruvate e nā enzymes a hoʻololi hou i ka ikehu (ATP) a me nā metabolites (e like me ka lactic acid, ethanol, etc.).

ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka huahana Fermentation: Ma lalo o nā kūlana anaerobic a hypoxic paha, hoʻololi nā microorganism i ka glucose a i ʻole nā ​​​​huahana hoʻohaʻahaʻa i loko o nā waikawa organik e like me ka ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, etc.

2.3. ʻO ka hopena redox

I ke kaʻina hana fermentation o HPMC, hiki i kekahi mau microorganism ke hoʻololi hou i nā huahana waena ma o ka redox reactions. No ka laʻana, ua hui pū ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka ethanol me ka redox reactions, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka glucose e hana i ka pyruvate, a laila hoʻololi ʻia ka pyruvate i ethanol ma o nā hopena hoʻemi. Pono kēia mau hopena no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike metabolic o nā cell.

3. Nā mea hoʻomalu i ka hana fermentation

I loko o ke kaʻina hana fermentation o HPMC, he koʻikoʻi ko nā mea kaiapuni i nā hopena kemika. No ka laʻana, ka pH, ka mahana, ka ʻike o ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ka ʻike kumu kumu meaʻai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻopilikia i ka helu metabolic o nā microorganism a me ke ʻano o nā huahana. ʻOi aku ka mahana a me ka pH, ʻokoʻa paha ka hana o nā enzyme microbial ma lalo o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mahana a me nā kūlana pH, no laila pono e hoʻomalu pono i nā kūlana fermentation e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o HPMC a me ka holomua holomua o ke kaʻina metabolic o nā microorganisms.

Ke kaʻina fermentation oHPMCpili i nā hopena kemika paʻakikī, me ka hydrolysis o cellulose, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o HPMC, ka metabolism o nā kō, a me ka hana ʻana o nā huahana fermentation. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau hopena ʻaʻole kōkua wale i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana fermentation o HPMC, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i ke kākoʻo theoretical no ka hana ʻoihana pili. Me ka hohonu o ka noiʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻokele waiwai fermentation i hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi degradation o HPMC a me ka hua o nā huahana, a paipai i ka noi ʻana o HPMC i ka biotransformation, ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me nā kula ʻē aʻe.