Ether Cellulosehe pūhui polymer me te hanganga ether i hangaia ki te cellulose. Kei ia mowhiti glucosyl i roto i te macromolecule cellulose e toru nga roopu hydroxyl, ko te roopu hydroxyl tuatahi kei te ono o nga ngota waro, ko te roopu hydroxyl tuarua kei runga i te ngota waro tuarua me te tuatoru, me te hauwai kei roto i te roopu hydroxyl ka whakakapihia e te roopu hydroxyl ki te whakaputa i nga mea pärönaki cellulose ether. He hua ka whakakapihia te hauwai o te roopu hydroxyl i roto i te polymer cellulose ki te roopu waiwaro. Ko te Cellulose he puhui polyhydroxy polymer e kore e rewa, e kore e rewa. Whai muri i te whakamaaramatanga, ka whakarewahia te cellulose i roto i te wai, te wairewa kawakore me te whakarewa pararopi, a he thermoplasticity.
Ko te Cellulose he puhui polyhydroxy polymer e kore e rewa, e kore e rewa. Whai muri i te whakamaaramatanga, ka whakarewahia te cellulose i roto i te wai, te wairewa kawakore me te whakarewa pararopi, a he thermoplasticity.
1.Nature:
Ko te memehatanga o te cellulose i muri i te whakaetherification ka tino rerekee. Ka taea te rewa i roto i te wai, te waikawa waimeha, te kawakawa waimeha, te whakarewa waro ranei. E toru nga ahuatanga o te whakarewatanga: (1) Ko nga ahuatanga o nga roopu i whakauruhia ki roto i te tukanga etherification, te whakaurunga Ko te nui o te roopu, ko te iti o te whakarewatanga, me te kaha ake o te polarity o te roopu whakauru, ko te ngawari o te cellulose ether ki te wai; (2) Te tohu o te whakakapi me te tohatoha o nga roopu etherified i roto i te macromolecule. Ko te nuinga o nga etera cellulose ka taea anake te memeha i roto i te wai i raro i tetahi tohu whakakapinga, a ko te tohu whakakapinga kei waenganui i te 0 me te 3; (3) Ko te tohu o te polymerization o te cellulose ether, te teitei o te tohu o te polymerization, te iti ake te whakarewa; Ko te iti o te tohu whakakapinga ka taea te rewa ki te wai, ka whanui ake te awhe. He maha nga momo o te cellulose ethers me te tino pai o te mahi, a he nui te whakamahi i roto i te hangahanga, te ciment, te hinu, te kai, te kakano, te horoi, te peita, te rongoa, te hanga pepa me nga waahanga hiko me etahi atu ahumahi.
2. Whakawhanake:
Ko Haina te kaihanga nui rawa atu o te ao me te kaihoko o te cellulose ether, me te reeti tipu o ia tau neke atu i te 20%. E ai ki nga tatauranga tuatahi, he tata ki te 50 nga umanga whakangao cellulose ether i Haina, kua neke ake te kaha o te hanga o te umanga cellulose ether ki te 400,000 tone, a he tata ki te 20 nga umanga neke atu i te 10,000 tone, ka tohatohahia te nuinga ki Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing me Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai me etahi atu waahi.
3. Me:
I te tau 2011, e 300,000 taranata te kaha o te hanga CMC o Haina. Na te piki haere o te hiahia mo nga eter cellulose-kounga teitei i roto i nga umanga penei i te rongoa, kai, me nga matū o ia ra, kei te piki haere te hiahia o te kainga mo etahi atu hua cellulose ether atu i te CMC. , Ko te kaha o te hanga MC / HPMC e tata ana ki te 120,000 tons, a ko te HEC e pa ana ki te 20,000 tons. Ko te PAC kei te waahi whakatairanga me te tono i Haina. Na te whanaketanga o nga waahi hinu nui o waho me te whakawhanaketanga o nga taonga hanga whare, te kai, te matū me etahi atu ahumahi, kei te piki haere te nui me te mara o te PAC i ia tau, i ia tau, me te kaha o te whakaputa i te 10,000 tons.
4. whakarōpūtanga:
E ai ki te whakarōpūtanga hanganga matū o nga mea whakakapi, ka taea te wehewehe ki nga ethers anionic, cationic me te nonionic. I runga ano i te kaihoko etherification e whakamahia ana, he methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose etc. He pai ake te mahi a te cellulose me te ethyl cellulose.
Methylcellulose:
Whai muri i te maimoatanga o te miro parakore ki te kawakawa, ka puta te cellulose ether ma te raupapa o nga tauhohenga me te mewaro pūhaumāota hei kaihoko whakaeera. Ko te tikanga, ko te 1.6~2.0 te tohu whakakapinga, he rereke ano te whakarewatanga me nga nekehanga rereke o te whakakapi. No te ether cellulose kore-ionic.
(1) Ka whakarewahia te Methylcellulose i roto i te wai matao, a ka uaua te memeha ki te wai wera. He tino pumau tona otinga wai i te awhe pH=3~12. He pai te hototahitanga ki te māngaro, kapia guar, aha atu, me te maha o nga surfactants. Ka tae te pamahana ki te mahana o te wai, ka puta te wai.
(2) Ko te pupuri wai o te methyl cellulose ka whakawhirinaki ki te nui o te taapiri, te pokey, te rahi o te matūriki me te tere memeha. Ko te tikanga, mena he nui te taapiri, he iti te pai, he nui te pokey, he nui te reeti pupuri wai. I roto i a raatau, ko te nui o te taapiri he tino paanga ki te reiti pupuri wai, a, ko te taumata o te potata kaore i te rite ki te taumata o te reeti pupuri wai. Ko te tere o te whakakore i te nuinga ka whakawhirinaki ki te tohu o te whakarereketanga o te mata o nga matūriki cellulose me te pai o te matūriki. I roto i nga ethers cellulose i runga ake nei, ko te methyl cellulose me te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose he teitei ake te reiti pupuri wai.
(3) Ko nga huringa o te pāmahana ka tino pa ki te pupuri wai o te methyl cellulose. Ko te tikanga, ka nui ake te pāmahana, ka kino te pupuri wai. Mena ka nui ake te pāmahana moata ki te 40°C, ka tino heke te pupuri wai o te methyl cellulose, ka tino pa ki te hanga o te moata.
(4)Methyl cellulosehe painga nui ki te mahi me te whakakotahitanga o te moata. Ko te “whakapiri” i konei e pa ana ki te kaha honohono i waenga i te taputapu tono a te kaimahi me te tïpako pakitara, ara, te parenga kutikuti o te moata. He tiketike te adhesiveness, he nui te parenga kutikuti o te moata, me te kaha e hiahiatia ana e nga kaimahi i roto i te tukanga o te whakamahinga he nui ano hoki, a he kino te mahi hanga o te moata. Ko te whakakotahitanga o te methyl cellulose kei te taumata waenga i roto i nga hua ether cellulose.
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose:
Ko te Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose he momo cellulose kei te tere haere te whakaputa me te kai. He katote-kore-kore-a-roto i konatunatua te etera mai i te miro parakore i muri i te whakamaaramatanga, ma te whakamahi i te propylene oxide me te methyl chloride hei kaihoko etherification, na roto i te raupapa tauhohenga. Ko te tohu o te whakakapinga ko te tikanga 1.2~2.0. He rereke ona ahuatanga i runga i te ōwehenga o te ihirangi methoxyl ki te ihirangi hydroxypropyl.
(1) He ngawari te wairewa Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i roto i te wai matao, a ka raru ki te rewa i te wai wera. Engari he tino teitei ake te pāmahana o te wai wera i tera o te methyl cellulose. Ko te memehatanga i roto i te wai matao ka tino pai ake ki te methyl cellulose.
(2) Ko te viscosity o te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e pa ana ki tona taumaha ngota, me te nui ake o te taumaha o te ngota, ka nui ake te viscosity. Ka pa ano te pamahana ki tona pokey, i te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka heke te pokey. Heoi, he iti ake te awe o tona pokey teitei me te pāmahana i to te methyl cellulose. He pūmau tana otinga ina penapena ki te pāmahana rūma.
(3) Ko te pupuri i te wai o te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e whakawhirinaki ana ki te nui o te taapiri, te pokey, me etahi atu, a ko te reiti pupuri wai i raro i te nui o te taapiri he nui ake i tera o te methyl cellulose.
(4)Hydroxypropyl methylcellulosehe pumau ki te waikawa me te kawakore, a he tino pumau tona otinga wai i te awhe pH=2~12. He iti te awe o te houra me te wai kotakota ki te mahi, engari ka taea e te kawakore te tere ake i te memeha me te whakanui paku i tona pokey. Ko te Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose he pumau ki nga tote noa, engari ka nui te kukū o te wairewa tote, ka piki ake te pokey o te otinga hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
(5) Ka taea te whakauru Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ki te wai-wairewa polymer pūhui ki te hanga i te otinga rite me te teitei pokey. Pērā i te waipiro polyvinyl, te māngaro ether, te kāpia huawhenua, aha atu.
(6) Ko te Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose he pai ake te aukati i te methylcellulose, a he iti ake te whakaheke o tana otinga e nga enzymes i te methylcellulose.
(7) Ko te whakapiri o te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ki te hanga kumete he teitei ake i tera o te methylcellulose.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose:
He mea hanga mai i te miro para parakore kua rongoatia ki te kawakore, ka tauhohe ki te waikura ethylene hei kaihoko whakaetere i te aroaro o te isopropanol. Ko te nuinga o te 1.5~2.0 tona tohu whakakapinga. He kaha te hydrophilicity me te ngawari ki te tango i te makuku.
(1) He wairewa te Hydroxyethyl cellulose ki te wai matao, engari he uaua ki te memeha ki te wai wera. He pūmau tana otinga i te pāmahana teitei kaore he reera. Ka taea te whakamahi mo te wa roa i raro i te wera nui i roto i te kumete, engari he iti ake te pupuri wai i tera o te methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose he pūmau ki te waikawa whānui me te kawakore, a ka taea e te alkali te whakatere i tona whakakorenga me te whakanui paku i tona pokey. Ko tona mararatanga i roto i te wai he paku kino atu i tera o te methyl cellulose me te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose he pai te mahi anti-sag mo te kumete, engari he roa ake te wa whakaroa mo te sima.
(4) Ko te mahi o te hydroxyethyl cellulose i mahia e etahi umanga a-whare he iti ake i tera o te methyl cellulose na te nui o te wai me te nui o te pungarehu.
(5) He tino kino te koriri o te wairewa wai o te hydroxyethyl cellulose. I te mahana o te 40°C, ka puta te koriri i roto i te 3 ki te 5 ra, ka pa ki te mahi.
Carboxymethyl cellulose:
Ko te Lonic cellulose ether he mea hanga mai i nga muka taiao (katunu, me etahi atu) i muri i te maimoatanga alkali, ma te whakamahi i te konutai monochloroacetate hei kaihoko etherification, me te whai i te raupapa o nga maimoatanga tauhohenga. Ko te tohu o te whakakapi i te nuinga o te 0.4 ~ 1.4, a ko tana mahi ka tino pa ki te tohu o te whakakapi.
(1) Ko te Carboxymethyl cellulose he hygroscopic ake, a ka nui ake te wai ina rongoa i raro i nga tikanga whanui.
(2) Ko te wairewa wai Carboxymethyl cellulose e kore e whakaputa i te ra, ka heke te pokey ki te piki o te pāmahana. Ka nui ake te mahana ki te 50°C, kare e taea te huri te pokey.
(3) Ko tona pumau ka tino pa ki te pH. Ko te tikanga, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te kumete i runga i te gypsum, engari kaua i roto i te kumete-sima. Ka tino kawakore, ka ngaro te pokey.
(4) He iti rawa te pupuri wai i te methyl cellulose. He awenga whakamuri i runga i te kumete i runga i te gypsum me te whakaheke i tona kaha. Engari, he iti rawa te utu o te carboxymethyl cellulose i to te methyl cellulose.
Cellulose Alkyl Ether:
Ko etahi o nga mema ko te methyl cellulose me te ethyl cellulose. I roto i nga mahi ahumahi, ko te methyl chloride, te ethyl chloride ranei te nuinga o te whakamahi hei kaihoko whakamaarama, a ko te tauhohenga e whai ake nei:
I roto i te tātai, ko R te tohu CH3, C2H5 ranei. Ko te kukū o te alkali e kore noa e pa ki te tohu o te etherification, engari ka pa ano ki te kohi o nga alkyl halides. Ko te iti o te kukū kawakore, ka kaha ake te hauwai o te alkyl halide. Hei whakaiti i te kohi o te kaihoko etherifying, me whakanui ake te kukū alkali. Engari, i te mea he tiketike rawa te kukū o te alkali, ka whakahekehia te hua pupuhi o te cellulose, kaore i te pai ki te tauhohenga etherification, na reira ka heke iho te tohu o te etherification. Mo tenei kaupapa, ka taea te taapiri i te rei me te rei toka i te wa o te tauhohenga. Me pai te whakakorikori me te haea o te reactor kia pai ai te tohatoha o te alkali. Ko te Methyl cellulose e whakamahia nuitia ana hei whakamaroke, hei whakapiri me te colloid tiaki me etahi atu. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei dispersant mo te whakaehunga polymerization, he dispersant here mo nga kakano, he slurry pueru, he taapiri mo te kai me nga mea whakapaipai, he piri rongoa, he taonga paninga tarukino, ka whakamahia i roto i te peita taherapa ki roto i te waituhi whakangao me te whakangao o te cera. te kaha, me etahi atu. Ko nga hua o te Ethyl cellulose he kaha miihini teitei, he ngawari, he wera me te makariri. He wairewa te ethyl cellulose iti-whakakapi ki te wai me te waimeha wairewa kawakore, me nga hua whakakapi-nui ka memeha i roto i te nuinga o nga whakarewa pararopi. He pai te hototahitanga ki nga momo kapia me nga raima. Ka taea te whakamahi ki te hanga kirihou, kiriata, varnishes, adhesives, latex me te paninga rauemi mo nga raau taero, me era atu. Ko te whakauru o nga roopu hydroxyalkyl ki roto i nga cellulose alkyl ethers ka taea te whakapai ake i te whakarewatanga, te whakaiti i tona aro ki te tote, te whakanui ake i te wera me te whakapai ake i nga taonga whakarewa wera, me era atu. nga roopu hydroxyalkyl.
Cellulose Hydroxyalkyl Ether:
Ko etahi o nga kanohi ko te hydroxyethyl cellulose me te hydroxypropyl cellulose. Ko nga mea whakakoi he epoxide penei i te ethylene oxide me te propylene oxide. Whakamahia te waikawa, te turanga ranei hei whakakorikori. Ko te hanga Ahumahi ko te tauhohe i te cellulose alkali me te kaihoko etherification:hydroxyethyl celluloseki te uara whakakapinga teitei he wairewa i roto i te wai matao me te wai wera. Ko te Hydroxypropyl cellulose he nui te uara whakakapi ka whakarewahia ki te wai matao engari kaua ki te wai wera. Ka taea te whakamahi Hydroxyethyl cellulose hei whakakao mo nga paninga taherapa, te ta kakano me te whakapiri waikano, nga rauemi rahi pepa, te whakapiri me nga colloids whakamarumaru. Ko te whakamahinga o te hydroxypropyl cellulose he rite ki tera o te hydroxyethyl cellulose. Ko te Hydroxypropyl cellulose me te iti o te uara whakakapi ka taea te whakamahi hei rongoa rongoa, ka taea te here me te pakaru.
Ko te Carboxymethyl cellulose, te whakapotonga reo Ingarihi CMC, kei te ahua o te tote konutai. He waikawa monochloroacetic te kaikawe, a ko te tauhohenga e whai ake nei:
Ko te Carboxymethyl cellulose te ether cellulose wairewa-wairewa e tino whakamahia ana. I nga wa o mua, ko te nuinga o te waa i whakamahia hei paru keri, engari inaianei kua whakawhānuihia hei taapiri mo te hopii, te slurry kakahu, te peita taherapa, te paninga o te kaata me te pepa, me etahi atu.
Ko te polyanionic cellulose (PAC) he etera cellulose katote, he hua whakakapi teitei mo te carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). He paura ma, he ma-ma, he paku kowhai ranei, he kirikiri ranei, he kore-paitini, he kore reka, he ngawari ki te rewa i roto i te wai hei hanga i tetahi otinga maramara me tetahi pokey, he pai ake te pumau o te wera me te tote, me nga taonga antibacterial kaha. Kaore he koriri me te paheketanga. Kei a ia nga ahuatanga o te parakore teitei, teitei o te whakakapinga, me te tohatoha rite o nga whakakapi. Ka taea te whakamahi hei kaapiri, hei whakakaha, hei whakarereke i te rheology, hei whakaheke i te wai, hei whakapumau i te aukati, me etahi atu. Ko te polyanionic cellulose (PAC) e whakamahia whanuitia ana i roto i nga umanga katoa ka taea te tono CMC, ka taea te whakaiti i te inenga, te ngawari ki te whakamahi, te pai ake o te pumau me te whakatutuki i nga whakaritenga tukanga teitei ake.
Ko te Cyanoethyl cellulose te hua tauhohenga o te cellulose me te acrylonitrile i raro i te catalysis o te kawakore.
Ko te Cyanoethyl cellulose he taumau dielectric teitei me te iti o te whakarea mate ka taea te whakamahi hei matrix kapia mo nga rama phosphor me te electroluminescent. Ka taea te whakamahi i te cyanoethyl cellulose iti-whakakapi hei pepa whakamarumaru mo nga huringa.
Ko nga etera waipiro ngako teitei ake, nga alkenyl ethers, me nga eter waipiro kakara o te cellulose kua whakaritea, engari kaore i whakamahia i roto i nga mahi.
Ko nga tikanga whakarite o te cellulose ether ka taea te wehewehe ki roto i te tikanga wai, tikanga whakarewa, tikanga pokepoke, tikanga slurry, tikanga hau-totoka, tikanga wahanga wai me te whakakotahitanga o nga tikanga o runga.
5.Te parau tumu faaineineraa:
Ko te penupenu α-cellulose teitei ka ruia ki te wairewa kawakore ki te pupuhi ki te whakangaro i nga here hauwai, whakangawari i te whakamaaramatanga o nga reagents me te whakaputa i te cellulose alkali, katahi ka tauhohe ki te kaihoko etherification kia whiwhi te cellulose ether. Kei roto i nga matū whakakoi ko te hauwai waro (he sulfates ranei), te epoxide, me te α me te β pūhui haunga me nga kaikawe irahiko.
6.Mahinga taketake:
Ko nga whakaurunga he mahi nui ki te whakapai ake i nga mahi o te hanga moata whakauru-maroke, me te neke atu i te 40% o te utu rauemi i roto i te moata whakaranu maroke. Ko te waahanga nui o te whakaurunga i roto i te maakete o-whare ka tukuna e nga kaihanga o nga iwi ke, a ko te waahanga tohutoro o te hua ka tukuna ano e te kaiwhakarato. Ko te mutunga, he nui tonu te utu o nga hua moata whakauru maroke, a he uaua ki te whakanui i nga masonry noa me te raima raima me te nui me te whanui. Ko nga hua o te maakete teitei e whakahaerehia ana e nga kamupene kee, a, he iti nga hua o nga kaihanga kumete maroke me te kore utu o te utu; ko te tono whakaurunga karekau he rangahau nahanaha me te whai kiko, me te whai matapo i nga tikanga o tawahi.
Ko te kaihoko pupuri wai he whakauru matua ki te whakapai ake i te mahi pupuri wai o te moata whakamaroke-whakaranu, a koinei hoki tetahi o nga whakaurunga matua ki te whakatau i te utu mo nga taonga moata-maroke. Ko te mahi matua o te cellulose ether ko te pupuri wai.
Ko te Ether Cellulose he kupu whanui mo te raupapa o nga hua ka puta mai i te tauhohenga o te cellulose alkali me te kaihoko whakaetere i raro i etahi tikanga. Ko te cellulose alkali ka whakakapihia e nga momo etherifying agents ki te whiwhi i nga momo ether cellulose. E ai ki nga ahuatanga o te katote o nga mea whakakapi, ka taea te wehea nga etera cellulose ki nga waahanga e rua: katote (pērā i te carboxymethyl cellulose) me te nonionic (pēnei i te methyl cellulose). E ai ki te momo whakakapinga, ka taea te wehea te cellulose ether ki te monoether (pēnei i te methyl cellulose) me te ether whakauru (pēnei i te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). E ai ki nga rereke rereke, ka taea te wehewehe ki te wairewa wai (pēnei i te hydroxyethyl cellulose) me te whakarewa wairewa (penei i te ethyl cellulose). Ko te kumete maroke-whakaranu te nuinga o te wai-wairewa cellulose, me te wai-wairewa cellulose kua wehea ki te momo inamata me te mata-tukinotia momo whakaroa-whakarewa.
Ko te tikanga o te mahi a te cellulose ether i roto i te kumete he penei:
(1) I muri i teether cellulosei roto i te kumete ka rewa i roto i te wai, ko te tohatoha whai hua me te rite o nga mea cimentitious i roto i te punaha ka whakapumautia na te mahi o te mata, me te cellulose ether, hei colloid tiaki, "ka takai" nga matūriki totoka me te paparanga o te kiriata whakahinuhinu i runga i tona mata o waho, e pai ake ai te punaha moata, me te pai ake o te hanga o te miihini i te wa o te hangai.
(2) Na tona ake hanganga ngota, ko te otinga cellulose ether e kore e ngawari ki te ngaro te makuku i roto i te kumete, me te tuku haere i roto i te waa roa, ka whakawhiwhia te moata ki te pupuri i te wai pai me te mahi.
Te wa tuku: Apr-28-2024